• Title/Summary/Keyword: Alkali treatment

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Improvement of the mechanical performance and dyeing ability of bamboo fiber by atmospheric pressure air plasma treatment

  • Hoa, Ta Phuong;Chuong, Bui;Hung, Dang Viet;Tien, Nguyen Dung;Khanh, Vu Thi Homg
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2009.03a
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2009
  • Atmospheric pressure air plasma was applied for treatment of different kinds of natural bamboo fiber to improve their mechanical properties and surface characteristics, which are suitable for adhesion and dyeing. The tensile strength and Young modulus of bamboo fiber were significantly improved; SEM and AFM study show that the surface of fiber became cleaner and rougher after plasma treatment. Plasma treatment caused the cracking, removing of the protective skin of alkali-untreated fiber and etching to form a cleaner and rougher surface. The dyeability of both groups of bamboo fiber which are used for composite and textile purposes is significantly enhanced after treatment.

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Dyeability and Enzymetic Treatment of Wool Pretreated with tert-Butoxide (tert-Butoxide 처리 양모의 효소처리 및 염색성에 관한 연구)

  • 윤남식;윤성도
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 1997
  • Wool samples were treated by potassium tert-Butoxide(t-BuOK) in anhydrous tert-butanol to remove the bound surface lipid-layer, and the weight loss behaviors in protease solution and dyeabilities of the samples were studies. The C/N ratio of the surface of the t-BuOK-treated wool was shown to be 4.3 from XPS analysis. From SEM pictures any remarkable change in the shape of surface curticle during the proteasw treatment was not observed regardless of prior t-BuOK treatment. Dyeing rate and equilibrium adsorption of Orange II, a typical levelling type acid dye, on wool were not changed by protease or t-BuOK treatment, but those of Milling Cyanine 5R, a typical milling type acid dye, on wool were greatly enhanced by t-BuOK treatment in spite that, from alkali and urea-bisulfite solubilities, no damage on the inner part of wool fiber was expected by t-BuOK treatment.

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Treatment Characteristics of Plating Wastewater Containing Freecyanide, Cyanide Complexes and Heavy Metals (I) (도금폐수내 유리시안과 착염시안 및 중금속의 처리특성 (I))

  • Jung, Yeon-Hoon;Lee, Soo-Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.979-983
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    • 2009
  • The mean pH of wastewater discharged from the plating process is 2, so a less amount of alkali is required to raise pH 2 to 5. In addition, if sodium sulfite is used to raise pH 5 to 9 in the secondary treatment, caustic soda or slaked lime is not necessary or only a small amount is necessary because sodium sulfite is alkali. Thus, it is considered desirable to use only $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ in the primary treatment. At that time, the free cyanide removal rate was highest as around 99.3%, and among heavy metals, Ni showed the highest removal rate as around 92%, but zinc and chrome showed a low removal rate. In addition, the optimal amount of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ was 0.3g/L, at which the cyanide removal rate was highest. Besides, the free cyanide removal rate was highest when pH value was 5. Of cyanide removed in the primary treatment, the largest part was removed through the precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide: $[Fe_4(Fe(CN)_6]_3$, and the rest was precipitated and removed through the production of $Cu_2[Fe(CN)_6]$, $Ni_2[Fe(CN)_6]$, CuCN, etc. Furthermore, it appeared more effective in removing residual cyanide in wastewater to mix $Na_2SO_3$ and $Na_2S_2O_5$ at an optimal ratio and put the mixture than to put them separately, and the optimal weight ratio of $Na_2SO_3$ to $Na_2S_2O_5$ was 1:2, at which the oxidative decomposition of residual cyanide was the most active. However, further research is required on the simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as chrome and zinc.

A Study on Using Gray Color Dyeing from Gallapple (오배자에 의한 회색계열 염색에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Nam-Hee;Kim, Sung-Yeon;Cho, Kuyung-Rae
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.547-552
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    • 2005
  • The study has objective in raising value of the gray color as a meaningful color suiting sentiments of modern people by expressing the gray color in various perspective utilizing natural dyes that is natural at the same time having aesthetic color tones. For example, the main ingredient used for coloring black and gray color is the pyrogallol tannin and the gray tone dye can be acquired by combining the tannin with iron. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of Gallapple pyrogallol tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of Gallapple tannin was at around 273 nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of Gallapple tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consist highly of gray tones and showed red tone after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Lightfastness was more on a normal fading. I hope this study opens up possibilities towards presenting gray color expressed from tannin as color with diversity and aesthetic value. In future, comparative study between dye expressed from catechol tannin dye materials will be helpful.

Study on pH Reducing Method of Recycled Fine Aggregate for Embanking or Covering (성복토용 순환잔골재의 pH 저감방법에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Min-Cheol;Han, Dongyeop
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2017
  • The aim of the research is to suggest an economical and sustainable method of reducing pH of recycled aggregate as an embanking and a covering materials. Because of the unhydrated cement based materials on the surface of the recycled aggregate, it causes a severe problem on environment with leaked high alkali water from embankment and covering by using recycled aggregate. In this research, to reduce the pH of recycled aggregate, regarding the recycled fine aggregate, eight different methods were tested and analyzed with three different categorized: natural treatment, artificial treatment, and chemical treatment. From the results of experiment, it was considered that the most efficient method of reducing pH of recycled aggregate was the chemical treatment using acid such as $CO_2$ acceleration or monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Especially, using MAP and DAP, fertilizers, is the most efficient method of reducing pH with its time duration and performance.

