• 제목/요약/키워드: Alkali

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시멘트 계에서 액상 숏크리트용 급결제의 수화 특성에 관한 연구 (The Hydraulic Characteristics of Liquid Shotcrete Accelerators within Cement System)

  • 신진용;김재영;홍지숙;서정권;노재성
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.1011-1018
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    • 2005
  • 액상 숏크리트 급결제(알칼리 알루미네이트, 2종의 알카리프리)가 시멘트 계의 수화 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 새로운 알카리프리계 숏크리트용 급결제(AF2)를 적용할 경우 기존의 알칼리 알루미네이트 급결제에 비해 초결, 종결 시간은 단축되었고, 1일 압축 강도는 유사했다. 12시간 경과된 모르타르 시편의 압축 강도는 알칼리 급결제가 첨가된 시편이 가장 높았으나, 이후 최종 강도는 알칼리 급결제를 첨가한 시편이 가장 낮았다. 그러나 알카리프리가 첨가된 AF1, AE2 시편의 압축 강도는 28일까지 plain과 유사했다. XRD와 DSC 분석을 통해 알칼리계 급결제는 주로 수산화칼슘, 알카리프리계 급결제는 에트링자이트 결정 성장으로 응결이 촉진된 것을 확인했다.

Isolation and Identification of Alkali-tolerant Bacteria from Near-Shore Soils in Dokdo Island

  • Namirimu, Teddy;Kim, Jinnam;Zo, Young-Gun
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 2019
  • Saline or alkaline condition in soil inhibits growth of most crop plants and limits crop yields in many parts of the world. Augmenting an alkaline soil with alkali-tolerant bacteria capable of promoting plant growth can be a promising approach in expanding fertile agricultural land. Near-shore environments of Dokdo Island, a remote island located in the middle of the East Sea, appear to have patches of seawater-influenced haloalkaline soil that is unsupportive for growth of conventional plants. To exploit metabolic capacities of alkali-tolerant bacteria for promoting plant growth in saline or alkaline soils, we isolated of alkali-tolerant bacteria from near-shore soil samples in Dokdo and investigated properties of the isolates. Alkali-tolerant bacteria were selectively cultivated by inoculating suspended and diluted soil samples on a plate medium adjusted to pH 10. Fifty colonies were identified based on their $GTG_5$-PCR genomic fingerprints and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Most isolates were affiliated to alkali-tolerant and/or halotolerant genera or species of the phyla Firmicutes (68%), Proteobacteria (30%) and Actinobacteria (2%). Unlike the typical soil bacterial flora in the island, alkali-tolerant isolates belonged to only certain taxa of terrestrial origin under the three phyla, which have traits of plant growth promoting activities including detoxification, phytohormone production, disease/pest control, nitrogen-fixation, phosphate solubilization or siderophore production. However, Firmicutes of marine origin generally dominated the alkali-tolerant community. Results of this study suggest that haloalkaline environments like Dokdo shore soils are important sources for plant growth promoting bacteria that can be employed in bio-augmentation of vegetation-poor alkaline soils.

알카리 금속을 배재한 단결정 실리콘 태양전지의 텍스쳐링 공정 (Alkali metal free texturing for mono-crystalline silicon solar cell)

  • 김태윤;김회창;김범호
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.48.1-48.1
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    • 2010
  • 단결정 실리콘 태양전지 제조 공정이 진행되는 과정에서 각종 오염물에 의해 표면이 오염된다. 태양전지의 효율 개선을 위한 표면 texturing 공정은 주로 wet etch을 주로 사용한다. Wet etch 공정 시 주로 사용되는 KOH 용액은 texturing 후 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면에 K+ 이온을 남기고 이는 태양전지 표면에서의 불순물로 작용하여 효율을 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 이를 제거하기 위해 불산 및 오존에 의한 세정 공정이 추가로 필요로 하게 된다. 이러한 공정을 최소화 하며 잔존하는 알칼리 금속도 제거하기 위해, etchant로 알카리 용액이 아닌 ethylenediamine을 사용하여 texturing 후 KOH 용액과 비교해 보았다.

