• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

흙의 다짐 특성에 영향을 주는 주요인자 중 하나인 온도는 지역과 계절에 따라 다양하게 변화하는 특성을 가진다. 최근 동토지방에서 많은 토목공사가 시행되고 있지만, 온도와 관련된 흙의 다짐기준 및 지침을 정량화할 수 있는 문헌은 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 온도에 따른 흙의 다짐특성을 시험을 통해 평가하고자 하였다. 시험을 위해 러시아 시베리아, 캐나다 앨버타 주 오일 샌드 지역 등에서 자주 쓰이는 성토재료인 모래의 온도별 다짐특성을 나타낼 수 있는 주문진 모래를 사용하였으며, 표준다짐시험을 흙의 다양한 온도조건($-10^{\circ}C$에서 $17^{\circ}C$)에서 수행하였다. 시험 결과 영상 온도에서는 다짐 시 벌킹 효과로 인해 흙 공시체의 부피 팽창이 발생하였으며, 그 범위는 0%~6%이였다. $0^{\circ}C$에서 $17^{\circ}C$까지 온도가 증가하면서 최대 부피(최소 건조단위중량)에 해당하는 함수비는 감소하였고, 최소 부피(최대 건조단위중량)에 해당하는 함수비는 온도가 증가함에 따라 약간 증가하였다. 영하 온도의 경우 함수비가 추가됨에 따라 건조단위중량은 지속적으로 감소하였다. 영하 온도에서는 벌킹이 발생하지 않았으며 물의 단위부피보다 얼음의 단위부피가 더 크기 때문에 흙 공시체의 부피가 증가하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1429-1436
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• 2006

Fermentation characteristics, nutrient retention and aerobic stability of barley silages prepared using 6 commercial inoculants were evaluated using 126 mini-silos (3-L) in a completely randomized design. Whole barley forage was chopped, wilted to 39% DM and treated with water (control, S) or one of six inoculants: A (containing Lactobacillus plantarum); B (L. plantarum and Enterococcus faecium); C (L. plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae); D (L. plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii, plus hydrolytic enzymes); E (Lactobacillus buchneri plus hydrolytic enzymes); F (L. buchneri and P. pentosaceus plus hydrolytic enzymes). Samples of treated forage were collected for analysis at the time of ensiling, and then 18 silos of each treatment were filled, capped and weighed. Triplicate silos were weighed and opened after 1, 3, 5, 7, 33, and 61 d. On d 61, $400{\pm}5g$ of material from each silo was placed in 1-L styrofoam containers, covered with cheesecloth and held at room temperature. Silage temperature was recorded hourly for 14 d via implanted thermocouple probes. Chemical composition of the forage at ensiling was consistent with previously reported values. At d 61, pH was lowest (p<0.01) in silage S. Ammonia-N was lower (p<0.05) in silage A than in silages S, B, E, or F. Compared to pre-ensiling values, water soluble carbohydrate concentrations were elevated in silages S, A, B, C and D, and decreased in E and F. Lactic acid concentrations were similar (p>0.10) across treatments. Acetic acid levels were highest (p<0.01) in silage E and lowest (p<0.01) in silage D. Recovery of DM was lower (p<0.01) in silage F than in silages S, A, B, C, or D. On d 61, yeasts were most numerous (p<0.01) in silage D, which was the only silage in which temperature rose more than $2^{\circ}C$ above ambient during aerobic exposure. Silage D also had the highest (p<0.01) pH and ADIN content after aerobic exposure. Lactic acid and WSC content of silage D decreased dramatically during the 14-d aerobic exposure period. Yeast counts (at d 14 of exposure) were lowest (p<0.01) in silages E and F. In general, the commercial inoculants did not appear to enhance the fermentation of barley silage to any appreciable extent in laboratory silos.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.755-765
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• 2013

The accumulation of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is a potential problem in the modern swine breeds in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the pedigrees of Chinese Duroc (CD), Landrace (CL) and Yorkshire (CY) swine to estimate the past and current rates of inbreeding, and to identify the main causes of genetic diversity loss. Pedigree files from CD, CL and CY containing, 4529, 16,776 and 22,600 records, respectively, were analyzed. Pedigree completeness indexes of the three breeds, accounting for one generation back, were 83.72, 93.93 and 93.59%, respectively. The estimated average annual inbreeding rates for CD, CL and CY in recent three years were 0.21, 0.19 and 0.13%, respectively. The estimated average percentage of genetic diversity loss within each breed in recent three years was about 8.92, 2.19, and 3.36%, respectively. The average relative proportion of genetic diversity loss due to unequal contributions of founders in CD, CL and CY was 69.09, 57.95 and 60.57%, and due to random genetic drift was 30.91, 42.05 and 39.43%, respectively. The estimated current effective population size for CD, CL and CY was 76, 117 and 202, respectively. Therefore, CD has been found to have lost considerable genetic diversity, demanding priority for optimizing the selection and mating to control future coancestry and inbreeding. Unequal contribution of founders was a major cause of genetic diversity loss in Chinese swine breeds and random genetic drift also showed substantial impact on the loss of diversity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3299-3304
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• 2014

