• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.272-285
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 3차원 기상 및 대기질 모델의 입출력 자료를 평가하는 데 필요한 통계 검증지표를 선별하고, 선정된 검증지표의 기준치를 조사하여 그 결과를 요약하였다. 여러 국내외 문헌과 최근 논문 검토를 통해 최종 선정된 통계 검증지표는 MB (Mean Bias), ME (Mean Error), MNB (Mean Normalized Bias Error), MNE (Mean Absolute Gross Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), IOA (Index of Agreement), R (Correlation Coefficient), FE (Fractional Error), FB (Fractional Bias)로 총 9가지이며, 국내외 문헌을 통해 그 기준치를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 기상모델의 경우 대부분 MB와 ME가 주요 지표로 사용되어 왔고, 대기질 모델 결과는 NMB와 NME 지표가 주로 사용되었으며, 그 기준치의 차이를 분석하였다. 아울러 이들 통계 검증지표값을 이용하여 모델 예측 결과를 효과적으로 비교하기 위한 표출 도식으로 축구 도식, 테일러 도식, Q-Q (Quantile-Quantile) 도식의 장단점을 분석하였다. 나아가 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 우리나라의 산악지역의 특수성 등이 잘 고려된 통계 검증지표의 기준치 설정 등의 추가연구가 효과적으로 진행될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2014

본 연구는 객관적 방법으로써의 계층분석법(AHP)를 사용하여 최적의 철도사업의 노선선정에 있어서 필요한 환경 평가에 대한 중점항목의 가중치를 제시하여, 환경친화적인 노선 선택을 위한 정량적 기준을 제공하고자 하였다. AHP는 계층구조로 복합적인 선택 기준을 가진 각 기준들의 상대적 중요도를 평가하고, 대안들의 전체적인 우선 순위를 결정하는 의사결정의 접근법이다. 본 연구의 목적을 위해, 각 분야별 환경영향평가 검토를 담당하는 전문가 설문에 기초하여 철도사업 노선선정에 있어서 주요 환경평가 항목의 순위와 가중치를 정립하였다. 그 결과, AHP에 의한 가중치는 동 식물상, 지형 지질, 자연환경자산, 소음 진동, 수질, 위락 경관, 대기질 등 자연생태분야가 높게 나타났다. 보다 효율적인 환경친화적 노선 선정 체계를 개발하기 위해서는 환경적인 측면에 더불어, 기술적, 경제적, 사회적 측면도 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.456-471
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• 2015

배출량 자료는 대기질 수치모의에 있어서 큰 영향을 주는 요소로서 정확한 대기질 수치모의를 위해서 배출량 자료의 정확성과 신뢰도 향상은 대기질 모델 연구에 있어 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 울산지역을 대상으로 2003년과 2010년 CAPSS 배출량 자료인 CAPSS-2003과 CAPSS-2010를 입력자료로 하여 WRF-CMAQ 모델을 수행하여 울산지역 배출량 지료의 타당성을 검토하였다. 우선 오염물질의 장거리 수송 영향을 배제하기 위하여 울산지역 자체 내의 배출량 영향이 우세한 종관 기상조건을 가진 사례일을 선정하고 선정된 사례일에 대해서 WRF-CMAQ모델을 수행한 후 그 결과인 CO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$ 농도와 관측 값을 비교하여, 과소 혹은 과대 모의되는 정도를 분석하여 모의결과를 보정 할 수 있는 'scaling factor'를 제시하였다. 그 결과 CAPSS-2003을 이용한 모의결과는 CO와 $NO_2$에 대해서는 관측과 유사한 수준으로 모의하였으나 $SO_2$는 약 12배 과대모의, $PM_{10}$은 약 27배나 과소모의하는 결과를 얻었다. 반면 CAPSS-2010을 이용한 모의결과에서는 CO와 $NO_2$의 모의결과는 유사하였으며, $SO_2$는 약 2배 과대모의, $PM_{10}$은 약 5배 과소모의 하여 $SO_2$와 $PM_{10}$ 배출량이 상당히 개선됨을 확인하였다. $SO_2$와 $PM_{10}$ 역시 이전 보다는 관측에 가깝게 모의되었으나 현실적 모델링 결과를 도출하기 위해서 배출량은 향후 개선되어야 할 부분으로 판단되었다. 따라서 보다 현실적인 모델링 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 제시한 울산지역 배출량의 'scaling factor'를 이용하면 보다 안정된 모델링 결과가 도출 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2023

