• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.635-645
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• 1994

The environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a significant hygenic problem. Recently it is said the garlic supplementation in diet have protective effect on the heavy metal accumulation in tissue of rat by a researcher. In this study two experiments were undertaken. Firstly, dogs were fed diet supplemented with cadmium of cadmium plus 7% of raw garlic for 50 days. on the 50th day of experiment all dogs were euthanasied and the cadmium content of various tissue were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometeric method. Secondly, in order to find out the toxic effect of garlic dogs were fed diet supplemented with 7% of raw garlic for 50 days and hematological or hematochemical observations were undertaken at 10 day intervals. The results obtained from these experiments were summarized as follows; 1. In dogs treated with cadmium and cadmium plus garlic cadmium was accumulated in renal cortex, liver, and muscle. However the concentrations of cadmium showed no significant between the two group. 2. In dogs fed diets supplemented with 7% of raw garlic significant decrease of erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content and significant increase of Heinz body erythrocyte and reticulocyte count were recognized. 3. The garlic-treated dogs and control dogs had normal asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphotase, blood urea nitrogen value. The value showed no significant difference between the two group. 4. From these results it may be concluded that the garlic have protective effect for cadmium accmulation in tissue and excess garlic in diet could induce hemolytic anemia in dogs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2007

The factors and mechanisms by infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi caused disease are not well understood. The onset of tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by chilliness, fever, malaise, headache and generalized aching. Infection of tsutsugamushi is the cause of impairment of function of a major organ often complicate the picture and immediately change the prognosis for the worse. Tsutsugamushi disease is reported that this disease is characterized by the histopathogenesis of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the variation of biochemical components in serum of tsutsugamushi disease patient are not clear. We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLD), cholesterol (CHOL) and total bilirubin (TB) in sera of patients with tsutsugamushi disease. In comparison with reference, total protein and albumin were abnormally decreased in 19.6% and 39.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, UN, glucose, cholesterol and total bilirubin were abnormally increased in 94.1 %, 72.5%, 25.5%, 15.7%, 9.8%, 62.7%, 25.5% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. The patients showed abnormal relative rate of protein electrophoretic fractions to total protein in serum compared to them of reference were 43.1% (albumin), 12.9% ($\alpha_1$-globulin), 58.8% ($\alpha_2$-globulin), 60.8% ($\beta$-globulin) and 70.6% ($\gamma$-globulin), respectively. These data suggest that infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi causes impairment of function of a major organ and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis fractions to tsutsugamushi patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Injinchunggantang on hepatic sclerosis induced by $CCl_4$. Methods : Weight, liver function test and complete blood cell count, gross findings, and findings on liver tissue of the past(Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Masson-Trichrome stain) were studied. Results : When it comes to the change of rats' body weight, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group lost far less weight than The $CCl_{4^-}$only group. In the liver function test, which is focused on various areas such as total cholesterol, alkaline phosphotase, albumin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group was much more closer to normal limit than the $CCl_4$ only group. In the complete blood cell count, including white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrite, platelet, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group significantly closer to normal limit than $CCl_{4^-}$only group. In the gross findings of hepatic fibrosis models, Injinchunggantang showed inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis in the order. In the past findings of hepatic fibrosis models in Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson-Trichrome staining, the liver in $CCl_{4^-}$only group showed atrophy and necrotic change with white nodules, whereas that of $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group showed lesser significant change with the well_preserved tone of the tissue. In the extent of the inhibition of the hepatic fibrosis, the Injinchunggantang group showed statistically significant inhibitory effect(p<0.05) in the sclerosis model. Conclusions : These results show that Injinchunggantang have inhibitory effect on hepatic sclerosis induced by $CCl_4$ and further ultimately prevent liver cirrhosis. To obtain more credible results in this experiment, the invention of a new experimental model more similar to human hepatic sclerosis is still needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.216-229
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• 1996

