• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2019

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary and accessory muscle during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters of the inspiratory muscle trainer (IMT). Methods : The Borg's scale and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data of the RPE and muscle activity of the inspiratory primary the external intercostal (EI) and diaphragm (DIA) and accessory muscles anterior scalene (AS), sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during breathing exercise with different air hole diameters (6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm) of the IMT in healthy young male subjects. Results : The RPE and muscle activities of the AS, SCM, and UT are increased significantly in accordance to the decreasing diameter of air hole of air tip in IMT. However, there are no differences in the muscle activities of the PM, EI, and DIA based on differences of diameters of air hole of air tip in IMT. Conclusion : The smaller the diametr of IMT air-hole, RPE and muscle activities of AS, SCM and UT were increased. Therefore, further study would be necessary to investigate the proper intensity and relaxation posture for the exercise protocol to strengthen the inspiratory primary muscles.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the changes that occur in the leg muscle activity of unstable surface with different levels of air pressures. Three groups of college students have been placed randomly on unstable surfaces with different air pressures at group 1.0 psi ($n_1$=36), group 1.4 psi ($n_2$=40), and group 1.8 psi ($n_3$=40). Using surface electromyography, the recruitment of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and the gastrocnemius was measured. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction was measured at the different air pressures based on the manual muscle test, then normalizing the value to %maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The tibialis anterior muscle activity was significant change from the unstable surface with difference levels of air pressures between group 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi and between group 1.4 psi and 1.8 psi. peroneus longus muscle activity was significant changes in muscle activity occurred between 1.0 psi and 1.4 psi group and between 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi group. Gastrocnemius muscle activity was significant change in muscle activity occurred between 1.0 psi and 1.4 psi group and between 1.0 psi and 1.8 psi group. In conclusion it identify that 1.0 psi group is most effective on muscle activity than the other groups. These suggest that the rehabilitation or strengthening of patients with ankle injuries, balance exercise with low air pressure like 1.0 psi can be more effective.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1978

세가지의 동결방법(air blast, semi air blast, still air freezing)으로 전복을 동결하여 $-20^{\circ}C$ 냉장고에서 3개월간 저장하고 동경방법의 처리에 따른 조직적인 변화를 생전복과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 생 전복의 조직구조는 소라의 그것과 비슷하였다. 2. 동결에 의한 근세포의 파괴는 없었다. 3. 동결방법의 차에서 오는 조직변화의 차이는 거의 없으며, 미세 빙결정이 많이 생겼다. 4. 동결에 의한 근조직 피해는 일반 어류보다 적었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2013

In this paper, a hand exoskeleton actuated by air muscles(soft hand exoskeleton) is introduced. Some soft hand exoskeletons have already been developed to overcome the defects of hand exoskeletons based on linkage and pneumatic piston system-they are usually bulky and do not have enough degree of freedom(DOF). However, soft hand exoskeletons still have defects. Their motions are not precise as linkage based hand exoskeletons, because their actuator, such as air muscle is made of soft materials. So we developed a new linkage which is not bulky and has redundant DOF. It is combined with air muscle in a specific way so that it acts as a guide when air muscle is actuated. Some experiments were conducted to evaluate the validity and usability of our hand exoskeleton.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2005

In this study, we wolud be developed the fuzzy controlled PGO that controlled the flexion and the extension of each PGO's joint using the bio-signal and FSR sensor. The PGO driving system is to couple the right and left sides of the orthosis by specially designed hip joints and pelvic section. This driving system consists of the orthosis, sensor, control system. An air supply system of muscle is composed of an air compressor, 2-way solenoid valve(MAC, USA), accumulator, pressure sensor. Role of this system provide air muscle with the compressed air at hip joint constantly. According to output signal of EMG sensor and foot sensor, air muscles and assists the flexion of hip joint during PGO gait.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 1989