Background: Among various pollutants, fine particle (PM_2.5, defined as particle less than 2.5 nm in aerodynamic diameter) shows the most consistent association with adverse health effects. There is scientific evidence documenting a variety of adverse health outcomes due to exposure to PM_2.5. Objectives: This study aims to assess the health benefits of that would be achieved by meeting the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines for PM_2.5 using AirQ+ and BenMAP. Methods: We estimated PM_2.5 related health benefits in Korea from implementing the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines (annual average 5 ㎍/m³ and 10 ㎍/m³) and Korea's National Ambient Air Quality Standard (annual average 15 ㎍/m³). We used World Health Organization's AirQ+ and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program. Results: The annual number of avoided PM_2.5 related premature deaths exceeding WHO guideline levels was assessed using both AirQ+ and BenMAP. We estimated that the health benefits of attaining the World Health Organization's air quality guidelines for PM_2.5 (annual average 5 ㎍/m³) would suggest an annual reduction of 26,128 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17,363~34,024) and 26,853 (95% CI: 18,527~34,944) premature deaths. Conclusions: Our study provided useful information to policy makers and confirms that the reduction of PM_2.5 concentration would result in significant health benefits in Korea.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2014

With the progress and prosperity of commerce and industry, time and money increasingly form an equal partnership. Using air carriers to shorten the round-trip time has become an important choice for many people in the tourism process. Faced with increasing competition within the aviation service environment, airline evaluation criteria and the requirements of customers are gradually dominating the evaluation mechanism for air transport service quality. Over the past few years, attention on the transport quality of service has been primarily focused more on land-based transport, and less on the relevant evaluation criteria of airlines. Many studies have shown that quality of service will directly affect customer satisfaction, resulting in the fact that good quality aviation services have become increasingly important. Therefore, in practical industrial operations with limited resources, there is an urgent need to delve into the assessment guidelines that have an impact on customers when they choose an airline, which can be used as a basis for improving customer satisfaction. Through a literature review and a reliability and validity analysis, this study summarized 19 evaluation criteria, using the purposive sampling method and the decision laboratory method (DEMATEL). In addition, this study viewed the causal relationship between the evaluation criteria and the degree of association as a continuing project for airlines. This study selected appropriate empirical samples from two domestic airlines. The conclusions may provide recommendations for all airlines.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to propose the integrated assessment model for the rational and effective selection of proposed sites in National Trust (NT) and conserve the ruined natural environment by excessive land development. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The specialists thought that rare and endangered species were very important in plant and animal, in case of landscape and environment, naturality and water quality were too important. 2) In the result of the correlation measure on the indicator of assessment, 'erosion of soil'and 'air pollutant'was highly correlative. Secondly, 'suspended solids' and 'erosion of soil'was high correlation. 3) In the result of forming the factors into the integrated indicators, they were classified into conditional, stable, valuable and potential factors and the purpose of this formation is to evaluate proposed sites in NT objectively and rationally with organic assessment. 4) In the integrated assessment model, the degree of explanation was observed approximately 36.4% and the important factor was the conditional factor, but we have to consider all factors for the effective and objective assessment. Therefore we organically have to apply and use them for the assessment of proposed sites in NT. It turns out to offer raw data on the land conservation and carry out the role of the instrument of measurement. As for future directions, the follow are proposed: 1) adaptation of real proposed site, 2) verification of effect and problem, 3) practical survey for diverse types as mountain, coast and inland.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

Background: Air pollution is increasing together with industrialization and urbanization. In order to reduce air pollution, public transportation is recommended rather than private cars, and the number of passengers using public transportation is increasing accordingly. This study observes the concentration of indoor pollutants in city buses over time. Through this means, we intend to suggest a plan to manage the indoor air quality in city buses. Objectives: The concentration of indoor pollution in public transportation was investigated from April 2021 to January 2022. Based on this, we evaluated the exposure to indoor pollutants. Methods: Six city bus lines in an industrial city were selected for the research, and indoor pollution was measured through IoT (Internet of Things)-based sensor-type measuring devices. The concentration of pollutants was measured every minute, and statistical data were constructed based on the measurement results. Results: In all the city buses studied, the average concentration of pollutants were below the guidelines. However, some measurement results showed cases of exceeding the guidelines. As a result of the analysis by time zone, there were more cases in which pollutants exceeded the standard value during rush hour compared to at other times. A risk assessment for PM₁₀ was performed by evaluating the excess mortality risk from exposure and the risk from inhalation exposure. Conclusions: All measured indoor pollutants in the city buses did not exceed the guidelines. Also, the risk assessment results were found to be within the level of safety. However, if a city bus is used for a long time, there is a possibility that there may be an impact on the human body due to inhalation exposure, so additional management is required.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2023

