• Title/Summary/Keyword: Alkaline series

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Deinking of ONP with Cellulolytic Enzymes and Synthetic Collecter in Alkaline pH

  • Yoon, Kyong-Dong;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2006.06b
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    • pp.451-454
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents an overview of ONP deinking efficiency with cellulolytic enzymes and synthetic collector in alkaline pH. Deinking is a series of unit operations designed to detach ink from cellulose fibers and separate the dispersed ink from the pulp slurry. Deinking chemicals are process aids that enable expensive mill equipment used in these unit operations to operate more efficiently - often much more efficiently. We propose the blended deinking agent with cellulolutic enzymes and synthetic collector in deinking pulp of conventional alkaline method. The deinking efficiency of old news print in alkaline pH was enhanced with enzyme treatments. The brightness of deinked pulp was increased with less residual ink particles and yield of enzymatic deinked pulp was improved compared to the deinked pulp of conventional alkaline method.

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Substrate Specificity of Alkaline Phosphatase (Alkaline phosphatase의 기질 특이성)

  • ;;E. Waelkens;W. Merlevede
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.571-576
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    • 1993
  • The substrate specificity of the purified rabbit plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was determined towards a extended range of potential substrates including relatively simple phosphate derivatives as p-NPP and indolyl phosphate, and several synthetic peptides and phosphoproteins. These results further estabilish the broad substrate specificity of these circulating enzymes. Interestingly, the plasma ALPase preferentially dephosphorylates Thr over Ser residues, as demonstrated with a series of synthetic peptides. The latter result is in contradiction to the behaviour of the tissue ALPase, which is thought to the ultimate source of plasma ALPase, and open therefore new perspectives with respective to the origin and "solubilisation" processes of these enzymes. Dephsphrylation of protein substrates by endogenous and isolated plasma ALPases indicates that ALPase probably displays protein phosphatase activity in vivo.

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Purification and characterization of an alkaline protease produced by a xanthomonas sp. YL-37

  • Lee, Chang-Ho;Kim, Hee-Sik;Seok, Kwon-Gi;Oh, Hee-Mock;kang sang mo;Kwon, Tae-Jong;Yoon, Byung-Dae
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.115-119
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    • 1995
  • The alkaline protease of Xanthomonas sp. YL-37 has been purified, and the properties of the enzyme investigated. The alkaline protease of Xanthomonas sp. YL-37 was purified form crude enzyme by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Through the series of chromatographies, the enzyme was purified to homogenecity with specific activity of 4.23 fold higher than that of the crude broth. The molecular weight of the purified protease has been estimated to be 62 KDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH and temperature for alkaline protease activity were 11.0 and 50.deg.C, respectively. The enzyme was stable between pH 5.0 and 10.0 and up to 50.deg.C. Enzyme activity was lost up to 50% on heating at 70.deg.C for 30 minutes. The activity of alkaline protease was inhibited by Cu$\^$2+/, Zn$\^$2+/, Hg$\^$2+/, PMSF, and activated by Mn$\^$2+/ and Ca$\^$2+/. The $K_{m}$ value for casein as a substrate was 4.0 mg/ml.

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Multiple Magmas and Their Evolutions of the Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in and around Mireukdo Island, Tongyeong (통영 미륵도 주변 백악기 화산암류의 복식 마그마와 그 진화)

  • Hwang, Sang Koo;Lee, So Jin;Ahn, Ung San;Song, Kyo-Young
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.121-138
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    • 2018
  • We have examined the petrotectonic setting and magmatic evolution from petrochemical characteristics of major and trace elements for the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in and around the Mireukdo Island. The volcanic rocks, can be devided into Jusasan, Unmunsa, Yokji and Saryang subgroups on the ascending order, are classified as basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite and rhyolite on TAS diagram. Petrochemical data show that the rocks are calc-alkaline series, and suggest that erupted earlier medium-K series and later high-K series. The volcanic rocks provide a case in which the calc-alkaline magma are formed, not only from separate protoliths, but following separate paths from source to surface. Earlier and later subgroups take different paths to the surface respectively, and are emplaced in the shallow crust as a series of discrete magma chambers through the volcanic processes. After emplacement, each chamber evolves indepently through fractional crystallization with a little assimilation of wall rock. The volcanic rocks have close petrotectonic affinities with orogenic suite and subduction-related volcanic arc. The rhyolitic magma can be derived from calc-alkaline andesitic magma by fractional crystallization with crustal assimilation, which may be derived from a partial melt of peridotite in the upper mantle.