Excision of bullous emphysema or decortication of chronic empyema commonly results in a prolonged air leakage. Prolonged air leakage requires prolonged intercostal drainage, delays recovery, and can be followed complications such as pneumothorax, atelectasis, incomplete expansion of remained lung, secondary infection. To minimize these complications free muscle grafts can be used like a patch to close the opening of visceral pleura and reinforce suture lines without undue tension. From a preliminary study using the latissimus dorsi muscle as a free muscle graft in the rabbit pleural space, viable muscle fibers that seems the result of the process of regeneration can be consistently identified around the degenerating muscle fibers. Voluminous connective tissues and numerous blood vessels are also observed in the peripheral zone. Further studies in that free muscle graft will be sutured with visceral pleura and lung parenchyme will hopefully provide additional information before clinical application.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2001

최근 들어 작업강도가 심화, 노동환경의 변화 등으로 단순반복작업자의 누적외상장애가 많이 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 단순반복작업자의 근피로도를 분석하기 위하여 수작업과 Air Balance 시스템 설계장치를 이용할 때 각 근육의 피로도의 차이를 밝히고 단순반복작업의 기계에 의한 시스템설계제안을 목적하였다. 연구 결과, 내화벽돌 적재작업시에 수작업과 Air Balance 시스템을 이용한 근피로도 비교에서 Air Balance를 이용한 적재작업에서는 수작업 대비 근육별 AEMG 64.1%, MF 65.3%, MPF 64.3%, ZCR 63.6%로 근피로도가 낮게 나타났다. 근육의 동원정도는 전체적으로 비슷한 천이를 보였다. 즉, Aire Balance시스템을 사용하는 것이 수작업보다 근피로도 값은 낮게 나타났으며, 누적외상성 질환에 대한 노출도 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2006

The pneumatic muscle actuator consists of an air bellows tube with two end-flanges. The air bellows tube is made from rubber layers and flexible sheathing formed from nylon 6 fibers. This structure can be stretched or compressed to convert the radial expansive forces into contractile forces. We performed the finite element analysis and the performance test of pneumatic muscle actuator. Also, the pneumatic muscle actuator was manufactured and tested by home-made tester. The results of FEA was similar with performance test below the maximum error of 42 %.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

In this study, we would be developed the fuzzy controlled PGO that controlled the flexion and the extension of each PGO's hip joint using the bio-signal and FSR sensor. The PGO driving system is to couple the right and left sides of the orthosis by specially designed hip joints and pelvic section. This driving system consists of the orthosis, sensor, control system. An air supply system of muscle is composed of an air compressor, 2-way solenoid valve (MAC, USA), accumulator, pressure sensor. Role of this system provide air muscle with the compressed air at hip joint constantly. According to output signal of EMG sensor and foot sensor, air muscles and assists the flexion of hip joint during PGO gait. As a results, the maximum hip flexion angles of RGO's gait and PGO's gait were about $16^{\circ}\;and\;57^{\circ}$ respectively. The maximum angle of flexion/extention in hip joint of the patients during RGO's gait are smaller than normal gait, because of the step length of them shoes a little bit. But maximum angle of flexion/extention in hip joint of the patients during PGO's gait are larger than normal gait.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1500-1503
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• 2003

One of the main goals in the rehabilitation of SCI patients is to enable the patient to stand and walk themselves. We are developing high-thrust powered gait orthosis(PGO) that use air muscle actuator(shadow robot Co., UK) to be assisted gait and rehabilitation purposes of them. We made of PD controller and measured hip joint angle by its load and the pressure to control air muscle of PGO. As a results, maximum flexion angle of hip joint is $20^{\circ}$, and angular velocity is 30.4${\pm}2.5^{\circ}/sec$, and then delay time of system was average 0.62${\pm}$0.03s. As the hip flexion angle and the pelvic angle is decreased during the gait with PGO, the patient can walk faster. By using the PGO, the energy consumption can also be decreased. therefore, the proposed PGO can be a very useful assitive device for the paraplegics to walk.