• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.722-728
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• 2005

In this paper, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline on emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiency characteristics were investigated in a multiple-point EFI gasoline engine, The results show that with the increase of ethanol concentration in the blended fuels, THC emissions were drastically reduced by up to thirty percent, And brake specific fuel consumption was increased, but brake specific energy consumption could be improved. However, unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde emissions increased. Pt/Rh based three-way catalysts were effective to reduce acetaldehyde emissions, but had low catalytic conversion efficiency for unburned ethanol. The effect of ethanol on CO and NOx emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiency had close relation to the engine's speed, load and air/fuel ratio. Furthermore fuels blended with thirty percent ethanol by volume could dramatically reduced THC CO and NOx emissions at idle speed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Since the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) system has an advantage of higher power and lower emission characteristics than the mixer type fuel supply system, many studies and applications have been conducted. However, the heat extraction, due to the evaporation of liquid fuel, causes not only a dropping of LPG fuel but also icing phenomenon that is a frost of moisture in the air around the nozzle tip. Because both lead to a difficulty in the control of accurate air fuel ratio, it can result in poor engine performance and a large amount of HC emissions. The experimental investigation was carried out on the bench test rig in this study. It was found that n-butane, that has a relatively high boiling point($-0.5^{\circ}C$), was a main species of droplet composition and also found that the droplet problem was improved by the use of a large inner to outer bore ratio nozzle whose surface roughness is smooth. The icing phenomena were decreased when the an engine head temperature was increased, although a large amount of icing deposit was still observed in the case of $87^{\circ}C$. Also, it was observed that the icing phenomenon is improved by using anti-icing bushing.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

산업혁명의 발달로 인해 급격하게 증가된 온실가스 배출량을 저감하기 위해 배기 배출물 규제가 계속해서 강화되고 있다. 이를 만족시키기 위해선 친환경 연료의 사용은 필수적이다. 미래의 친환경 연료로서 수소가 주목받고 있지만, 물질적 특성으로 인해 취급과 보관에 큰 어려움을 겪고 있어, 이에 대안으로 암모니아가 제안되었다. 암모니아는 수소 대비 상온 조건에서 쉽게 액화가 가능하며, 에너지밀도가 높다. 이에 엔진의 연료로서 암모니아의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 직접분사식 암모니아 전소 엔진에서 연소제어인자의 변경에 따른 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험은 점화시기(Spark Timing)와 공기과잉률(Excess Air Ratio) 두 개의 변수를 변경하여 실험을 진행하였다.엔진 속도 1,500 RPM 및 중부하 이상(제동 토크 200 Nm)의 조건에서 암모니아 전소를 하였을 때, 연소 안정성과 질소산화물, 미연 암모니아 등의 배기 배출물의 경향을 관찰하였다. 연소제어인자의 최적화를 통해 암모니아만을 연료로 사용한 경우에도 안정적인 연소가 가능한 조건을 찾을 수 있었고, 향후 운전영역 확장을 위한 전략을 적용할 계획이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2002

This study analyzed the dependence of part load performance of simple cycle gas turbines on their design performance. Various parametric calculations were carried out to examine effects of design temperature ratio, pressure ratio and component efficiencies using a simplified analysis. In addition, a more practical analysis was done for realistic design conditions with the aid of a comprehensive performance analysis program. The results show that gas turbines with higher design performance exhibit less efficiency degradation during part load operation. The influence of power control method (fuel only centre) and air flow control) on part load performance was examined as well.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2015

This paper investigates the failure of a car with a 2.5-liter CRDi engine of the Hyundai Company. The failure is caused by intermittent poor acceleration while driving. To analyze the cause, we investigated the air intake volume, the fuel injection, and the air-fuel ratio, which were determined to be normal. The brake switch signal error was discovered while analyzing the function that limits the output of the engine. While investigating the cause, we discovered the corrosion of the pins on the connector of the brake switch. We determined that it was generated by soapy water flowing in the solar film. Therefore, the cause of the failure was the brake switch signal errors. Additionally, we determined that ECM was the normal fail-safe mode that implemented the override device for safety during normal acceleration. Based on these results, further solar film experiments must be conducted to fully elucidate the causes.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