Cytochemical Characteristics of Blood and Bone Marrow Cells in Dog (개의 혈액 및 골수세포의 세포화학적 특성)

  • Lee Chang Woo;Hasegawa A.;Ono K.;Goitsuka R.;Yang M.P.
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.429-438
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    • 1990
  • The cytochemical characteristics of the hematopoietic cells in blood and bone marrow from 3 clinically healthy dogs were examined using a battery of cytochemical stains. Alkaline phosphotase activity was demonstrated in eosinophilic series and occassionally in progranulocytes. A variety of cells exhibited acid phosphatase activity, but tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was seen only in eosinophilic series. Peroxidase activity was observed in myeloblasts to segmented cells of granulocytic series and in monocytes. ${\alpha}$-naphthyl acetate esterase activity was found in monocytes and occassionally in lymphocytes. Naphthyl-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase marked neutrophilic series from myeloblasts to segmented cells. ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activity was detected in a variety of cells except the cells of erythrocytic series. Periodic acid Schiff stain-positive granules were demonstrated in the neutrophilic and eosinophilic series from myelocytes to segmented cells and in monocytes and occassionally in lymphocytes. Sudan black B stain-positive granules marked granulocytic series from myeloblasts to segmented tells and monocytes.

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Geochronology and Petrochemistry of Foliated Granites between Damyang and Jinan (담양(潭陽)-진안(鎭安)사이에 분포(分布)하는 엽리상화강암류(葉理狀花崗岩類)에 대(對)한 지질시대(地質時代)와 성인(成因)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Cheong Bin;Kim, Yong Jun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.233-244
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    • 1990
  • Plutons of Damyang-Jinan area consist of gray feldspar granite gneiss, biotite granite gneiss, foliated granites, Namweon granites, gabbro, biotite granite and Ogangri granite in term of mineralogical, texture and field evidence. From Isotope data of study area, chronological order of the Plutons are the Pre-cambrian gray feldspar granite gneiss(Ar39-Ar40, hornblende, $1998.4{\pm}8.3Ma$), middle to late Triassic Daegang foliated granite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $288{\pm}4Ma$), foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite(K/Ar, hornblende, $198.7{\pm}9.9Ma$), Sunchang foliated granodiorite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $222{\pm}4Ma$), foliated two mica granite, Samori foliated granite and Namweon granite(Rb/Sr, whole rock, $211{\pm}3Ma$: K/Ar, hornblende, $203{\pm}10.2Ma$), middle Jurassic Gabbro(K/Ar, hornblende, $180.7{\pm}9MA$) and biotite granite, and Cretaceous Ogangri granite. According to variations diagrams of $Al_2O_3$ versus normative PI(100 An)/(Ab+An), Daegang foliated granite is plotted on tholeiitic series, and other foliated granites on calc alkaline rock series which are consider to be formed by magmatism at continental margin and island arc region. And alkalinity versus $SiO_2$ shows that Daegang folited granite and Samori foliated granite are correspond to alkaline region, foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite to calc alkaline region, and foliated two mica granite to both regions. According to ACF diagrams, Daegang and Samori foliated granites are plotted on S-type. Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite on I-type, and foliated two mica granite on both type. Foliated granites are a series of differentiated products from cogenetic magma, and effected under ductile sheared zone. Characteristic foliation of foliated granites are considered to be generated by dextral strike slip faulting and ductile shearing.

