• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.492-499
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• 2001

The characteristics of Prand시-Meyer expansion of supersonic flow with condensation along a wavy wall in a channel are investigated by means of experiments and numerical analyses. Experiments are carried out for the case of moist air flow in an intermittent indraft supersonic wind tunnel. The flow fields are visualized by a Schlieren system and the distributions of static pressure along the upper wavy wall are measured by a scanning valve system with pressure transducers. In numerical analyses, the distributions of streamlines, Mach lines, iso-pressure lines, and iso-mass fractions of liquid are obtained by the two-dimensional direct marching method of characteristics. The effects of stagnation temperature, absolute humidity, and attack angle of the upper wavy wall on the generation and the locations of generation and reflection of an oblique shock wave are clarified. Futhermore, it is confirmed that the wavy wall plays an important role in the generation of an oblique shock wave and that the effect of condensation on the flow fields is apparent.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.350-364
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• 1991

The movements of small particles distributed uniformly in a steady flow in rectangular chambers having inlets and outlets were simulated numerically. Low Reynolds number turbulent model with a two-equation ($k-{\varepsilon}$) which describes the turbulent characteristics was applied to predict the air flow pattern and particles movements under the condition of the various locations and size of ducts. The calculation results show that the prediction of recirculation zone and stagnation point of flow is important to determine the particles behavior according to the design change. These results will be useful in designing the rectangular chambers for collective protection.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

When the stagnation temperature of the combustion chamber or ambient air increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any more, and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, except, it will be calorically imperfect and thermally perfect. A new generalized form of the Prandtl Meyer function is developed, by adding the effect of variation of this temperature, lower than the threshold of dissociation. The new relation is presented in the form of integral of a complex analytical function, having an infinite derivative at the critical temperature. A robust numerical integration quadrature is presented in this context. The classical form of the Prandtl Meyer function of a perfect gas becomes a particular case of the developed form. The comparison is made with the perfect gas model for aim to present a limit of its application. The application is for air.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

This experimental study was carried out to examine the heat transfer characteristics of impinging air jet on a flat plate with a set of right angled triangle rods. Each right angled triangle rod in the array was positioned normal to the flow direction and parallel to the flat plate surface. The clearances from a right angled triangle rod to flat plate surface (C=1, 2 and 4 mm) and the distance from nozzle exit to flat plate (H=100 and 500 mm) were changed for the pitch between each right angled triangle rods (P=40 mm). As a result, heat transfer shows best performance at the clearance of C=1 mm, in case clearance changed, and the average heat transfer enhancement rate increased up to 47% compared to the result of a flat plate without a right angled triangle rod.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2002

Temperature is the most influential environment parameter which affects the quality change of agricultural products in cold storage. Therefore, it is essential to keep the uniform temperature distribution in the storage room. This study was performed to analyze the air movement and temperature distribution in the forced recirculating cold storage facility and to simulate optimum storage method of green groceries using 3-D CFD(three dimensional computational fluid dynamics) computer simulation which applied the standard $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model and FVM(finite volume method). The simulation was validated by the experimental results for onion storage and the simulation model was used to simulate the temperature and velocity distribution in the storage room with reference to the change of storage method such as location of storage, no stores, bulk storage, and pallet storage. In case of no stores, internal airflow was circulated without stagnation and consequently air movement and temperature distribution were uniform. In case of bulk storage, air movement was stagnated so much and temperature distribution of onion was not uniform. Furthermore, the inner temperature of onion roses more than the initial temperature of storage. In case of pallet storage, air movement and temperature distribution of onion were so uniform that the danger of quality change was decreased.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3647-3653
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• 2010

An experimental investigation of the flame appearance and heat transfer characteristics in both unexcited and excited impinging inverse diffusion flames with a loud speaker has been performed. The flame is found to become broader and shorter (in length) with acoustic excitation. The heat flux at the stagnation point is increased with the acoustic excitation. The acoustic excitation is more effective in lean conditions than in rich conditions. The reasons for these behaviors are that acoustic excitation improves the entrainment of surrounding air into the jet. From this study, it is found that the maximum increase of 57% in the total heat flux is obtained at the stagnation point of $\Phi$=0.8. Therefore, it is ascertained that the excitation combustion can be adopted with effective instruments as a method for improving heat transfer in impinging jet flames.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.579-588
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• 1997

