• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 1997

Mediastinum is the space located between the right & left lung lobes in the center of the thorax, and contains many vital organs such as heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, vagus nerve, lymphatics. So the infection of mediastinal space causes a serious and potentially fatal process. Like other infections, surgical drainage, aggressive antibiotic therapy and supportive care are recommended for optimal outcome. Airway management in the presence of the neck, glottic edema, elevation of the tongue is a formidible problem especially in the case from odontogenic origin. We have recently encountered such a case resulting in a number of local and systemic complications.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 1997

Nager syndrome is a rare malformation complex characterized by facial, limb, and skeletal morphogenesis. The mode of inheritance has not been definitely established. Major karyotypic abnormalities were seldom associated with this syndrome. We report on an infant with Nager acrofacial dysostosis that was associated with 45,X monosomy. This baby was born to a 36-year-old multigravid woman after 37 weeks of gestation and with maternal hydramnios. The baby girl died of airway obstruction due to retruded tongue 3 hours after birth. Phenotypically, this this patient had mandibulofacial dysostosis, radioulnar synostosis, hypoplasia and aplasia of thumbs, peripheral edema and apparently normal genital organs. We confirmed that major chromosomal anomaly including 45,X monosomy could be associated with Nager syndrome, although its pathogenetic significance remains unanswered.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.7.3-7
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• 1982

기관지내의 삽관은 전신마취나 인위적인 기도확보를 위해 흔히 시행되며, 그것의 유용성은 재론의 여지가 없다. 그러나 기관내 삽관후에 후두종창 궤양 그리고 육아종이 합병증으로 가끔 생기며 또한 성대마비도 드물게 온다. 최근에 저자들은 충수절제술을 위한 기관삽관마취후에 애성을 동반한 좌측 성대마비를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2017

Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly that causes inspiratory stridor and airway obstruction in the newborn. Symptoms begin to appear after weeks of age, become worse at 4-8 months, improve between 8-12 months, and usually heal naturally at 12-18 months. Despite these common natural processes, the symptoms of the disease can be very diverse and, in severe cases, require surgical treatment. The diagnosis can be made by suspicion of clinical symptoms and direct observation of the larynx with the spontaneous breathing of the child. Typical laryngeal features include omega-shaped epiglottis, retroflexed epiglottis, short aryepiglottic fold, poor visualization of the vocal folds, and edema of the posterior glottis, including inspiratory supra-arytenoid tissue prolapse. In this review, we discuss the classification and treatment based on symptoms and laryngoscopic findings in patients with laryngomalacia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.253-253
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• 1997

가토의 적출폐장보고시험의 모델을 이용하여 폐세척웅액과 폐장보존용액의 온도를 제 1군은 4℃로 제 2군은 10℃로 하여 6시간동안 적출폐장보존후에 재관류시켜 각각의 온도차이에 따른 폐기보존효과를 비교 실험하였으며 각 군은 10례씩으로 하였다. 폐정맥혈액산소분압, 폐포-동맥간 산소분압 차, 폐동 맥압 및 폐혈관저항은제 1군보다제 2군이 재관류동안에 성적이 우수하였으며 기도내압, 폐탄성도및 폐부종의 정도는 두 군간에 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 결론적으로 가토의 적출폐기 보존온도에 따른 실험에서 10℃의 폐수*용액과 폐기보존온도가 4℃보다 재순환시 폐기능의 회복이 우수하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 1995

Cytokine release from alveolar macrophages and subsequent interaction of these cytokines with the bronchial epithelium can induce epithelial cells to release inflammatory mediators. Nitric oxide(NO), a highly reactive gas formed from arginine by nitric oxide synthase(NOS), is known to be involved in inflammation and edema formation, and the inducible form of NOS(iNOS) can be increased by cytokines. In this context, we hypothesized that lung epithelial cells could be stimulated by cytokines released by alveolar macrophages to express iNOS. To test this hypothesis, the murine lung epithelial cell line, LA-4, or the human lung epithelial cell line, A549, were stimulated with culture supernatant fluids from alveolar macrophages. NO production was assessed by evaluating the culture supernatant fluids for nitrite and nitrate, the stable end products of NO. Both murine and human cell culture supernatant fluids demonstrated an increase in nitrite and nitrate which were time- and dose-dependent and attenuated by $TNF{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ antibodies(p<0.05, all comparisons). Consistent with these observations, cytomix a combination of $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and $\gamma$-interferon, stimulated the lung epithelial cell lines as well as primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells to increase their NO production as evidenced by an increase in nitrite and nitrate in their culture supernatant fluids, an increase in the iNOS staining by immunocytochemistry, and an increase in iNOS mRNA by Northern blottin(p<0.05, all comparisons). The cytokine effects on iNOS were all attenuated by dexamethasone. To determine if these in vitro observations are reflected in vivo, exhaled NO was measured and found to be increased in asthmatics not receiving corticosteroids. These data demonstrate that alveolar macrophage derived cytokines increase iNOS expression in lung epithelial cells and that these in vitro observations are mirrored by increased exhaled NO levels in asthmatics. Increased NO in the lung may contribute to edema formation and airway narrowing.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2002

Intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint are routine procedure for maxillofacial fracture and orthognathic surgery. When these methods could obstruct oral airway the patients who kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint in their mouth, are very difficult to breath after surgery. Nasal bleeding and pharyngeal edema due to nasotracheal intubation, residual effect of muscle relaxants, and anesthetic agent could be contributing factor of airway obstruction. In this study, pulmonary function test was evaluated before and after intermaxillary fixation, and intermaxillary fixation with occusal splint in 22 volunteers. The results were as follows 1. FVC, %FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1%$, PEF, $PEF_{50}$, MVV without intermaxillary fixtion were 4.45L, 88%, 4.03L, 90.9%, 10.26L/s, 5.53L/s, and 136.14L/min, and with intermaxillary fixation were 3.51L, 68.67%, 3.06L, 69.39L, 6.52L/s, 3.94L/s, and 69.39L/min. The results with intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint were 2.15L, 42.41%, 1.71L, 38.81%, 2.83L/s, 1.74L/s, and 37.14L/min. 2. Compared with before and after intermaxillary fixation, all values of pulmonary function test were decreased and after intermaxillary fixation and intermaixillary fixation with occulasal splint, the results were decreased. 3. MVV and PEF were decreased significantly with interaxillary fixtion and occusal splint, and FVC was less decreased. It meant that intermaxillary fixation and occluasal splint induced reduction of respiratory flow significantly, but less reduction of respiratory volume. 4. Intermaxillary fixation and occulsal splint induced increase of airway resistance, decrease of expiratory volume and air flow. So severe respiratory difficulty could be seen to all volunteers who kept intermaxillary fixtion and occusal splint. 5. In classification of respiratory difficulty, intermaxillary fixation with occulsal splint induced complex respiratory difficulty more than intermaxillary fixation only did. From the above results, doctors who care patients kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint should be aware of respiratory depression caused by these treatment.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2003

Background: Snoring in children, is associated Kith adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sinusitis which contribute to upper airway obstruction, so we studied the sinusitis and adenoid size of snoring children with plain radiography Materials and method: Fifty patients having snoring, nasal obstruction in our hospital between November 2001 and November 2002 were studied using plain radiology PNS(water's view) and Neck lateral view(adenoid size with A/N ratio) Results: 1. In oriental medicine, Hu-Bi means laryngopharyngeal edema and obstruction, laryngopharyngeal disease are due to Hwa-Yeoul( fire and hot), sinus disease are due to Fung-Han(wind and cold) and Fung-Yeoul(wind and hot). 2. Age ranged from 2 to 17 year-old ( mean age: 6 years), 5-7 year-old were 18 patients (36%). Age of on set, 25 patients were 1-4 year-old (50%). 3. Of the 50 snoring patients, 37 patients were sinusitis(74%), 20 patients had enlarged adenoid(40%). Of the 20 large adenoid patients, 19 patients were sinusitis(95%). 4. Of the 50 snoring patients, size of tonsil were flowed. Fifteen were severe(3+), 17 patients were moderate(2+) and 15 patients were mild(1+). Of the 20 enlarged adenoid patients, size of tonsil flowed. Five were severe(3+), 11 patients were moderate(2+) and 4 patients were mild(1+). Conclusion : Of the 50 Snoring patients, 37 patients showed sinusitis(74%), 32 patients showed large tonsil(64%), 20 patients showed large adenoid(40%).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.59-61
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• 2011

Obstructive Fibrinous Tracheal Pseudomenbrane (OFTP) is a rarely known but potentially fatal complication of endotracheal intubation. Sudden respiratory failure shortly after extubation is not infrequent in the ICU. However, these cases are commonly diagnosed as laryngospasm, retention of secretion or laryngeal edema. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 6-day history of progressive dyspnea. She had undergone invasive ventilator care for 24 hours. The patient was discharged from the hospital with improvement after having an extubation. However, after 3 days she revisited the emergency department with progressive dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with OFTP from the results of chest CT and bronchoscopy. This is the first case studied in detail using CT images, pulmonary function test, and bronchoscopy.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2023

A 7-year-old castrated male Pomeranian dog presented with severe goose honking cough and dyspnea. Thoracic radiographs revealed a narrowed tracheal diameter at the thoracic inlet, classified as tracheal collapse grade 4. Despite medical treatment, the dog's life-threatening airway obstruction did not improve. Subsequently, tracheal stent placement resulted in a significant improvement in respiratory condition, with no recurrence of symptoms observed during the 4-month period, except for coughing induced by excitement and anxiety. However, the patient presented with a one-week history of productive cough, exercise intolerance, and loss of appetite. Radiographs and computed tomography scans revealed torsion of the left cranial lung lobe. The patient underwent affected lung lobectomy, which involved the removal of the necrotized cranial portion and heavily congested caudal portion. Unfortunately, the patient did not recover and eventually passed away. Histopathological examination of the resected lung tissue confirmed coagulative necrosis and marked peribronchiolar edema, consistent with lung lobe torsion.