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Petrology of the Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in Eastern Part of the Kyeongsan Caldera (경산칼데라 동부지역에 분포하는 백악기 화산암류의 암석학적 특징)

  • Park Sung-Ok;Jang Yun-Deuk;Hwang Sang-Koo;Kim Jeong-Jin
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.15 no.2 s.44
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    • pp.90-105
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    • 2006
  • The Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the study area represented by andesitic rocks occupy eastern part of the Kyeongsan Caldera. The volcanic rocks comprise andesite I, andesitic tuff, andesite II, and andesitic tuff breccia in their stratigraphic succession, and andesitic porphyry. Andesite I is distinguished from andesite II in their color, texture, phenocryst mineralogy and petrochemisty. In outcrops, andesite I is compact and dark-green, and andesite II is brick red in color and porphyritic in texture. In their phenocryst mineralogy, andesite I contains olivine phenocryst in addition to plagioclase and pyroxene which occur in both of andesites. Compared to andesite II, andesite I is higher in $SiO_2$ and $K_2O$ contents and lower in CaO, MgO, MnO, $TiO_2,\;Fe_2O_3$, and $P_2O_5$. Major elements petrochemistry shows that magma series of the volcanic rocks spread widely from calc-alkaline to alkaline series. On the other hand, immobile trace elements petrochemistry shows that the magma series is calc-alkaline without exception, suggesting that the volcanics has experienced more or less alkali enrichment after their eruption. Trace element diagrams for discrimination of tectonic setting show that the volcanics of the study area might be originated from calc-alkaline continental volcanic arc.

Purification and Characterization of Thermotolerable Alkaline Protease by Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No. 8-16 (알칼리성 Bacillus sp. No.8-16의 내열ㆍ알칼리성 단백질 분해효소의 정제와 특성)

  • Bae, Moo;Park, Pil-Yon
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.545-551
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    • 1989
  • Thermostable alkaline protease of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No. 8-16 has been purified, and the properties of the enzyme investigated. The characteristic point of the organism used is especially good growth in alkaline and thermal condition. The alkaline protease of the strain No. 8-16 was purified from crude enzyme by acetone precipitation, CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. Through the series of chromatograpies, the enzyme was purified to homogeneity with specific activity of 37 fold higher than that of the crude broth. Characteristics of the purified enzyme were as follow; $K_m$ value for the enzyme was 1.3 mg/ml, the alkaline protease showed a maximal activity at 7$0^{\circ}C$ and from the pH 6.0 through 12.0, and stable for 1 hr. at 6$0^{\circ}C$. The moleclar weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 33,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The activity of the alkaline protease was inhibited by iodoacetic acid and Ag$^+$, Hg$^+$, PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), and activated by $Ca^{2+}$ and Mn$^{2+}$.

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Petrochemical Study on the Alkaline Gabbroic Host Rocks of Titaniferous Magnetite Deposits in Gonamsan, Yeoncheon-Gun, South Korea (고남산(古南山) 함(含)티탄자철광상(磁鐵鑛床)의 모암(母岩)인 알카리반려암질암의 암석화학적(岩石化學的) 연구(硏究))