The heat transfer and flow measurements from a convex curved surface to a circular impinging jet have been made. The flow at the nozzle exit has a fully developed velocity profile. The jet Reynolds number (Re) ranges from 11,000 to 50,000, the dimensionless nozzle-to-surface distance (L/d) from 2 to 10, and the dimensionless surface curvature (d/D) from 0.034 to 0.089. The results show that the stagnation point Nusselt number (N $u_{st}$ ) increases with increasing value of d/D. The maximum Nusselt number at the stagnation point occurs at L/d .ident. 6 to 8 for all Re's and d/D's tested. For larger L/d, N $u_{st}$ dependency on Re is stronger due to an increase of turbulence in the approaching jet as a result of the more active exchange of momentum with a surrounding air. The local Nusselt number decreases monotonically from its maximum value at the stagnation point. However, for L/d=2 and Re=23,000, and for L/d.leq.4 and Re=50,000, the stream wise Nusselt number distributions exhibit secondary maxima at r/d .ident. 2.2. The formation of the secondary maxima is attributed to an increase in the turbulence level resulting from the transition from a laminar to a turbulent boundary layer.ndary layer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1346-1354
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• 2001

The heat transfer characteristics off swirling air jet impinging on a heated flat plate have been investigated experimentally. The main object is to enhance the heat transfer rate by increasing turbulence intensity of impinging jet with a specially designed swirl generator. The mean velocity and turbulent intensity profiles of swirling jet were measured using a hot-wire anemomety. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface was measured with thermocouples. As a result the swirl effect on the local heat transfer rate on the impinging plate is confined mainly in the small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<3 at the stagnation region. For small nozzle-to-plate spacings, the local heat transfer in the stagnation region is enhanced from the increased turbulence intensity due to swirl motion, compared with the conventional axisymmetric impinging jet without swirl. For example, the local Nusselt number of swirling jet with swirl number Sw=0.75 and Sw=1 is about 9.7-76% higher than that of conventional impinging jet at the radial location of R/D=0.5. With the increase of the nozzle-to-plate distance, the stagnation heat transfer rate is decreased due to the diminishing axial momentum of the swirling jet. However, the swirling impinging jet for all nozzle-to-plate spacings tested in this study does not enhance the average heat transfer rate.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The characteristics of flame shape, laminar burning velocity, emissions and heat flux of stagnation point in premixed impinging jet flame of syngas fuel with 10% hydrogen content were experimentally investigated. Also, the adiabatic temperature and burning velocity are calculated by Chemkin package with USC-II mechanism. The equivalence ratios(0.8~5.0) and dimensionless separation distance(2.0~5.0) with fixed Reynolds number(1800) are main parameters in this work. Different flame shapes and colors were observed for different impingement conditions. The experimental results of burning velocity by flame surface area have a consistent with previous works and numerical simulation of this work. The inner flame length could be predicted with the ratio of mixture velocity and burning velocity from a simple formulation by the laminar burning velocity definition. It has been observed that the heat fluxes at stagnation point are directly affected by the flame shape including the separation distance. The emission results in impinging flame of syngas fuel show that the characteristics of $NO_x$ emission traced well with adiabatic temperature trend and CO emission due to fuel rich condition increased continuously with respect to the equivalence ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.655-663
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• 2010

DUP (direct underside pressurization) is a device that can considerably increase lift, reduce take-off speed and minimize hump drag when a WIG effect vehicle takes off on the water surface. A 3-dimensional numerical investigation of a WIG effect vehicle with DUP is performed to analyze aerodynamic characteristics and the static height stability. The model vehicle, named Aircat, consists of a propeller in the middle of a fuselage, an air chamber under the fuselage, Lippisch-type wings and a large horizontal T-tail. The lift is mainly increased by the stagnation of the accelerated air coming into the air chamber through the channel in the middle of the fuselage. However, the accelerated air increases drag as well as reduces static height stability.