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알칼리 공용매 팽윤처리 시 알칼리 농도가 SwBKP 섬유 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Alkali Concentration on Fiber Characteristics of SwBKP during Alkali Treatment in Cosolvent System)

  • 서지혜;최경화;조병욱
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2016
  • Various mechanical and chemical pretreatment methods including alkali treatment, pre-beating, enzyme treatment and oxidation treatment have been used to reduce the production energy of the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). Among them, alkali swelling can be helpful to reduce the energy consumption because the internal bonding between fibrils could be weakened. In this study, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a cosolvent to improve alkali pretreatment efficiency and the effects of NaOH concentration during NaOH-DMSO swelling on changes in fiber characteristics of softwood bleached kraft pulp (SwBKP) were elucidated. For alkali treatment in H2O-DMSO solvents, fiber length were decreased with increasing NaOH concentration while fiber width, curl and WRV were increased. WRV began to increase at 8% NaOH solution. In addition, above 8% concentration of NaOH, crystalline structure of pulp fibers converted from cellulose II to cellulose III by DMSO cosolvent. Comparing the previous results with this study, it was shown that DMSO cosolvent could promote swelling of pulp fibers and thus reduce NaOH concentration for the maximum swelling of fibers.

Vapor-phase Oxidation of Alkylaromatics over V/TiO2 and VSb/Al2O3 Catalysts: Effect of Alkali Metals

  • Yoon, Ji-Woong;Jhung, Sung-Hwa;Chang, Jong-San
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.2405-2408
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    • 2007
  • Oxidation of alkylaromatics including toluene and p-methoxytoluene has been carried out over alkali metal (AM)-containing catalysts such as AM-V/TiO2 and AM-VSb/Al2O3 in vapor-phase using oxygen as an oxidant. The selectivity for partial oxidations increases with incorporation of an alkali metal or with increasing the basicity of alkali metals (from Na to Cs), irrespective of the supports or reactants. However, the conversion is nearly constant or slightly decreasing with the addition of alkali metals in the catalyst. The increased selectivity may be related with the decreased acidity even though more detailed work is necessary to understand the effect of alkali metals in the oxidation. The AM-VSb/Al2O3 may be suggested as a potential selective catalyst for vapor-phase oxidations.

알칼리와 CTAB 처리에 의한 양모섬유의 개질(I) -화학적 성질의 변화- (Modification of Wool Treated with Alkali and Alkali/CTAB (I) -Changes of chemical properties-)

  • 김영리;유효선
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.728-737
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the chemical properties of wool treated with six kinds of alkali (NaOH, Naac03, NH40H, NH2CH3CH30H, TMAH and BTMAH) with or without CTAB. Content of bound fatty acid liberated from wool surface, elemental composition and allw6rden time were measured to compare the surface modification of untreated and alkali treated wool. Also, the chemical degradation of the fiber was investigated by measuring cystine contents and urea-hydrogensulfite solubility. The result were as follows: 1. By the alkali treatment of wool, the covalently bound fatty acid of the epicuticle was removed and the allworden time was shortened, and in the case of wool treated with TMAH, BTMAH, the allw6rden sacs were formed unevenly and rarely. Also, cystine contents and urea-hydrogensulfite solubility were decreased by alkali treatment on wool. 2. The modification of epicuticle and the chemical degradation of wool were occurred due to alkaline hydrolysis in the order of TMAH, BTMAH > NaOH, Na3c03> NH2CH3CHaOH, NH40H. 3. As a treating time increased, the modification of epicuticle and chemical degradation of wool were accelerated. By the addition of CTAB to the alkali solution, the modification of epicuticle was increase, and the cystine contents and urea-hydrogensulfite solubility were reduced than that of wool teated with alkli without CTAB due to reduction of negative charge on the wool surface by the adhesion of CTAB.

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고온에서의 알칼리 활성화 내화성 결합재의 강도 및 공극구조 평가 (Estimation of Strength and Pore Structure of Alkali-Activated Fire Protection Materials at High Temperature)

  • 송훈;김영호;김완기;소형석
    • 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2012
  • This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of alkali-activated fire protection material compounds including the alkali-activator such as potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash as the fire resistant finishing materials. Also, this paper is concerned with change in compressive strength and pore structure of the alkali-activated fire protection material at high temperatures. The testing methods of fire protection materials in high temperature properties are make use of TG-DSC and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements. This study results show that compressive strength is rapidly degraded depending on a rise of heating temperature. Porosity showed a tendency to increase irrespective of specimen types. This is due to both the outbreak of collapse of gel comprising the cement and a micro crack by heating. However, alkali-activated fire protection material composed of potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength and porosity at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate.

