• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2007

Recently there has been more apprehensions about health and environment. Since the concern has been increased, it is realized that students need to study in comfort and clean environment, and plan to study in environmental friendly facilities. Hence it is needed for both indoor air quality performance evaluation and greening facilities in order to plan environmental friendly schools. Accordingly, this study analyzes the indoor air quality throughout field survey of schools to provide preliminary data to develop environmental friendly education facilities. This paper investigates and analyzes indoor environment standards and performances in schools. There will be included 15 existing schools and 5 newly built schools for survey in Seoul and Gyeonggi. Additionally, environmental problems are also investigated and analyzed by occupants' questionnaires through surveys.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1992

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is defined as an activity designed to identify and predict the impact on the environment. In the process of an EIA, the quantitative evaluation is generally performed for the air and water quality which have the national environmental quality standards. But the predicted values for the air and water quality are simply compared to the environmental standards. At present, the EIA process of Korea has no consideration for the possible human health risk resulting from the development projects. Environmental Health Impact Assessment(EHIA) is an applied methodology of EIA to estimate the acceptable health risk caused by a specified level of environmental pollutants. Estimating the excessive lifetime risk that is a possibility of dying of a certain disease by environmental contaminants, is useful as an evaluation technique of EHIA. It is recommanded the decision-makers to make efficient use of EHIA not only the development projects but also legislative proposals, policies and programmes in future.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to characterize formaldehyde as trace toxic air pollutant in the underground spaces in Gyungnam province. Air samples of formaldehyde were taken in the three underground spaces for ten months from April 2003 to January 2004. The IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) of underground spaces were controled using central ventilation(supply/exhaust) system. The levels of GM of airborne formaldehyde concentrations in three sampling spaces were well below applicable standards, Korean Ministry of Environment, 0.1 ppm. However, some sample of airborne formaldehyde concentrations in underground spaces 'B' and 'C' were in excess of standard, due to the commercial products in shop, structural material, and the climate having high humidity and temperature. There are statistical differences in levels of formaldehyde by sampling spaces (p=0.086).

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.635-658
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 S대학 중앙도서관을 대상으로 측정 유해인자를 ① 공기 중 유해물질 ② 생물학적 유해인자 ③ 일산화탄소·이산화탄소·이산화질소 농도로 구분하여 관련 기준과 비교하여 측정·분석하였다. 분석한 결과 공기 중 유해물질인 미세먼지, 석면, 휘발성 유기화합물, 포름알데히드 모두 관련 기준 보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났으며, 생물학적 유해인자인 공기 중 곰팡이, 그람음성박테리아, 엔도톡신 등도 특별한 문제를 찾을 수 없었다. 공기 중 일산화탄소, 이산화탄소, 이산화질소 농도도 일반 대기 중의 농도 대비 특이한 점이 없이 유지되고 있었다. 다만, 도서관은 다중이용시설로 주기적인 청소와 환기를 통한 환경 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2011

This study evaluated the indoor air quality of 26 government offices located in Seoul. The pollutant samples were taken from Jan. 13th to Jan. 29th and Feb. 20th to Feb. 23rd, 2010 in the offices. The target indoor pollutants for this study were $PM_{10}$, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total bacteria counts, total volatile organic compounds, radon, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and asbestos which were controlled by the indoor air quality law for the multiple-use facilities management. The results of this study showed that some pollutants of the 38.5% offices exceeded the standards of the air quality guideline. The correlation analysis of the same pollutants between indoor and outdoor represented that $NO_2$ (r=0.629, p<0.05) and $O_3$ (r=0.459, p<0.01) were significant, however, $PM_{10}$ and CO were not. The correlation analysis between different pollutants showed that CO and TVOC (total volatile organic compounds: r=0.724; p<0.01), CO and $NO_2$ (r=0.674; p<0.01), HCHO and humidity (r=0.605; p<0.01), $CO_2$ and TVOC (r=0.534; p<0.01), TBC (total bacteria counts) and Asbestos (r=0.520; p<0.01) were significant. The energy-saving system of government buildings in winter caused under-ventilated and poor air quality. This study suggests that the concentrations of radon and $CO_2$ should be used as an indicator for monitoring indoor air quality and maintaining effective ventilations.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

The harmfulness of HCHO and VOCs from construction material and furniture has been increased gradually. It must be need to prevent pollution materials' accumulation indoor effectively and to remove very small amount of harmful pollution materials in various plans, because these kinds of pollution materials greatly affect human body, Therefore, this study is focused to find out the improvements of Indoor Air Quality in execution of natural ventilation and bakeout to reduce indoor chemical pollution materials or not. After effects of indoor air quality by natural ventilation and bake-out being examined, it is follows the conclusion. As for the density change of TVOC and Toluene according to time lapse, in case the middle and high-story areas have bake-out, the density increased once, but it showed the gradual decrease after bake-out was stopped, and it was shown that it exceeded the standards recommended for newly built apartment. The bake-out is effective to discharge the HCHO and TVOC from the construction material and the furniture, and the natural ventilation is effective remove the indoor pollution materials.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1413-1419
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• 2008