EFFECT OF ADDITION OF INTACT OR ALKALIZED LUCERNE JUICE AT ENSILING ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RICE STRAW SILAGE

  • Nishino, N.;Ohshima, M.;Yokota, H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.487-494
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    • 1992
  • This experiment was conducted to study the effect of addition of Lucerne juice (LJ) obtained by mechanical extraction of freshly harvested crop on the nutritive value of rice straw silage. Rice straw (RS) was ensiled with intact, NaOH or $NH_3$ treated LJ at 3:7 ratio on fresh weight basis (LJ RS, LJ NaOH RS and LJ $NH_3$ RS, respectively). Each alkali was mixed with fresh juice at a level of 4% of rice straw dry matter just before ensiling. Rice straw ensiled with water was prepared as the control (W RS). In the digestion trial, goats were allocated in a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design and fed the diet containing three parts of RS silage and one part of wheat bran (DM basis). For the goats receiving the control silage, urea was supplemented at feeding time so as to adjust the nitrogen intake except for goats on LJ $NH_3$ RS silage. Crude protein content of RS silage was increased from 5.2 to 9.1% (DM basis) by the addition of intact LJ and to about 24% by $NH_3$ treated LJ. The control W RS silage contained only trace amount of lactic acid and was dominated by acetic and butyric acid. The addition of intact LJ reduced butyric acid content and $NH_3-N/TN$ of the silage whereas the addition of alkalized LJ increased those values and shifted to a butyrate type fermentation. Nutrient digestibilities and nitrogen balance of goats were almost the same when they were fed W RS and LJ RS silage indicating the addition of intact LJ did not improve the nutritive value. The addition of alkalized LJ significantly increased the fiber digestibilities of RS silage and $NH_3$ treatment was more effective than NaOH treatment. Postprandial ruminal $NH_3-N$ and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were decreased by feeding LJ NaOH RS silage suggesting ruminal protein synthesis was enhanced along with the increase of energy supply for supply for rumen microbes by the alkali treatment. The advantageous fiber digestibilities of LJ $NH_3$ RS silage compared with those of LJ NaOH RS silage might be attributable to a sufficient nitrogen supply for microbial fiber digestion in the rumen.

Deterioration and Conservation Treatment of the Three Storied Stone Pagoda in Seoak-ri, Gyeongju (경주 서악리 삼층석탑의 훼손상태 및 보존처리)

  • Lee, Myeong-Seong;Jeong, Min-Ho;Jung, Young-Dong;Lee, Chan-Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.18 s.18
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    • pp.63-74
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    • 2006
  • All rock materials of the three storied stone pagoda in Seoakri were composed of light gray alkali granite with medium grained and developed with small mialolitic cavities. This stone pagoda is preserving almost archetype except the head part because there was repair work already. But, foundation, basement and roof rocks are serious state by microbial invasion such as lichens. Because there are tree and grass that cause direct effect to stone pagoda surrounding. Therefore, conservation treatment executed the primary dry cleaning and secondary wet cleaning treatment. Stone surface is partly not removed well such as lichens which part removed using cleansing device that use high temperature steam. Some treated part concrete and epoxy resin remove and retreatment with mixing talc and alkali granite powder to epoxy resin. Did color matching at mixing process of epoxy resin and fillers to properties with set the feel of a material. Also, drainage ditched to minimize inflow of rainwater fall from slope that is on the east of stone pagoda, tree and grass in stone pagoda surrounding wished to do remove and control occurrence of lichens hereafter minimizing moisture conteats.

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Growth Performance, Humoral Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Alkali Processed Karanj Cake Incorporated Diet Supplemented with Methionine

  • Panda, K.;Sastry, V.R.B.;Mandal, A.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.677-681
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    • 2005
  • A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.

Alkali Hydrolysis of Insoluble Sericin (불용성 세리신의 알칼리 가수분해)

  • 김정호;배도규
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.31-35
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    • 2000
  • When insoluble sericin was hydrolyzed by treatment of NaOH solution, the solubility was increased with higher treatment temperature and longer treatment time. Whereas it was decreased in addition of NaHSO$_3$. As the results of electrophoresis in sericin powder obtained by the NaOH treatment, a distinguishable band was not confirmed. Average degree of polymerizations(A.D.P.) of sericin hydrolyzed by NaOH solutions were about 19.6∼22.1 and average molecular weight(M.W.) were about 2,200∼2,500. The longer hydrolysis time increased the whiteness of sericin powder. As the results of amino acid analysis, the contents of Thr., Tyr., and Ser. were decreased in NaOH hydrolysis as compared to HCl hydrolysis. In DSC analysis, thermal deformation and pyrolysis peak located at near 230$\^{C}$ and 320$\^{C}$, respectively.

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모발(毛髮)의 Carotinoid계(係) 색소(色素) 염색(染色)에서 Chitosan 처리순서(處理順序)가 모발(毛髮)의 염색성(染色性)과 역학적(力學的) 특성(特性)에 미치는 영향(影響)

  • Kim, Kyung-Sun;Jeon, Dong-Won;Kim, Jong-Jun;Ahn, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.79-89
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    • 2007
  • The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.