공공기관의 동반성장 현황과 시사점: 한국수력원자력(주) 사례를 중심으로 (Implications of Shared Growth of Public Enterprises: Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Case)
-
- 벤처혁신연구
- /
- 제4권2호
- /
- pp.57-75
- /
- 2021
한수원은 전력 에너지를 생산하는 우리나라의 대표적인 공기업의 하나이며, 국가 자본에 의해서 생산·유통 또는 서비스를 공급할 목적으로 운영된다. 한수원의 경우는 국민 복지나 국가 발전을 위해 원전 중심의 첨단산업을 영위하며 공기업으로 운영된다. 원자력과 수력발전은 공공재의 성격이 뚜렷하기 때문이다. 사례에서 살펴본 한수원의 동반성장 활동은 공익을 우선하는 공공선에 근거를 두고 있다. 한수원은 종합에너지기업, 첨단 플랜트기업, 동반성장 선도기업이라는 특성을 반영하여 협력사와 동반성장을 위해 추진과제와 성과지표를 연계하는 전략을 제시하고 다양한 방안을 실천해 나가고 있다. 이를 정리라면 ① 원전 생태계유지, ② 협력기업 경영여건 개선, ③ 원전산업계 미래역량 강화, ④ 지역발전 선순환 지원 등이 핵심과제라 할 수 있다. 이것은 원자력발전이라는 특수성을 최대한 반영하여 만든 것이며 에너지 공기업으로서 특성을 최대한 감안하면서도 시대적 과제를 해결하기 위해 상생과 협력을 통한 동반성장 정신을 잘 반영하여 설계되어 있다. 세부 추진과제로 원전 생태계 유지를 위해 신시장·신산업 육성, Supply Chain 유지, 코로나19 긴급지원 등도 제시하고 있다. 한수원의 이런 활동은 본업에 충실하면서도 코로나19 사태이후 사회적 공공선의 철학을 반영한 것이다. 협력기업 경영여건 개선을 위해서는 생산성 향상, 인적자원 강화, 맞춤형 자금지원을 세부과제로 실천하고 있다. 본업에 충실하면서도 협력기업과의 동반성장을 추구하는 한수원의 노력은 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR), ISO 26000 등에서 강조하는 협력기업과 상생을 통한 동반성장의 모범사례라 할 수 있다.
우리나라는 지형과 기후가 복잡다양한 데다가 하절기에는 필리핀 남양군도로부터 상습적으로 불어오는 태풍의 진로권내에 위치해 있고 년간 강우량의 대부분이 벼 재배기인 하절기에 집중적으로 내리는 관계로 이때 강우와 강풍이 단독 또는 동반하여 갖가지 풍수해양상을 일으킨다. 풍해는 조풍해, 건조풍해 및 강풍해로 구분하여 볼 때 조풍해(염풍해)는 1986년 8월 28~29일 태품 Vera호 내습시 남부 해안지방 일대에서는 강우가 그치면서 염분을 함유한 초속 6m정도의 강풍이 불어 해안으로부터 2.5km까지 도체 조기에 염분을 건물당 1.1~17.2mg 부착시켜 심한 조풍해를 일으켰다. 그리고 건조풍해는 '87년 이래로 내습한 대부분의 태풍들이 4.0~8.5m의 태풍이 남부 및 동해안에 불어 Foenhn 현상으로 건조풍이 되고 이때 출수기에 처한 벼 이삭은 심한 백수피해와 변색위피해를 받았다. 태풍해로서는 풀수기 이전의 벼 생육단계에서 경엽이 기계적으로 절상, 파열, 고사되고, 등숙기에는 도복과 탈입이 심하게 된다. 풍해경감은 태품 내습을 회피하도록 8월 15일까지 출수시키고 풍해저항성이 비교적 강한 상풍벼와 청청벼 재배가 효과적이다. 한편 수해로서는 농경지 유시, 이몰, 침관수 및 도복 등을 들 수 있으나 각종 Dam, 제방축조, 하구언공사 등으로 피해는 많이 줄었지만 국지적 집중호우나 강변유역 제방내의 내수로 인한 침관수나 도복피해는 상습적으로 일어난다. 핌관수해는 태풍과 다우가 주로 8월 말경에 내습하여 2~4일 정도 도체가 관수된다. 이따 남부 특수만식답의 벼생육단계는 생육초중기에 해당되므로 어린 생육단게일수록 피해가 크고 보통식세어는 생식생장기에 해당되므로 유수나 팬이삭은 불념이 되더라도 죽은 이삭을 갖는 경의 상위절로부터 재생경이 나와 정상이삭으로 되어 수량 감소가 가장 튼 감수분열기 피해에서도 66%의 수량보상력을 갖게 된다. 침관수피해 경감을 위해서는 사전적 조처로서 관수저항성 및 백엽고, 벼멸구, 도복저항성을 갖는 품종을 선택 재배하는 것이 효과적이다. 특히 통일형 품종은 일본형 품종에 비하여 관수시 모든 생육단게에서 관수저항성이 강한데 묘생존율이 높고, 엽신과 엽초의 이상신장력이 낮아 퇴수시 기술적 장해가 적으며 생식생장기에는 근활력, 광합성능력이 높아 피해회복이 빠르고 고위절분얼이삭에 의한 수량보상력이 높다. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때 풍수해를 최소화하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 연구가 금후 이루어져야 할 것이다. \circled1 기상예보, 풍수해 피해실태 및 그로 인한 작황 등의 원격탐사 및 전산화에 의한 분석 연구가 이루어져야 하고, \circled2 품수해와 관련된 불량환경에서 내성을 갖는 품종 육성 보급이 이루어져야 하고, \circled3 품수해 발생상습지에서는 벼 피해를 보상할 수 있는 타작물과의 함리적 작부체계 개선 연구가 이루어져야 하고, \circled4 피해도체의 활용도 증진 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.
이 연구에서는 호남지역에 분포하는 5개 온천(죽림, 변산, 지리산, 덕산, 화순)에서 9개 온천시료와 인근의 지하수 시료 3개를 채취하여 수질화학 성분과 안정동위원소
흡연은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환의 가장 흔하고 중요한 원인이며 발생기전으로 단백분해효소 및 그 억제제의 불균형에 의한 폐조직 파괴가 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 생체내의 여러 단백분해효소 중 matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 의 역할에 대한 연구가 최근 활발한데, 이들의 다수는 젤라틴 분해능을 보인다. 연구자들은 흡연에 의한 MMPs의 발현 및 폐기종 발생과의 관련성을 규명하기 위한 첫 단계로 기니픽에서 흡연에 의한 젤라틴 분해 단백분해효소의 발현 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 500gm 가량의 건강한 기니핀 15마리를 대조군 5마리, 6주 흡연군 5마리, 12주 흡연군 5마리 씩 배정한 후, 하루에 5시간 씩, 담배 20개피를 간접 흡연시키는 과정을 일주일에 5회 반복하였다. 흡연력의 정도에 따른 폐조직 내 세포 침윤의 증가를 알아보기 위해, 폐조직을 H&E 염색한 후 400배 확대 시야에서 보이는 폐포벽의 세포 수를 계산하여 일반선형모델을 이용한 통계 분석법으로 처리하였다. 흡연에 의한 젤라틴 분해 단백분해효소의 발현 양상을 알아보기 위해 기관지폐포세척술을 시행하여 폐포내 세포를 얻은 다음 이를 배양접시에
