• 경영과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2004

Efficient crew scheduling for cockpit crew is important in airline industry due to operational safety and cost associated with the flight duty time. Because of complexity of regulations imposed to the cockpit crew. it is complicated to generate an efficient schedule. Schedule of cockpit crew can be generated through two steps; selecting of flight patterns. and scheduling of them to the specific time horizon. Heuristic method is developed and applied with massive data in a limited time of computation. A set of flight patterns is selected from all possible flight patterns. which are generated by composing the flight leg based on regulations. by using the set partitioning problem with objective function of oversea stay cost. The selected set of flight patterns found at the first step is allocated to 4 week crew schedule to minimize the variance of total fight time assigned to each crew. The crew schedules obtained are evaluated and compared with the ones currently used in one of major airline company.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

In textile industry, needs for various weave drafts have been increased to produce high qualified textile goods. One of disadvantages of traditional textile industry was spending time and money on manual sampling. Nowadays, however, weave draft design and sampling using CAD programs reduce these consumption efficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to provide high qualified woven fabrics by weave draft designs influenced by geometric patterns. First, We analyzed geometric patterns, except for dot, stripe, and checks, in fashion collections from 2009 to 2014 S/S. Then, based on these analyses, design concepts were decided. Third, weave drafts influenced by geometric patterns were designed with weave CAD program, TEX PRO 10.0 by Youngwoo CNI inc. Forth, We simulated fabrics woven by new drafts using CAD programs, depending on fibers, yarns, density of woven, colors, and finishes. Unclassified geometric patterns would be expressed by small size patterns that influenced by retro moods, square patterns with various color variation, zigzag lines, and pieces of puzzles. Three design concepts were decided as greenness, neoclassic, and romantic chic. Thus, geometric patterns for printing were created as drafts for general looms, and one repeat of each draft were provided. According to the design concepts, we designed 13 fabrics with 4 geometric patterns weaving drafts. All Drafts were designed with CAD programs. Finally, same drafts were simulated as woven fabrics for both S/S and F/W seasons by changing each element, such as fiber, yarns, density, colors, and finishes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

To evaluate food consumption patterns of first generation Korean-American in Hawaii, questionnaires were developed using sociodemographic questions and food frequency questionnaire, which included 139 food items most often consumed among Korean foods and American foods. The questionnaires surveyed 157 first generation Korean-Americans in Hawaii. Mean daily servings for the first generation Korean-Americans were calculated for 139 food items combined into 41 food groups based on similarity in nutrient composition and serving size. The food groups which were consumed in amounts over one serving per day for all subjects were rice, Kimchi , non-citrus fruit , vegetables, organge/green vegetables. oil. margarine and coffee/tea. All subjects consumed less than one serving of hotdogs, hamburgers, pizza and pancakes per week(0.14 serving per day). The most notable characteristic of food consumption for first generation Korean-Americans was that they consumed more Korean food such as rice, Kimchi, soybean paste(Deenjang), soybean curd and seaweed than American foods. Compared with other groups based on age and gender, younger men showed significantly(p<0.05) more frequent consumption of beef/pork, sausages /hams /bacons and hambergers. Older men were significantly(p<0.05) more likely to consume Doenjang and less likely to consume pizza and hamburgers. Daily servings were below the recommended level for thegrains /bread/cereals group and fats/oils/sweets group for all subjects . Fruits/vegetables group servings exceeded the recommeded 5 daily servings for younger men. In correlations of daily servings of selected foods among Korean foods and American food with sociodemographic characteristics, this study showed that the older the subjects and the shorter the stay in Hawaii, subjects were more likely to consume Kroean foods.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Recently, all-electrified houses have constructed and some tasks are being carried out to monitor energy consumption patterns. The energy monitoring includes various elements such as temperature, pressure, water flow, $CO_2$, and electricity. In this monitoring, electricity consumption is one of the essential factors because the performance and energy saving levels are described by this physical quantity. This quantity depends on materials, structure, operation of the house, which operation means consumer's life style and usage patterns of home appliances furthermore. Firstly, this paper shows a control simulation method which were developed a few years ago. And some different methods are proposed considering flexible experimental condition.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2008