Interferon(IFN) is a sort of glycoproteins that are produced by activated lymphocyte, monocyte and fibroblast. IFN has anti-viral effects, immuno-defensive mechanism and regulating properties to the several kinds of cells that includes affect on the bone formation and resorption. The effect of IFN on the osteoclast & other tissue cells has been studied in a number of researchers with the limited reports on the osteoblast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of IFN on the osteoblastic function. The MC3T3/El cell(Mouse osteoblast) was incubated in ${\alpha}-minimum$ essential medium containing 10% FBS. To detect the cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on osteoblast, the cells were cultured in 96-well plate to which $IFN-{\gamma}$ of various concentrations were added for 2 days. After staining with trypan blue, total cells and living cells were counted under microscope. To determine the activity of alkaline phosphataset(ALP), various concentrations of $IFN-{\gamma}$ were treated to culture medium, and biochemical assay was performed. $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ plus cycloheximide were added to culture medium separately and then ALP activity were determined. To detect the effect of the $IFN-{\gamma}$ on the bone formation of osteoblast, long-term culture was performed, and calcified nodule formation were observed using von Kossa's staining. After the addition of $IFN-{\gamma}$ with various concentrations to the medium, no cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ was detected at any concentration. The significant increase in ALP activity of osteoblast were found the concentration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ 500-2500U/ml and the culture time of 24-48 hours respectively. The enhancement of ALP activity by $IFN-{\gamma}$ of osteoblast was decreased significantly by the treatment of cycloheximide. After long-term culture of osteoblast, the nodule formation was found to be increased in number and density by the addition of 500 U/ml $IFN-{\gamma}$. These results suggest that $IFN-{\gamma}$ was affected on the bone formation of osteoblast. Forthemore this kind of study or $IFN-{\gamma}$ to osteoblast will be held continuously.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1732-1737
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding transgenic cottonseed (Bt.) vis-a-vis non-transgenic (non-Bt.) cottonseed on blood biochemical constituents in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes in mid-lactation were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. Animals of group I were fed with 39.5% non-transgenic cottonseed in concentrate mixture while the same percentage of transgenic (Bt.) cottonseed was included in the concentrate mixture fed to the animals of group II. Animals of both groups were fed with concentrate mixture to support their milk production requirements. Each buffalo was also offered 20 kg mixed green fodder (oats and berseem) and wheat straw ad libitum. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 35 days. There was no significant difference in the dry matter intake between the two groups of buffaloes. All the buffaloes gained body weight, however, the differences were non significant. Total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and packed cell volume were $9.27{\pm}0.70${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, $13.01{\pm}0.60gdl$ and $34.87{\pm}1.47%$, respectively in group I with the corresponding figures of $8.88{\pm}0.33$, $12.99{\pm}0.52$ and $31.08{\pm}1.52$ in group II. The values of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume did not differ significantly between the two groups of buffaloes. The concentration of plasma glucose, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein were non significantly higher in buffaloes fed non-transgenic cottonseed than in buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. The cholesterol concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher in buffaloes of group I ($136.84{\pm}8.40mg/dl$) than in buffaloes of group II ($105.20{\pm}1.85mg/dl$). The serum alkaline phosphotase, glutamic-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic-pyruate transaminase activities did not differ significantly between two groups of buffaloes. However, serum glutamic-pyruate transaminase activity was considerably high in buffaloes fed nontransgenic cottonseed as compared to buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. Bt. proteins in serum samples of animals of group II were not detected after 35 days of feeding trial. It was concluded that transgenic cottonseed and non-transgenic cottonseed have similar nutritional value without any adverse effects on health status of buffaloes as assessed from haematobiochemical constituents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.949-959
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• 2005

