• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

The purpose of present study is to find design parameters and operating conditions of the HVAC system in a subway platform. The simulation was carried out for the flow, heat and mass transfer for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning(HVAC) environments in the subway platform. The steady-state. incompressible flow assumption and standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are adopted. The location of HVAC air inlet above platform and the volume flow rate of curtain air released from inlet B are chosen as main parameters in this study. The results of present study are following: In the case of existence of train, the heat and contaminant released under the train have no effect on the average temperature and mass fraction of contaminant in the platform, but heat released on the train has influence on the average temperature in the platform. Train acts as an obstacle to exhaust the contaminant in the platform, but has good effect on the average temperature in the platform.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2009

The present study has been preformed to investigate the effect of obstacles around a cooling tower with air-guide to prevent recirculation. The external region as well as the cooling tower are included in the computational domain to analyze the flow phenomena around a cooling tower accurately. Three-dimensional analysis is performed using the finite volume method with non-orthogonal and unstructured grid system. The standard turbulence model is used to consider the turbulence effect. In order to investigate the recirculation phenomena, flow and temperature fields are calculated with the distance between cooling tower and obstacle, the allocated geometrical type and the air-guide. The moisture fraction rates decrease with increment of the distance between cooling tower and obstacle. The effect of air-guide to reduce the mean recirculation rate is obviously observed.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2008

Psychrometric chart displays graphically the thermophysical properties of moist air, so it is very conveniently used in air-conditioning and refrigeration. On general psychrometric chart, there are dry bulb temperature, web bulb temperature, absolute humidity ratio, relative humidity, specific enthalpy, specific volume, sensible heat factor, and enthalpy-humidity difference ratio. However, various state and process values besides aboves can be plotted on psychrometric chart. In this study, we developed the software drawing twenty kinds of lines, that is vapor pressure, mole fraction ratio of vapor, dew point temperature, degree of saturation, density, specific entropy, specific exergy, contact or bypass factor, uncomfort index, discomposition index, predicted mean vote index, predicted percent dissatisfied, and so on. We wish to this software is a help to design, analysis and education.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재의 기공함유율을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 절차를 제시하였다. 고려한 복합재는 두 종류이며 오토클레이브 공법과 필라멘트와인딩 공법에 의해 제작하였다. 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재의 기공함유율은 공기 중에서와 물 속에서의 무게에서 구한 복합재의 밀도와 구성재의 밀도, 그리고 산처리법과 고온연소법을 적용하여 구한 무게함유율과 부피함유율을 이용하여 평가하였다. 또한 FE-SEM을 통해 탄소섬유 표면을 관찰하여 복합재 내의 수지 제거 여부도 조사하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 복합재 내의 수지는 산처리법이나 고온연소법을 적용하면 충분히 제거할 수 있으며 구성재의 무게함유율과 부피함유율 그리고 복합재의 기공함유율은 본 연구에서 제시된 절차를 적용하면 정량적으로 평가할 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1991년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.311-315
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• 1991

The formation and transition of 2212 and 2223 phase have been studied in BPSCCO system. The 2212 phase formed in early sintering state reacts on $Ca_2PbO_4,\;Ca_2CuO_3$ and CuO during sintering process and thus produces the 2223 phase. A long sintering period is need to fabricate the superconductor with large volume fraction of 2223 phase. Also, the thin plate-like grains composed of Bi, Sr, Ca and Cu contribute to 2223 phase formation. Though the sample has lower volume fraction of 2223 phase, the critical temperature is measured highly in case of the grain grown to plate-like shape. In this work, the critical temperature of the sample sintered for 264 hr in air was measured 108 K. Microstructure of the sample was varied with condition of heat treatment after sintering process and the sample annealed with $500^{\circ}C$ for 5 hr showed excellent charateristics of 2223 phase formation.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2000

Squeeze casting was performed to fabricate the SiC whisker reinforced magnesium matrix composites, and the suitability of the squeeze casting for the production of the sound composites was determined by micro/macro-structures observations and tensile test. The two-directional infiltration of the melt and the removal of air during infiltration using the devised mold were necessary to produce the composites. The pressure of 100 MPa was effective for the production of composites with the SiC whisker volume fraction of 30%, but the pressure should be lower than 50 MPa in case of below 20% in the volume fraction. The SiC whiskers in the squeeze cast composites were randomly and densely aligned, and the SiC whiskers/magnesium interfaces were continuously well-bonded. The elastic modulus, 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength in the composite were about 2.5times, l0times and 4times as large as those of magnesium, respectively, indicating that the squeeze casting sufficiently provides the high strength magnesium composites reinforced with SiC whiskers.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 원뿔형으로 개발된 미세기포형 산기관의 성능향상을 위하여 운용적 측면에서 실험과 전산모사적 방법을 이용하였다. 산기관 잠김깊이의 변화에 대해 성능실험이 용이한 실증 규모의 타워형 생물반응기에 산기관을 장착하여, 잠김깊이가 표준산소전달계수($K_{L}a_{20}$) 및 표준산소전달효율(SOTE) 등 산소전달 성능에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 또한, 2상 유동에 관한 유체역학적 전산모사를 이용하여 산기관 수와 잠김깊이에 대한 유동현상을 파악함으로써 산소전달 성능변화에 대한 원인을 규명하였다. 산소전달 성능실험결과, 산기관의 잠김깊이를 6 m에서 12 m로 증가시킴에 따라 표준산소 전달계수는 7% 증가하였으나 표준산소전달효율은 39~72% (5.6 %/m)로 대폭 상승하였다. 유동 해석결과, 산기관의 수가 증가함에 따라 공기 체적분율 및 공기와 시험수의 유속 모두 증가하였으며, 공기와 시험수의 유속 경향은 유사하게 나타났다. 잠김깊이가 증가함에 따라서 공기 체적분율, 공기 및 시험수의 유속은 조금씩 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 선회 병류유동은 기포류의 확산과 상승속도를 결정하는 주요 인자로서 선회강도가 과도하게 큰 경우에는 기포 체류시간과 체류량이 감소되므로 산소전달 성능을 저하를 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1997년도 제15회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

The soot and OH radical distributions have been experimentally studied in ethylene and propane laminar diffusion flames. The integrated soot volume fraction was measured along the centerline of a flame using a laser light extinction method. Planar laser light scattering and PLIF techniques are employed for the soot and OH radical distribution measurements utilizing Nd:YAG laser and OPO, FDO system. The concentration of OH radical is rapidly decreased at the edge of sooting region, which implies the importance of OH radical species on the soot oxidation process. For ethylene flames, the addition of air in fuel moves the OH radical distribution towards the center line of a flame at the soot oxidation region, while the concentration of OH radical remains relatively high at the soot formation region. The interaction between soot particles and OH radicals becomes more active with fuel-air at the soot oxidation region. For propane flames, however, any indication of the increased interaction between soot particles and OH radicals with fuel-air was not noticed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1355-1362
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• 1999

An experimental study on a double-concentric diffusion flame(DDF) has been carried on in order to Investigate the characteristics of soot formation compared to a normal coflow diffusion flame(NDF). Laser extinction technique has been used for an ethylene($C_2H_4$) and air flame with various flow rates. Soot formation In the double-concentric diffusion flame was enhanced by the inner inverse diffusion flame due to the increase in flame temperature and also suppressed due to the nitrogen-dilution from the inner air. Soot concentration at the flame axis of DDF was higher than that of the NDF, mainly because of the increase of temperature by inner flame. However, the maximum soot volume fraction of DDF was lower than NDF at the outer side of the flame, mainly due to the effect of nitrogen-dilution from the inner air.