위치 기반 장치의 발전과, GIS 기능의 확장 그리고 위치 정보기술들의 정확성과 가용성이 증가함에 따라서 위치 기반 서비스들의 새로운 영역에 대한 새로운 가능성이 나타나게 되었다. 데이터의 시간과 공간 형태에 따라서 정의되는 Relationship에 기인하여 시공간 데이터 마이닝 영역에서 공간에 대한 지식 검색이 증가할 경우 매우 큰 문제에 직면한다. 이 논문에서는 모바일 환경에서 시공간 패턴 마이닝을 위한 알고리즘들을 제안한다. 이동 패턴들은 All_MOP와 Max_MOP 두 개의 알고리즘을 활용하여 생성된다. 이 알고리즘들은 먼저 모든 빈발 패턴들을 탐사한 후 오직 최대의 빈발 패턴만을 탐사한다. 아울러, 제안한 기법과 기존의 DFS_MINE 기법의 수행 시간 비교를 통하여 제안한 기법이 수행시간에서 다소 우수한 것을 나타낸다. 이러한 제안접근법은 관광 서비스, 교통 서비스 등과 같은 위치 기반 서비스 등에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to link traditional patterns to mordern clothing. Of all the traditional patterns, the fish pattern was chosen for use during the development of a creative one-piece design for woman and shirts design for man. This study is based upon document searches, including research papers. Through these searches, it investigates the symbolic meaning, formation of the fish pattern and the creative design process. Based on this investigation, the study attempts to modernize the fish pattern and apply the fish patterns to the design of a one-piece dress and shirts. The design procedure includes three sub-processes: selection, arrangement and color-scheme. The selection process, the form of the pattern was edited using Adobe Photoshop. The arrangement of the pattern was made through the checklist conception method, containing the following functions: expand, reset, repeat, omission and dismantling. For the color-scheme of the pattern, Paul Klee(1879-1940)work was selected, and the colors in his work were adopted when dyeing the rest of the one-piece dress and shirts as well as fish features. In conclusion, six designs of the one-pieces dress and shirts were created by using one of Korea's traditional patterns-the fish pattern. This kind of study not only let the world know about the unique beauty of nations but also helps to inspire people who has a profession in design, by suggesting design development process based on design competitiveness improvement factor from fusion of tradition and modern.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

거대한 데이터베이스로부터 중요하고 의미 있는 정보를 찾아내기 위해 데이터 마이닝 기법들이 사용되며, 패턴 마이닝은 이러한 데이터 마이닝을 위한 중요한 기법 중에 하나이다. 패턴 마이닝은 거대 데이터베이스로부터 유용한 패턴을 찾아내는 기법이며, 패턴 마이닝 분야 중에 하나인 빈발 패턴 마이닝은 데이터베이스에서 최소 임계치 이상의 빈도수를 가지는 빈발 패턴을 마이닝 한다. 전통적인 빈발 패턴 마이닝은 전체 데이터베이스에 대한 단일 최소 임계치를 기반으로 중요 빈발 패턴을 마이닝 한다. 단일 최소 임계치 모델은 데이터베이스 내 모든 아이템이 동일한 특성을 가진다고 암묵적으로 가정한다. 그러나 실제 응용에서는 각 아이템들이 개별적인 특성을 가지고 있을 수 있으며, 따라서 이를 반영한 패턴 마이닝 기법이 요구된다. 데이터베이스 내 아이템들의 이러한 특성이 반영되지 않은 빈발 패턴 마이닝 모델에서, 중요한 희귀 아이템이 포함된 패턴을 마이닝 하기 위해서는 낮은 최소 임계치를 설정해야 한다. 그러나 너무 낮은 최소 임계치는 의미 없는 아이템들을 포함하는 수많은 패턴을 야기한다. 반대로 높은 최소 임계치는 희귀 아이템이 포함된 패턴을 마이닝 하지 못하는 희귀 아이템 문제라 불리는 딜레마가 발생한다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위한 초기 연구들은 아이템 빈도수에 따라 데이터를 몇 개의 블록으로 분할하거나 관련 희귀 아이템들을 하나의 그룹으로 만드는 방법을 사용한 근사적 접근법을 제안하였다. 그러나 이러한 기법들은 근사적 방법의 적용에 의해 모든 희귀 패턴을 포함한 빈발 패턴을 마이닝 하지 못한다. 다중 최소 임계치를 고려한 패턴 마이닝 모델은 아이템들의 개별적인 특성을 반영하여 희귀 아이템 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안되었다. 다중 최소 임계치 기반의 빈발 패턴 마이닝 모델에서 각 아이템은 MIS (Minimum Item Support)라고 불리는 개별 최소 임계치를 가지며, 아이템들의 데이터베이스 내 빈도수를 기반으로 계산된다. 다중 최소 임계치 모델은 MIS를 통해 수많은 의미 없는 패턴을 생성하지 않고도 손실 없이 모든 희귀 빈발 패턴을 찾아낸다. 한편, 빈발 패턴을 마이닝 하는 과정에서 후보 패턴들이 생성되며, 단일 최소 임계치 모델에서는 각 후보 패턴의 빈도수가 유일한 최소 임계치와 비교된다. 따라서, 희귀 아이템 문제가 발생할 뿐만 아니라 후보 패턴을 구성하는 아이템들의 특성이 고려되지 않는다. 다중 최소 임계치 모델에서는 이 문제를 다루기 위해 후보 패턴을 구성하는 아이템들의 MIS 값 중에서 가장 작은 MIS 값을 해당 후보 패턴의 최소 임계치로 설정하여 패턴 내 아이템들의 특성을 반영한다. 이를 적용하여 효율적으로 희귀 빈발 패턴을 마이닝 하기 위해 트리 구조 기반의 알고리즘은 빈도수 내림차순으로 트리 내 아이템들을 정렬하는 단일 최소 임계치 모델과는 달리 MIS 내림차순으로 아이템들을 정렬하여 마이닝을 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 다중 최소 임계치 기반의 빈발 패턴 마이닝 알고리즘에 대한 특성을 살펴보고, 일반 단일 임계치 기반 알고리즘과의 성능평가를 수행한다. 성능평가는 실행 속도, 메모리 사용량, 그리고 확장성의 관점에서 수행된다. 성능평가 결과, 다중 최소 임계치 기반의 빈발 패턴 마이닝 알고리즘은 희귀 빈발 패턴을 포함한 모든 빈발 패턴을 단일 임계치 기반의 빈발 패턴 마이닝 알고리즘보다 더 빠른 속도로 마이닝 하였으며, 각 아이템의 최소 임계치 정보를 위한 추가적인 메모리를 필요로 하였다. 또한, 비교 알고리즘들은 좋은 확장성 결과를 보였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1980