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyze whether Homer1 is a potential prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and Methods: The expression of Homer1 in ICC tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry and levels of protein in ICC and paratumor tissues were evaluated by Western blotting. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to assess prognostic significance. Results: Homer1 expression was high in 67.4% (58/86) of ICC samples, and there was significant difference between ICC and adjacent noncancerous tissues (p<0.001); high expression was associated with poor histologic differentiation (p=0.019), TNM stage (p=0.014), lymph node metastasis (p=0.040), and lymphatic invasion (p=0.025). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressors of Homer1 revealed a highly significant difference in OS (p=0.001) and DFS (p=0.006), indicating that high expression of Homer1 was linked with a worse prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that Homer1 expression was an independent risk factor predicting overall survival[Hazard ratio(HR), 7.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.63-21.47; p=0.002] and disease-free survival (HR, 11.56; 95%CI, 5.17-25.96; p<0.001) in ICC. Conclusions: Homer1 promotes lymphatic invasion and associates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ICC. The current study shows that Homer1 may be an independent prognostic factor for ICC patients after curative resection, and it provides an important basis for screening/treating high-risk patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to assess seasonal variation of feed utilization by feed sources and to obtain information on the use of feed resources by comparing seasonal changes of dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior in spotted deer (Cervus nippon) fed forest by-product silage (FBS) and corn silage (CS). Dry matter intake (DMI) of FBS was higher than that of CS in both winter and summer. While DMI of both diets was higher in summer, this was not significant at the 5% level. In contrast to DMI, digestible dry matter intake (DDMI) was higher for CS than for FBS in both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was significantly higher (p<0.01) for CS than for FBS, whereas digestibility of crude fiber was significantly higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS in both seasons. Seasonal digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber for FBS was significantly greater (p<0.01) in summer than in winter: In summer, seasonal digestibility was 57.2% for dry matter and 55.5% for crude fiber, and in winter, 50.8% for dry matter and 30.7% for crude fiber. On the other hand, seasonal digestibility of crude protein was higher (p<0.01) in winter (42.1%) than in summer (32.3%). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the two seasons and diets for nitrogen intake (NI), 18.7 g/d in summer and 19.4 g/d in winter for FBS, 17.7 g/d in summer and 17.7 g/d in winter for CS. Fecal nitrogen was higher (p<0.01) for FBS than for CS and varied little seasonally. There was significant difference (p<0.01) between two seasons in urinary nitrogen, which was little difference between two diets. Retained nitrogen (RN) was different significantly (p<0.01) between two diets in both seasons, but there was little difference between seasons. Deer usually spent longer time on eating FBS than eating CS. Eating FBS took 221 min in summer and 187 min in winter, whereas eating CS took 113 min in summer and 109 min in winter. Deer spent less time on eating food in winter than in summer. Time spent on rumination was longer for FBS than for CS: for FBS, 504 min in summer and 456 min in winter, for CS, 423 min in summer and 279 min in winter. Time varied seasonally with both diets.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

본 연구는 조음속도를 사용하여 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인의 말운동 특성과 운동기술 학습 능력을 비교하고, 언어적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구 참여자는 말더듬 성인 11명, 일반 성인 11명이었다. 각 참여자는 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 다른 4개의 문장(짧고 단순한 문장, 길고 단순한 문장, 길고 복잡한 문장, 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장)을 반복해서 산출하였으며, 문장별로 전체 조음속도 및 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 언어적 복잡성과 상관없이 말더듬 성인은 일반 성인보다 전체 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긴 문장들이 짧고 단순한 문장보다 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도 비교 결과, 두 집단은 모든 문장에서 중간 4개 문장과 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 첫 3개 문장의 조음속도보다 유의하게 빠른 모습을 보였다. 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도보다 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 유의하게 빨라 지속적인 연습효과를 보인 반면, 다른 세 개의 문장들은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도와 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 말더듬 성인이 일반 성인보다 상대적으로 미숙한 말운동통제 능력을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 문장의 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였다. 또한 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인은 문장을 반복적으로 산출하며 조음속도가 빨라지는 연습효과를 보였으며, 연습효과가 나타나는 패턴은 두 집단이 비슷하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2019