UGC(User Generated Contents) is emerging as the center of e-business in the web 2.0 era. The trend reflects changing roles of users in production and consumption of contents on websites and helps us to understand new strategies of websites such as web portals and social network websites. Nowadays, we consume contents created by other non-professional users for both utilitarian (e.g., knowledge) and hedonic values (e.g., fun). Also, contents produced by ourselves (e.g., photo, video) are posted on websites so that our friends, family, and even the public can consume those contents. This means that non-professionals, who used to be passive audience in the past, are now creating contents and share their UGCs with others in the Web. Accessible media, tools, and applications have also reduced difficulty and complexity in the process of creating contents. Realizing that users create plenty of materials which are very interesting to other people, media companies (i.e., web portals and social networking websites) are adjusting their strategies and business models accordingly. Increased demand of UGC may lead to website visits which are the source of benefits from advertising. Therefore, they put more efforts into making their websites open platforms where UGCs can be created and shared among users without technical and methodological difficulties. Many websites have increasingly adopted new technologies such as RSS and openAPI. Some have even changed the structure of web pages so that UGC can be seen several times to more visitors. This mainstream of UGCs on websites indicates that acquiring more UGCs and supporting participating users have become important things to media companies. Although those companies need to understand why general users have shown increasing interest in creating and posting contents and what is important to them in the process of productions, few research results exist in this area to address these issues. Also, behavioral process in creating video UGCs has not been explored enough for the public to fully understand it. With a solid theoretical background (i.e., theory of implementation intentions), parts of our proposed research model mirror the process of user behaviors in creating video contents, which consist of intention to upload, intention to edit, edit, and upload. In addition, in order to explain how those behavioral intentions are developed, we investigated influences of antecedents from three motivational perspectives (i.e., intrinsic, editing software-oriented, and website's network effect-oriented). First, from the intrinsic motivation perspective, we studied the roles of self-expression, enjoyment, and social attention in forming intention to edit with preferred editing software or in forming intention to upload video contents to preferred websites. Second, we explored the roles of editing software for non-professionals to edit video contents, in terms of how it makes production process easier and how it is useful in the process. Finally, from the website characteristic-oriented perspective, we investigated the role of a website's network externality as an antecedent of users' intention to upload to preferred websites. The rationale is that posting UGCs on websites are basically social-oriented behaviors; thus, users prefer a website with the high level of network externality for contents uploading. This study adopted a longitudinal research design; we emailed recipients twice with different questionnaires. Guided by invitation email including a link to web survey page, respondents answered most of questions except edit and upload at the first survey. They were asked to provide information about UGC editing software they mainly used and preferred website to upload edited contents, and then asked to answer related questions. For example, before answering questions regarding network externality, they individually had to declare the name of the website to which they would be willing to upload. At the end of the first survey, we asked if they agreed to participate in the corresponding survey in a month. During twenty days, 333 complete responses were gathered in the first survey. One month later, we emailed those recipients to ask for participation in the second survey. 