Syngas, also known as synthesis gas, synthetic gas, or producer gas, is a combustible gas mixture generated when organic material (biomass) is heated in a gasifier with a limited airflow at a high temperature and elevated pressure. The present research was aimed at modifying the existing LPG engine generator for fully operated syngas. During this study, the designed gasifier-powered woodchip biomass was used for syngas production to generate power. A 6.0 kW LPG engine generator was modified and tested for operation on syngas. In the experiments, syngas and LPG fuels were tested as test fuels. For syngas production, 3 kg of dry woodchips were fed and burnt into the designed downdraft gasifier. The gasifier was connected to a blower coupled with a slider to help the air supply and control the ignition. The convection cooling system was connected to the syngas flow pipe for cooling the hot produce gas and filtering the impurities. For engine modification, a customized T-shaped flexible air/fuel mixture control device was designed for adjusting the correct stoichiometric air-fuel ratio ranging between 1:1.1 and 1.3 to match the combustion needs of the engine. The composition of produced syngas was analyzed using a gas analyzer and its composition was; 13~15 %, 10.2~13 %, 4.1~4.5 %, and 11.9~14.6 % for CO, H₂, CH₄, and CO₂ respectively with a heating value range of 4.12~5.01 MJ/Nm³. The maximum peak power output generated from syngas and LPG was recorded using a clamp-on power meter and found to be 3,689 watts and 5,001 watts, respectively. The results found from the experiment show that the LPG engine generator operated on syngas can be adopted with a de-ration rate of 73.78 % compared to its regular operating fuel.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2020

수소 연료를 적용한 2행정 기반의 소형 SI 엔진의 성능 특성에 관하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 주로 모형 항공기용으로 사용되는 210 cc급 엔진을 비롯하여 소형 동력계 및 수소연료와 엔진 오일 공급을 위한 장치를 포함한 실험을 구성하였다. 우선 가솔린 연료를 공급한 기본 상태의 엔진 출력과 토크를 측정해 보았으며, 최대 6 kW 수준의 출력을 확인하였다. 이후 수소 연료를 공급하면서 성능 시험을 수행하였는데, 수소의 경우에는 공기과잉율 기준 공연비가 낮아질수록 즉, 연료 공기 혼합기가 농후해 질수록 역화 현상이 발생하여 출력에 제한이 생길 뿐만 아니라 엔진 하드웨어에도 치명적인 영향을 줌을 확인하였다. 따라서 공기과잉율을 기준 수치 이상에서 엔진을 운전하며 안정적인 수준의 연소를 통하여 가솔린 성능의 절반 수준인 최대 3 kW 의 출력 성능이 나옴을 최종 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3311-3316
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• 2007

To analyze the influence of valve overlap period on a backfire occurrence, the single cylinder research engine with MCVVT(Mechanical Continuous Variable Valve Timing) system is developed and backfire limit equivalence ratio defined as fuel-air ratio equivalence ratio at which backfire occurs is examined according to various valve overlap period. The MCVVT is the system to control valve overlap period by mechanical device. It is estimated that the lower valve overlap period has the higher backfire limit equivalence ratio though the same energy is supplied. When the valve overlap period is changed from 30$^{circ}$ CA to 0$^{circ}$ CA, backfire limit equivalence ratio is increased 74%, approximately. It means that valve overlap period is concern in backfire occurrence, and may be one of the methods for controlling back fire occurred in a $H_2$ engine.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2002

This paper presents an investigation on $C_2$, CH, OH radicals and NOx emissions in partially premixed flames with acoustic excitation. The radicals are visualized by the digital image technique with optical filters and ICCD camera while NOx emissions are determined by a chemiluminescent detection(NOx analyser). The measurements are made in flames with an overall equivalence ratio (${\phi}_o$) 0.5 and a center tube equivalence ratio(${\phi}_c$) varing from 1.1 to 5.0 for a constant fuel flow rate. In the case of excitation, the visual shape of the flame is changed from laminar to turbulent-like flames. Images of $C_2$, CH, and OH radicals resemble those of the flame appearances as the excitation phase is varied, and the radicals generated at the upstream are convected toward the downstream. It is inferred that the flame characteristics is affected by the flow characteristics of air-fuel mixture. In the case of acoustic excitation, OH radicals are much increased relative to unexcitation. From the radicals and flame visualization under acoustic excitation, the reduction of flame length affects the shorter residence time of center tube mixture, and significantly influences the NOx reduction.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the ideal manner and ratio to inject gasoline and DME simultaneously into intake port, and moreover to confirm the characteristics of combustion and emission of engine. Experimental conditions are 1200 rpm, compression ratio 8.5, intake air temperature (383 K). Internal cylinder pressure was collected to confirm the characteristics of combustion in order to calculate the heat release rate in the cylinder. In addition, HORIBA (MEXA 7100) which was possible analyzing emissions (NOx, CO, HC) was used. Vanguard gasoline engine (23HP386447) was used in this experiment. The result show that fuel design (DME-Gasoline) leads to the decrease of low temperature heat release, which is a benefit for higher-load on the HCCI engine. Also, IMEP and the indicated thermal efficiency increase with combustion-phasing retard, and these observations can be explained by considering the control of low temperature oxidation of DME.