The Kyoto Protocol, that had been in force from February 16, 2005, requires significant reduction in $CO_2$ emissions for all anthropogenic sources containing transportation, industrial, commercial, and residential fields, etc, and automotive emission standards for air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$ become more and more tight for improving ambient air quality. This paper has briefly reviewed homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion technology offering dramatic reduction in $CO_2,\;NO_x$ and PM emissions, compared to conventional gasoline and diesel engine vehicles, in an effort of automotive industries and their related academic activities to comply with future fuel economy legislation, e.g., $CO_2$ emission standards and corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) in the respective European Union (EU) and United States of America (USA), and to meet very stringent future automotive emission standards, e.g., Tier 2 program in USA and EURO V in EU. In addition, major challenges to the widespread use of HCCI engines in road applications are discussed in aspects of new catalytic emissions controls to remove high CO and unburned hydrocarbons from such engine-equipped vehicles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 지하역사와 지상역사에서의 실내공기질을 측정하고, 외부 공기에 의한 영향 정도를 확인하고자 하였다. 측정된 물질은 '실내공기질 관리법'상에서 유지기준과 권고기준으로 지정된 항목 중, 농도가 검출되지 않은 석면을 제외한 미세먼지($PM_{10}$), 이산화탄소($CO_2$), 일산화탄소(CO), 이산화질소($NO_2$), 폼알데하이드(HCHO), 오존($O_3$), 총부유세균(TAB), 총휘발성유기화합물(TVOC), 라돈 등 9종이다. 또한 미세먼지, 이산화질소, 오존 등 세 가지 물질은 I/O ratio를 통해 외기에의한 영향을 확인하였다. 공기질 측정결과 지상역사에 비해 지하역사에서 미세먼지, 폼알데하이드, 총휘발성유기화합물, 이산화질소, 라돈 등이 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 이는 지하역사 내부에 그 오염물질의 발생요소가 존재하기 때문으로 판단된다. 오존 농도는 지상역사에서 지하역사보다 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 특히 외부로 노출되어있는 지상역사 승강장에서 높은 농도를 보임으로써 외기 유입에 의한 영향이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 외기에 의한 영향을 받는 오염물질은 역사의 기계환기시 제거 과정을 거쳐 오염물질의 실내유입을 차단하고, 지하역사에서 기인한 미세먼지 등의 물질들은 실내에서 그 발생원에 따른 별도의 처리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

Controlling the quality of indoor air is important in order to maintain a healthy life. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the hazardous substance concentration of indoor air and circulation based on different ventilation methods in the apartment, which is one of the representative housing types in Korea. As target substances, we considered the hazardous substances which are generated during the cooking process and radon gas which is originated from building materials. We measured the concentrations of carbon dioxide and fine particles in relation to type of food and ventilation methods in order to determine the change in the concentration levels of hazardous substances which are generated during the cooking process. On the other hand, we measured the concentration of radon gas before and after letting fresh air into a room through windows in order to determine the change in the concentration level of radon gas which is originated from building materials. The results show that turning on the ventilation fan plays a major role in reducing the concentration levels of hazardous substances in the kitchen, and that it is more effective to turn on the ventilation fan during cooking than after cooking to prevent the diffusion of hazardous materials produced by cooking through the indoor air. Also, the results indicate that letting fresh air into a room through windows more than one time a day is necessary to reduce the concentration level of radon gas in the room to safe concentration range.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.8.1-8.10
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• 2012

Objectives: The goal was to model and quantify the atmospheric concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the result of the Hebei Spirit oil spill, and to predict whether the exposure levels were abnormally high or not. Methods: We developed a model for calculating the airborne concentration of VOCs that are produced in an oil spill accident. The model was applied to a practical situation, namely the Hebei Spirit oil spill. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the results with previous observation data. The concentrations were compared with the currently used air quality standards. Results: Evaporation was found to be 10- to 1,000-fold higher than the emissions produced from a surrounding industrial complex. The modeled concentrations for benzene failed to meet current labor environmental standards, and the concentration of benzene, toluene, orthometa- para-xylene were higher than the values specified by air quality standards and guideline values on the ocean. The concentrations of total VOCs were much higher than indoor environmental criteria for the entire Taean area for a few days. Conclusions: The extent of airborne exposure was clearly not the same as that for normal conditions.