185 of the 333 recipients (about 56 percentages) answered in the second survey. Personalized questionnaires were provided for them to remind the names of editing software and website that they reported in the first survey. They answered the degree of editing with the software and the degree of uploading video contents to the website for the past one month. To all recipients of the two surveys, exchange tickets for books (about 5,000~10,000 Korean Won) were provided according to the frequency of participations. PLS analysis shows that user behaviors in creating video contents are well explained by the theory of implementation intentions. In fact, intention to upload significantly influences intention to edit in the process of accomplishing the goal behavior, upload. These relationships show the behavioral process that has been unclear in users' creating video contents for uploading and also highlight important roles of editing in the process. Regarding the intrinsic motivations, the results illustrated that users are likely to edit their own video contents in order to express their own intrinsic traits such as thoughts and feelings. Also, their intention to upload contents in preferred website is formed because they want to attract much attention from others through contents reflecting themselves. This result well corresponds to the roles of the website characteristic, namely, network externality. Based on the PLS results, the network effect of a website has significant influence on users' intention to upload to the preferred website. This indicates that users with social attention motivations are likely to upload their video UGCs to a website whose network size is big enough to realize their motivations easily. Finally, regarding editing software characteristic-oriented motivations, making exclusively-provided editing software more user-friendly (i.e., easy of use, usefulness) plays an important role in leading to users' intention to edit. Our research contributes to both academic scholars and professionals. For researchers, our results show that the theory of implementation intentions is well applied to the video UGC context and very useful to explain the relationship between implementation intentions and goal behaviors. With the theory, this study theoretically and empirically confirmed that editing is a different and important behavior from uploading behavior, and we tested the behavioral process of ordinary users in creating video UGCs, focusing on significant motivational factors in each step. In addition, parts of our research model are also rooted in the solid theoretical background such as the technology acceptance model and the theory of network externality to explain the effects of UGC-related motivations. For practitioners, our results suggest that media companies need to restructure their websites so that users' needs for social interaction through UGC (e.g., self-expression, social attention) are well met. Also, we emphasize strategic importance of the network size of websites in leading non-professionals to upload video contents to the websites. Those websites need to find a way to utilize the network effects for acquiring more UGCs. Finally, we suggest that some ways to improve editing software be considered as a way to increase edit behavior which is a very important process leading to UGC uploading.