A total of 1503 specimens were submitted to the Poultry Disease Diagnostic Service Laboratory during the year 1966 and 1978. The most frequently diagnosed diseases in order of prevalence were avian mycoplasmosis, staphylococcosis, colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pullorum disease, the percentages of the conditions being 24.6%, 20.0%, 18.0%, 12.6% and 6.4%, respectively, The drug resistance of pathogenic mirnoorganisms isolated during the year 1978 from chicken with colicabacillosis, staphylococcosis or salmonellosis were investigated by the use of disc diffusion technique, the results being as follow. 1) Drug resistance of 63 strains of Escherichia coli More than 95% of the strains tested were sensitive to colistin and gentamicin. The percentages of strains sensitive to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin were 66.7%, 60.3%, 60.3% and 47.6%, respectively. Majority of the strains were highly resistant to streptomycin and tetracyline. All the strains were resisistant to bacitracin lincomycin, oleandomycin, penicillin and erythromycin. All the strains tested were resistant to more than two among 10 drugs in common use such as penicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, neomycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin and gentamicin, and 27 different resistance patterns were noted. The most frequent multiple resistance pattern was PC, EM, SM and TC (11.1%). 2) Drug resistance of 48 strains of Salmonella More than 95% of the strains tested were sensitive to colistin, gentamicin ana ampicillin. The percentages of st rains sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline, neomycin and nitrofurantoin were 81,3%, 79%, 72.9%, and 68.0% respectively. None of them was sensitive to streptomycin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, lincomycin and bacitracin. All the strains were resistant to more than one among 7 drugs in common use such as streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, ampicillin and gentamicin. The most frequent resistance pattern was SM and EM(66.7%). 3) Drug resistance of 54 strains of Staphylococci All the strains tested were sensitive to gentmaicin, kanamycin and cephalothin. Majority of them were highly sensitive to bacitracin, methicillin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. The Percentages of strains sensitive to streptomycin, ampicillin, lincomycin and tetracycline were 66.7%, 55.6%, 44.4% and 27.8%, respectively. Among them, 51 strains were resistant to more than one among 11 drugs in common use such as tetracycline, lincomycin, ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, oleandomycin, chloramphenicol, methicillin and bacitracin, and thirty one different resistance patterns were noted.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on muscle activation of paretic and nonparetic arm in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods: Eighteen hemiparetic patients participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform four PNF leg patterns against maximal manual resistance on nonparetic leg. EMG data were collected from biceps and triceps on the paretic and nonparetic side. The measured EMG data was digitized and processed to root mean square (RMS) and expressed as percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (％MVIC). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, during four PNF patterns application, all of the ％MVIC values of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arms increased significantly compared with resting condition (p<0.05). Secondly, there was a significant difference in ％MVIC of paretic biceps between PNF leg pattern 1 and 4 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, regardless of the kinematic components of PNF leg patterns, all of the muscle activation of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arm was significantly increased. The finding of this study indicates that irradiation effect caused by PNF leg patterns is beneficial for increased muscle activation of both paretic and nonparetic arms in post-stroke patients.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2001

기존의 비즈니스 컴포넌트들간의 의사소통은 Facade 패턴을 따르는 방식이었다. 그러나 Facade 패턴은 대표객체 하나만으로 소속객체 밖의 모든 객체들과의 의사소통을 전달하는 방식으로서 기존의 Interface 패턴과 거의 비슷하며, 반드시 대표객체를 통해서만 의사소통이 가능하므로 여러 객체들의 동시 접근 시 과부하로 인하여 결과 반환에 속도저하의 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안한 intermediator 패턴은 이러한 과부하 현상으로 인한 저효율성의 컴포넌트 의사소통 방식을 개선하여 여러 인터페이스를 통한 속도저하의 단점을 보완하였고, Intermediator 객체내의 메소드 구체화를 통하여 실제 행위만을 관리하는 Intermediator 객체를 두어 모든 행위는 Intermediator에서 이루어지도록 하였다. 그렇기 때문에 본 논문에서 제안한 Intermediator 패턴은 객체간의 결합도를 줄일 수 있고 또한 응집력은 높일 수 있으며, 다른 여러 객체들의 참조에도 여러 인터페이스를 통하여 유연하게 대처할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.