  • Chang, Ho Wan;Yum, Byoung Woo;Park, No Young
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.85-95
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    • 1987
  • The host rocks of titaniferous magnetite deposits in Gonamsan are alkaline gabbros, which are typical of undersaturated alkaline rocks in terms of the lack of normative quartz. According to field occurrences and petrographic features, these alkaline gabbros are divided into 3 rock types: coarse-grained and pegmatitic rock, medium-grained rock with equigranular texture, and layered cumulate rock. All these rocks mainly contain clinopyroxene(salite), plagioclase(An 43-66), pargasite, and ilmenite. The accessory minerals are apatite, sphene, quartz, and sometimes titaniferous magnetite. Pargasite, sphene, and quartz are considered to be secondary minerals formed by the reaction among clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe-Ti oxide at deuteric stage. Fe-Ti oxides generally occur as ilmenite in the alkaline rocks, and titaniferous magnetite in the ore deposits. Layered cumulate rocks are characterized by a recurrence of discontinuous thin mesolayer of clinopyroxene-pargasite within leucolayer mainly composed of plagioclase. Clinopyroxene is cumulus mineral whereas plagioclase, ilmenite and apatite occur as intercumulus minerals. According to the variation diagrams of oxide and trace element contents against the differentiation index, incompatible elements, such as Na, Ba and Sr, show positive correlations whereas compatible elements, such as Mg and Cr, show negative correlations. However some compatible elements, such as Co, Ni and V show irregular variations, reflecting relative cumulate status of cumulus and intercumulus minerals. On the de la Roche multicationic diagram, these alkaline gabbros are distributed along the differentiation curve of undersaturated alkaline series from alkaline basaltic composition through basanitic composition to tephritic composition. Layered cumulate rocks, which are distributed between basanitic composition and tephritic composition, reflect their cumulate character, slightly scattering away from the curve. The medium-grained rock shows higher contents in Ba, Sr and light rare earch elements than the coarse-grained and pegmatitic rock. The former shows two times higher contents of total rare earth elements than the latter, $while(La/Lu)_{cn}$ ratios maintain fairly constant values of 5.08~5.06 in these two rocks. This means that coarse-grained and pegmatitic rock, as compared with the medium-grained rock, was formed by the earlier differentiated magma but rare-earth element distribution pattern remained almost parallel during differentiation. From the data the above mentioned, these alkaline gabbros are considered to be comagmatic and to be formed by intrusions of differentiated magmas in its reservoir.

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Petrology of the Tertiary Basaltic Rocks in the Yeonil and Eoil Basins, Southeastern Korea (한반도 동남부 제3기 연일, 어일분지에 나타나는 현무암질암의 암석학적 연구)

  • Shim, Sung-Ho;Park, Byeong-Jun;Kim, Tae-Hyeong;Jang, Yun-Deuk;Kim, Jung-Hoon;Kim, Jeong-Jin
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-21
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    • 2011
  • Eoil basalt in the Eoil basin and Yeonil basalt and its related volcanic rocks in Guryongpo and Daebo area were researched and analyzed to purse the tectonic settings and magma characteristics of those Tertiary volcanic rocks in the south-east Korean peninsula. It is highly suggested that zoning, resorption and sieve texture in plagioclase and reaction rim in pyroxene indicate unstable tectonic environments and complex volcanism in the study area. Volcanic rocks from Janggi basin are identified as basalt and basaltic andesite in TAS diagram and sub-alkaline series in terms of magma differentiation. $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ show positive trend however FeO, CaO, MgO and $P_2O_5$ indicate negative trend in Harker variation diagram with $SiO_2$. Basaltic rocks from Eoil area are identified as calc-alkaline series in AFM diagram and show medium K series calc-alkaline in $K_2O-SiO_2$ diagram. Compatible trace elements of Co, Ni, V, Zn, and Sc in Yeonil basalt show negative trend with crystallization but incompatible trace element of Ba, Rb show positive trend with $SiO_2$ 0.81~1.00 of $Eu/Eu^*$ value suggests minor effect of plagioclase fractionation in Yeonil basaltic rocks. Plagioclase composition of Eoil basalt ranges from $An_{63.46-98.38}\;Ab_{1.62-32.96}\;Or_{0-3.58}$ (anorthite-labradorite) in core to $An_{40.89-82.44}\;Ab_{17.10-46.43}\;Or_{0-12.68}$ (bytownite-labradorite) in rim. $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ and 143Nd;t44Nd ranges 0.704090~0.704717 and 0.512705~0.512822 respectively. Negative linear trends in 87Sr/86Sr and $^{143}Nd/^{144}Nd$ correlation diagram indicate that magma produced Yeonil basalt and basaltic andesite has been originated as partial melting product of mantle wedge by subducting Pacific plate affected by oceanic crust with less effect of continental crust indicating calc-alkaline magma characteristics.