벼의 생육기간중(生育期間中) 논에서의 수력소비(水力消費)에 관(關)하여 연구(硏究)하였던바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 엽면(葉面) 및 주간수면증발(株間水面蒸發) 1) 벼의 엽면증발량(葉面蒸發量)은 조(早), 중(中), 만생종(晩生種) 공(共)히 이앙(移秧)후 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하다가 수잉기(穗孕期)에 급증(急增)하고 수잉기(穗孕期) 말기(末期)에서 출수개화(出穗開花) 초기(初期)(조생종(早生種)은 제6기(第6期), 중(中), 만생종(晩生種)은 제7기(第7期)에 최대량(最大量)에 달(達)하며 그 후 점감(漸減)한다. 2) 벼의 엽면증발작용(葉面蒸發作用)은 조(早), 중(中), 만생종(晩生種) 모두 제5기(第5期)까지는 별(別) 차이(差異)가 없으며 제6기(第6期)에는 조생종(早生種)이 가장 왕성(旺盛)하고 제7기(第7期) 이후(以後)는 만생종(晩生種)이 계속(繼續) 제일(第一) 왕성(旺盛)하다. 3) 엽면증발(葉面蒸發)이 가장 왕성(旺盛)한 시기(時期)인 제6기(第6期) 조생종(早生種)와 제7기(第7期)(중(中), 만생종(晩生種)의 엽면증발량(葉面蒸發量)은 전(全) 생육기간(生育期間)의 총엽면증발량(總葉面蒸發量)의
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The purposes of this thesis are to clarify experimentally the variation of ground water temperature in tube wells during the irrigation period of paddy rice, and the effect of ground water irrigation on the growth, grain yield and yield components of the rice plant, and, furthermore, when and why the plant is most liable to be damaged by ground water, and also to find out the effective ground water irrigation methods. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows; 1. The temperature of ground water in tube wells varies according to the location, year, and the depth of the well. The average temperatures of ground water in a tubewells, 6.3m, 8.0m deep are
Just before the Korean War, the total number of the North Korean troops was 198,380, while that of the ROK(Republic of Korea) army troops 105,752. That is, the total number of the ROK army troops at that time was 53.3% of the total number of the North Korean army. As of December 2008, the total number of the North Korean troops is estimated to be 1,190,000, while that of the ROK troops is 655,000, so the ROK army maintains 55.04% of the total number of the North Korean troops. If the ROK army continues to reduce its troops according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the total number of its troops will be 517,000 m 2020. If North Korea maintains the current status(l,190,000 troops), the number of the ROK troops will be 43.4% of the North Korean army. In terms of units, just before the Korean War, the number of the ROK army divisions and regiments was 80% and 44.8% of North Korean army. As of December 2008, North Korea maintains 86 divisions and 69 regiments. Compared to the North Korean army, the ROK army maintains 46 Divisions (53.4% of North Korean army) and 15 regiments (21.3% of North Korean army). If the ROK army continue to reduce the military units according to [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of ROK army divisions will be 28(13 Active Division, 4 Mobilization Divisions and 11 Local Reserve Divisions), while that of the North Korean army will be 86 in 2020. In that case, the number of divisions of the ROK army will be 32.5% of North Korean army. During the Korean war, North Korea suddenly invaded the Republic of Korea and occupied its capital 3 days after the war began. At that time, the ROK army maintained 80% of army divisions, compared to the North Korean army. The lesson to be learned from this is that, if the ROK army is forced to disperse its divisions because of the simultaneous invasion of North Korea and attack of guerrillas in home front areas, the Republic of Korea can be in a serious military danger, even though it maintains 80% of military divisions of North Korea. If the ROK army promotes the plans in [Military Reform Plan 2020], the number of military units of the ROK army will be 32.5% of that of the North Korean army. This ratio is 2.4 times lower than that of the time when the Korean war began, and in this case, 90% of total military power should be placed in the DMZ area. If 90% of military power is placed in the DMZ area, few troops will be left for the defense of home front. In addition, if the ROK army continues to reduce the troops, it can allow North Korea to have asymmetrical superiority in military force and it will eventually exert negative influence on the stability and peace of the Korean peninsular. On the other hand, it should be reminded that, during the Korean War, the Republic of Korea was attacked by North Korea, though it kept 53.3% of troops, compared to North Korea. It should also be reminded that, as of 2008, the ROK army is defending its territory with the troops 55.04% of North Korea. Moreover, the national defense is assisted by 25,120 troops of the US Forces in Korea. In case the total number of the