이 연구는 임플란트를 식립하기를 원하는 전신건강상태가 양호하며 구강위생상태가 좋은 14명 환자(남자:8명, 여자:6명, 평균나이 : 44세)의 20개의 발치와 내에 흡수성 차폐막(BioMesh. Sam Yang Corporation, Korea)과 함께 탈회냉동 건조동종 골(dem-ineralized freezedried bone allografts, $250-500{\mu}m$. Pacific Coast Tissue Bank, U.S.A.)과 이종골(Bovine-Bone, Bio-Oss 0.25-1.0 mm, Geistlich, Biomaterials and Osteohealth, Switzerland)을 1:1(부피)로 혼합하여 이식한 후 그 치유양상을 관찰하고자 조직학적 및 면역조직화학적으로 평가하였다. 이직재가 탈락되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 발치한 후 1개윌이 경과된 후에 이식재와 차폐막을 위치시켰다. 표본제작을 위하여 이식술을 시행한 지 약 6개윌 후에 임플란트를 식립하기 직전 식립부위에서 trephine bur로 골을 채취하였는데, 20증례 중 7증례에서 임플란트를 식립하기 전에 차폐막이 노출되었다. 차폐막이 노출되지 않은 것을 대조군으로, 노출된 것을 실험군으로 설정하였다. 조직학적인 관찰을 위하여 통상적인 방법에 따라 탈회 표본을 제작하였고, alkaline phosphotase(ALP)틀 이용하여 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행한 후 골 형성 상태를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서는 발치와내에서 골유도재생술 후 나타나는 치유 형태를 5가지 형태로 분류할 수 있었다. Type I, II와 III는 새로운 골 형성을 나타내지 않았고, 면역조직화학적 검사 시 ALP 음성 소견을 나타내었다. Type V는 새로운 골 형성과 ALP 양성 소견을 나타내었으나 염증, 괴사, 결합조직의 증식 등은 없었다. Type IV와 Type V의 차이는 결합조직의 증식여부로 구분되었다. 막이 노출되지않은 증례들 중 7 증례에서는 Type V의 치유 형태를, 2증례에서는 Type IV의 치유 형태를 나타내었다. 막이 노출되었던 증례에서는 Type I, II, III의 다양한 치유 형태를 나타내었다. 본 연구결과, 발치와 내에 골유도재생술을 시행한 후 차폐막의 노출 여부가 신생골 형성에 중요한 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료되며, 본 연구에서 분류한 치유 형태가 향후 골유도재생술 후의 결과 분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권2호통권91호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2002

사회적, 경제적 여건의 향상으로 성인들의 교정치료에 대한 관심이 커지고 있지만 폐경기 여성에 있어서 골다공증의 증가는 교정치료에 제한이 되며, 골다공증과 카페인과의 관련 여부는 최근까지 논란이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 생후 1일된 마우스의 골모세포를 in Vitro상에서 카페인과 칼슘 및 이 둘을 혼합 처리하여 골모세포의 활성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 실험에 사용한 골모세포는 마우스의 두개관에서 얻었으며, 카페인 단독 처리, 칼슘 단독 처리, 카페인과 칼슘의 혼합처리를 시행하였다. 카페인 처리를 한 경우 1일, 2일, 4일째 세포 독성 정도를 570 nm ELISA로 분석을 시행하였고, 카페인, 칼슘 및 혼합 처리시 배양 후 28일째 Von Kossa staining 후 영상분석기에 의해 광화된 골결절의 밀도를 측정하였으며, 염기성 인산분해효소 활성도 변화를 배양 후 2일, 7일, 14일, 21일, 28일째 405 nm spectrophotometer로 측정하였고, IL-1 ${\beta}$의 활성도를 48시간 후 492 nm ELISA로 분석을 시행하였다. 얻어진 수치들은 ANOVA test로 통계 분석하였다. 1. 카페인에 대한 세포 독성은 카페인의 농도가 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM로 증가함에 따라, 2일, 4일로 배양 기간이 길어짐에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고, 세포수는 감소하였다. 2. 광화된 골결절의 밀도는 카페인을 단독 처리한 경 우 0.2 mM에서, 칼슘 단독 처리시에는 1.2 mM에서, 혼합 처리한 경우 0.1 mM 카페인과 1.8 mM 칼슘에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 3. 염기성 인산분해효소 활성도는 비처리시 칼슘과 같이 14일째 최대값을 보이는 반면, 카페인을 단독 처리한 경우 농도가 증가함에 따라 활성도가 증가하였다. 카페인과 칼슘 혼합 처리시에는 칼슘 농도가 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM인 경우 배양 14일에 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 2.5 mM인 경우 활성도가 감소하였다. 4. II-1 ${\beta}$의 활성도는 카페인을 단독 처리한 경우 0.2 mM, 1.0 mM에서, 칼슘 단독 처리시에는 1.8 mM에서, 혼합 처리시 0.1 mM 카페인과 1.8 mM 칼슘 혼합 처리한 경우 높게 나타났고, 고농도의 카페인, 칼슘 혼합 처리 시에는 낮게 나타났다 이러한 실험 결과를 통하여 칼슘이 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM 농도로 존재하는 경우 카페인에 의한 골모세포의 염기성 인산분해효소 활성과 IL-1 ${\beta}$의 활성 억제 효과가 어느 정도 회복되나, 2.5 mM 고농도의 칼슘은 억제된 활성을 회복시키지 못함을 확인하였다.