우리나라 환경영향평가서의 대기모델 적용 실태를 조사하기 위하여 2021년부터 2022년까지 협의가 완료되어 환경영향평가정보지원시스템(EIASS)에 공개된 환경영향평가서를 분석한 결과 AERMOD가 89.0%로 가장 많이 사용되었다. AERMET과 AERMOD의 버전 불일치는 25.3%로 나타났으며, 산업단지 및 도시개발사업의 발생하는 오염물질 배출량 산정시 적용한 가동시간과 모델에 적용한 가동시간의 불일치는 50.6%로 나타났다. 군산지역의 단순 및 복잡지형에서 다양한 버전의 AERMET과 AERMOD 모델을 면오염원과 점오염원에 적용한 결과, AERMOD 버전 12(15181) 이후부터는 동일한 값을 나타내었다. 배출량은 24시간 가동을 기준으로 산정하고, 모델에는 주간 8시간 가동을 적용하는 가변 배출계수 옵션을 사용할 때, 예측농도는 단순 및 복잡지형에서 면오염원은 32.06~74.27%, 점오염원은 14.85~43.13% 축소되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 AERMOD 모델의 가변 배출계수 적용 오류를 방지하기 위해서는 환경영향평가서에 배출량 산정과정을 명확히 제시하고, 모델링 입력자료 구성에 대한 구체적인 설명이 요구되며, 환경영향평가 전문 검토기관에서는 보다 철저한 검토가 필요하다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-48
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• 1993

International concern over the environmental pollution is ever increasing, and diversified countermeasures must be devised in Korea also. Global trend, damages, problems and countermeasures with respect to issues mentioned in the Rio Declaration, such as prevention of ozone layer destruction, reduction of migratory atmospheric pollution between neighboring countries, and prevention of global greenhouse effect, were discussed in this report. Conclusion of the report is summarized as follows : A. Measurement, Planning and Monitoring (1) Development and implementation of a global network for measurement and monitoring from the global aspects such factors as related to acid rain(Pioneer substances, pH, sulfate, nitrate), effect of global temperature(Air temperature, $CO_2$, $CH_4$, CFC, $N_2O$) and destruction of ozone layer($CFC_S$). (2) Establishment of network system via satellite monitoring movement of regional air mass, damage on the ozone layer and ground temperature distribution. B. Elucidation of Present State (1) Improvement and development of devices for carbon circulation capable of accurately forecasting input and output of carbon. (2) Developmental research on chemical reactions of greenhouse gas in the air. (3) Improvement and development of global circulation model(GCM) C. Impact Assessment Impact assessment on ecosystem, human body, agriculture, floodgate, land use, coastal ecology, industries, etc. D. Preventive Measures and Technology Development (1) Development and consumption of new energy (2) Development of new technology for removal of pioneer substances (3) Development of substitute matter for $CFC_S$ (4) Improvement of agriculture and forestry means to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (5) Improvement of housing to prevent the destruction of ozone layer and the greenhouse effect of the globe (6) Development of new technology for probing underground water (7) Preservation of forest (8) Biomass 5. Policy Development (1) Development of strategy model (2) Development of long term forecast model (3) Development of penalty charge effect and expense evaluation methods (4) Feasibility study on regulations By establishing the above mentioned measures for environmentally sound and sustainable development to establish the right to live for humankind and to preserve the one and only earth.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2011

To assess the impact of climate change on water quality in an impounded river basin, this study estimated future air temperature and rainfall in the years of 2020, 2050 and 2080 by statistically downscaling the simulation results from two GCM models combined with two emission scenarios (A2 and B1). Both scenarios were selected from the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) suggested by IPCC. The A2 scenario represents an extreme condition whereas the B1 scenario represents a clean and energy efficient condition which is similar to that of study basin. With the results of estimated climate factors and land use data, the discharge and the concentrations of BOD, TN and TP in the Andong dam basins were simulated using the SWAT model. The change in BOD concentration for the B1 emission scenario was greater than the A2 scenario in the annual increase range and the pollution level. The concentration of TN was decreased during March? June which is drought period and increased again afterward. In contrast to TN, the concentration of TP was generally decreased. The change in TP concentration was greater for the B1 scenario than the A2 scenario.