ROK troops falls below 43.4% of the North Korean army, it may cause social unrest about the national security and may lead North Korea's misjudgement. Besides, according to Lanchester strategy, the party with weaker military power (60% compared to the party with stronger military power) has the 4.1% of winning possibility. Therefore, if we consider the fact that the total number of the ROK army troops is 55.04% of that of the North Korean army, the winning possibility of the ROK army is not higher than 4.1%. If the total number of ROK troops is reduced to 43.4% of that of North Korea, the winning possibility will be lower and the military operations will be in critically difficult situation. [Military Reform Plan 2020] rums at the reduction of troops and units of the ground forces under the policy of 'select few'. However, the problem is that the financial support to achieve this goal is not secured. Therefore, the promotion of [Military Reform Plan 2020] may cause the weakening of military defence power in 2020. Some advanced countries such as Japan, UK, Germany, and France have promoted the policy of 'select few'. However, what is to be noted is that the national security situation of those countries is much different from that of Korea. With the collapse of the Soviet Unions and European communist countries, the military threat of those European advanced countries has almost disappeared. In addition, the threats those advanced countries are facing are not wars in national level, but terrorism in international level. To cope with the threats like terrorism, large scaled army trops would not be necessary. So those advanced European countries can promote the policy of 'select few'. In line with this, those European countries put their focuses on the development of military sections that deal with non-military operations and protection from unspecified enemies. That is, those countries are promoting the policy of 'select few', because they found that the policy is suitable for their national security environment. Moreover, since they are pursuing common interest under the European Union(EU) and they can form an allied force under NATO, it is natural that they are pursing the 'select few' policy. At present, NATO maintains the larger number of troops(2,446,000) than Russia(l,027,000) to prepare for the potential threat of Russia. The situation of japan is also much different from that of Korea. As a country composed of islands, its prime military focus is put on the maritime defense. Accordingly, the development of ground force is given secondary focus. The japanese government promotes the policy to develop technology-concentrated small size navy and air-forces, instead of maintaining large-scaled ground force. In addition, because of the 'Peace Constitution' that was enacted just after the end of World War II, japan cannot maintain troops more than 240,000. With the limited number of troops (240,000), japan has no choice but to promote the policy of 'select few'. However, the situation of Korea is much different from the situations of those countries. The Republic of Korea is facing the threat of the North Korean Army that aims at keeping a large-scale military force. In addition, the countries surrounding Korea are also super powers containing strong military forces. Therefore, to cope with the actual threat of present and unspecified threat of future, the importance of maintaining a carefully calculated large-scale military force cannot be denied. Furthermore, when considering the fact that Korea is in a peninsular, the Republic of Korea must take it into consideration the tradition of continental countries' to maintain large-scale military powers. Since the Korean War, the ROK army has developed the technology-force combined military system, maintaining proper number of troops and units and pursuing 'select few' policy at the same time. This has been promoted with the consideration of military situation in the Koran peninsular and the cooperation of ROK-US combined forces. This kind of unique military system that cannot be found in other countries can be said to be an insightful one for the preparation for the actual threat of North Korea and the conflicts between continental countries and maritime countries. In addition, this kind of technology-force combined military system has enabled us to keep peace in Korea. Therefore, it would be desirable to maintain this technology-force combined military system until the reunification of the