알칼리 자극제의 종류 및 첨가율에 따른 무시멘트 경량 경화체의 강도특성 (Strength Properties of Alkali-Activated Lightweight Composites with Alkali Activators of Different Types and Amounts)

  • 이상수;김윤미;박선규
    • 한국건축시공학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.301-307
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용하지 않고 산업부산물인 고로슬래그를 기반으로 제지애시와 알칼리 자극제를 사용하여 기포를 발생시킴으로써 경량 패널의 심재 및 충전재 등에 사용할 수 있는 무시멘트 경량 경화체를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 제지애시의 적정 치환율을 도출하기 위한 기초실험을 실시하였다. 기초 실험을 바탕으로 제지애시와 반응하여 수소기체를 발생시킬 수 있는 알칼리 자극제의 종류 및 첨가율에 따라 본 실험을 실시하였으며, 제조된 시험체를 대상으로 재령별 겉보기 밀도와 강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 제지애시의 적정 치환율은 5%이며, 알칼리 자극제는 NaOH를 12.5% 첨가한 경화체의 겉보기 밀도가 $1.13g/cm^3$, 감소율 40.45%로 가장 낮은 겉보기 밀도를 나타내었으며, 겉보기 밀도와 비교하여 비교적 높은 강도를 발현하였다. 따라서, 알칼리 자극제로써 NaOH를 적정량 사용하고 제지애시와의 반응시간을 늦출 수 있는 방법을 강구한다면 보다 높은 강도와 경량성을 겸비한 무시멘트 경량 경화체를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

울릉도(鬱陵島) 북부(北部) 알칼리 화산암류(火山岩類)에 대(對)한 암석학적(岩石學的) 연구(硏究) (Petrology of Alkali Volcanic Rocks in Northern part of Ulrung Island)

  • 김윤규;이대성
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.19-36
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    • 1983
  • The study revealed that the sequence of volcanism in Ulrung island can be classified into 5 stages, and the volcanic history is summerized as follow: 1st stage: Eruption of basaltic agglomerates, tuffs and lavas, 2nd stage: Eruption of trachytic and trachyandesitic agglomerates and tuffs, 3rd stage: Eruption of trachyte lavas and their lapilli tuffs, 4th stage: Eruption of trachyte lavas and nepheline phonolites, 5th stage: Eruption of pumice, trachytic ash and lapilli, and plutonic ejecta (fragments of alkali gabbro, monzonite and alkali feldspar syenite) and a subsequent caldera formation. Finally, a small scale eruption of leucite bearing trachyandesite lava in the caldera. Several evidences show that there have been long erosional intervals between the 1st and 2nd stages and between the 4th and 5th stages. A K-Ar age for trachybasalt lava of the 1st stage was determined to be 1.8 Ma, and a $C^{14}$ age, 9300Y. (Machida, 1981) is available for these volcanic events. Therefore, it is considered that volcanic activity of the island above sea level began at least in early Pleistocene, and continued to until 9300 years ago exploding large amount of pumice, prior to pouring out of leucite bearing trachyandesite from the inner caldera. Using solidification index (SI) of Kuno, microscopic texture and mineral composition as criteria of the classification, the volcanic rocks are classified into alkali basalt, trachybasalt, trachyandesite, trachyte and phonolite. These are mostly prophyritic in texture. Main constituent minerals of alkali basalt and trachybasalt are plagioclase, olivine, Ti-augite and magnetite. Principal minerals of trachyandesite are plagioclase, anorthoclase, clinopyroxenes, kaersutite, biotite and magnetite. Trachyte and phonolite consist mainly of anorthoclase, clinopyroxene and magnetite, showing typical trachytic texture in groundmass. In solidification index, alkali basalt ranges from 39 to 27, trachybasalt 17 to 14, trachyandesite 12 to 9 and trachyte 8.15 to 0.72. A trend of compositional variation showing a typical alkali volcanic rock series is revealed on $SiO_2$-oxides and SI-oxides diagrams. In $SiO_2$-total alkali diagram, alkali lime index and An-Ab'-Or diagram, the samples fall into the fields of potassic series of the alkali volcanic rock series, whereas in A-F-M diagram show a trend toward the alkali enrichment with a curve approaching toward the iron apex. In particular, trachybasalt lavas in this island have higher total iron contents which is comparable to alkali rocks in other areas, e. g. as Gough and Tristan volcanic islands located near the Mid-Oceanic ridge in South Atlantic Ocean.

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쇄석 골재의 광물학적 특성 및 알칼리-골재 반응성 (The Petrographic Properties and Alkali-Aggregate Reaction of Crushed Stones)

  • 전쌍순;박현재;이효민;황진연;진치섭
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2002
  • In Korea, due to the shortcomings of natural aggregates and increasing needs of crushed stones, it is necessary to examine the alkali-aggregate reaction of the crushed stones. The purpose of this study is to analyze petrographic properties and alkali-aggregate reaction of crushed stones This study was peformed to investigate the alkali-aggregate reaction of crushed stones using chemical analysis, physical properties, XRD, XRF and mortar-bar method.

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