Objective : Penumbra ACE68 reperfusion catheter is a new large bore aspiration catheter used for reperfusion of large vessel occlusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of this catheter in comparison to that of previous Penumbra catheters in patients with acute ischemic stroke related to internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Methods : Data of all eligible patients who received endovascular treatment (EVT) for ICA occlusion using Penumbra aspiration catheters between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. After dividing into two groups according to use of penumbra ACE68, baseline characteristics of patients, successful recanalization rate, puncture to recanalization time, and switch to stent base technique rate were assessed. Successful recanalization was defined by a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score ${\geq}2b$ and favorable functional outcome was defined according to modified Rankin scale (score, 0-2). Results : ACE68 reperfusion catheter was used in 29 of 75 eligible patients (39%). The puncture to recanalization time was significantly shorter ($26{\pm}18.2$ minutes vs. $40{\pm}24.9$ minutes, p=0.011) and the rate of switch to stent-based retrieval was significantly lower (3% vs. 20%, p=0.046) in ACE68 catheter group. Moreover, although not statistically significant, the successful recanalization rate was higher (83% vs. 76%, p=0.492) in ACE68 catheter group. Favorable functional outcome was observed in 48% of patients treated with ACE68 reperfusion catheter and in 30% of patients treated using other Penumbra systems (p=0.120). Baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores ${\geq}8$ (odds ratio [OR], 9.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-54.99; p=0.010) and successful recanalization (OR, 10.20; 95% CI, 1.13-92.46; p=0.039) were independent predictors of favorable outcome. Conclusion : EVT using ACE68 reperfusion catheter can be considered a first-line therapy in patients with acute ICA occlusion as it can achieve rapid recanalization and reduce the frequency of conversion to stent-retrieve therapy.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.971-986
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 중·고령자의 다양한 사회활동 참여가 치매 진단의 1차적 기준이 되는 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며 이를 위해 2006년 고령화 연구패널 자료를 활용하여 만 45세 이상 중·고령자들의 사회활동 참여와 인지기능 점수간의 관계를 분석하였다. 사회활동의 유형은 김영범·이승훈(2008)의 연구에서 정의한 종교활동, 여가활동, 공공집단 활동과 연고집단 활동으로 분류하였으며 인지기능을 측정하는 MMSE-K의 원점수를 분석에 사용하였고 사회경제수준과 건강수준을 통제변수로 사용하였다. 만 45세 이상 중·고령자 전체를 분석한 결과 종교활동과 여가활동이 인지기능에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 연령과 성별을 층화하여 중년 남성, 여성집단과 고령 남성, 여성집단으로 분석한 결과 중년 남성집단에서는 여가활동이 유의하였으며 중년 여성에서는 4가지 사회활동이 모두 유의하지 않았다. 고령 남성과 여성에서는 종교활동과 여가활동이 모두 인지기능에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 고령 여성의 공공집단 활동 참여가 인지기능에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과를 통해 중년자들의 사회활동 참여보다 고령자의 종교활동과 여가 활동의 참여가 인지기능 장애와 치매예방에 더 긍정적인 영향을 준다고 볼 수 있으며 이를 근거로 노인들이 건전한 여가활동을 누릴 수 있도록 체계적인 정책과 지원의 확대가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1266-1278
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• 2021

Objective: We aimed to compare the aortic valve area (AVA) calculated using fast high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition with that of the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cine MR technique. Materials and Methods: We included 139 consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 68.5 ± 9.4 years) with aortic valvular stenosis (AS) and 21 asymptomatic controls (52.3 ± 14.2 years). High-resolution T2-prepared 3D steady-state free precession (SSFP) images (2.0 mm slice thickness, 10 contiguous slices) for 3D planimetry (3DP) were acquired with a single breath hold during mid-systole. 2D SSFP cine MR images (6.0 mm slice thickness) for 2D planimetry (2DP) were also obtained at three aortic valve levels. The calculations for the effective AVA based on the MR images were compared with the transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) measurements using the continuity equation. Results: The mean AVA ± SD derived by 3DP, 2DP, and TTE in the AS group were 0.81 ± 0.26 cm², 0.82 ± 0.34 cm², and 0.80 ± 0.26 cm², respectively (p = 0.366). The intra-observer agreement was higher for 3DP than 2DP in one observer: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91), respectively, for observer 1 and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), respectively, for observer 2. Inter-observer agreement was similar between 3DP and 2DP, with the ICC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.93), respectively. 3DP-derived AVA showed a slightly higher agreement with AVA measured by TTE than the 2DP-derived AVA, with the ICC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91) vs. 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.89). Conclusion: High-resolution 3D MR image acquisition, with single-breath-hold SSFP sequences, gave AVA measurement with low observer variability that correlated highly with those obtained by TTE.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

최근 오일샌드와 같은 비전통에너지 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있는 동토 지역은 지반의 유기물 함유량이 높아 일반적인 지반과 다른 열적·역학적 특성을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 캐나다 앨버타주와 국내 강원도에서 채취한 동토 시료를 대상으로 다양한 실내시험을 통해 유기물 함유량이 토양의 열적 및 역학적 거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 유기물 함유량이 증가할수록 다짐시험에서 최대 건조단위중량은 감소하고 최적 함수비는 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 동결 일축 압축시험에서는 동결온도가 낮아질수록 시료의 강도가 증가했으나, 모든 시료는 동결 조건에서 얼음 및 부동수분의 양에 따라 복잡한 거동을 보여 유기물 함유량이 강도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 열전도도 측정시험에서는 동결 조건에서 비동결 조건보다 열전도도가 더 크게 측정되었고, 이는 물보다 얼음의 열전도도가 더 크기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한, 유기물 함유량이 증가할수록 부동 수분량도 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 극한지 건설 프로젝트에서 지반 공학적 설계 및 시공에 중요한 엔지니어링 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.