Korean peninsular. Furthermore, it is to be pointed out that blindly following the 'select few' policy of advanced countries is not a good option, because it is ignoring the military strategic situation of the Korean peninsular. If the Republic of Korea pursues the reduction of troops and units radically without consideration of the threat of North Korea and surrounding countries, it could be a significant strategic mistake. In addition, the ROK army should keep an eye on the fact the European advanced countries and Japan that are not facing direct military threats are spending more defense expenditures than Korea. If the ROK army reduces military power without proper alternatives, it would exert a negative effect on the stable economic development of Korea and peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsular. Therefore, the desirable option would be to focus on the development of quality of forces, maintaining proper size and number of troops and units under the technology-force combined military system. The tableau above shows that the advanced countries like the UK, Germany, Italy, and Austria spend more defense expenditure per person than the Republic of Korea, although they do not face actual military threats, and that they keep achieving better economic progress than the countries that spend less defense expenditure. Therefore, it would be necessary to adopt the merits of the defense systems of those advanced countries. As we have examined, it would be desirable to maintain the current size and number of troops and units, to promote 'select few' policy with increased defense expenditure, and to strengthen the technology-force combined military system. On the basis of firm national security, the Republic of Korea can develop efficient policies for reunification and prosperity, and jump into the status of advanced countries. Therefore, the plans to reduce troops and units in [Military Reform Plan 2020] should be reexamined. If it is difficult for the ROK army to maintain its size of 655,000 troops because of low birth rate, the plans to establish the prompt mobilization force or to adopt drafting system should be considered for the maintenance of proper number of troops and units. From now on, the Republic of Korean government should develop plans to keep peace as well as to prepare unexpected changes in the Korean peninsular. For the achievement of these missions, some options can be considered. The first one is to maintain the same size of military troops and units as North Korea. The second one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea in terms of military force index. The third one is to maintain the same level of military power as North Korea, with the combination of the prompt mobilization force and the troops in active service under the system of technology-force combined military system. At present, it would be not possible for the ROK army to maintain such a large-size military force as North Korea (1,190,000 troops and 86 units). So it would be rational to maintain almost the same level of military force as North Korea with the combination of the troops on the active list and the prompt mobilization forces. In other words, with the combination of the troops in active service (60%) and the prompt mobilization force (40%), the ROK army should develop the strategies to harmonize technology and forces. The Korean government should also be prepared for the strategic flexibility of USFK, the possibility of American policy change about the location of foreign army, radical unexpected changes in North Korea, the emergence of potential threat, surrounding countries' demand for Korean force for the maintenance of regional stability, and demand for international cooperation against terrorism. For this, it is necessary to develop new approaches toward the proper number and size of troops and units. For instance, to prepare for radical unexpected political or military changes in North Korea, the Republic of Korea should have plans to protect a large number of refugees, to control arms and people, to maintain social security, and to keep orders in North Korea. From the experiences of other countries, it is estimated that 115,000 to 230,000 troops, plus ten thousands of police are required to stabilize the North Korean society, in the case radical unexpected military or political change happens in North Korea. In addition, if the Republic of Korea should perform the release of hostages, control of mass destruction weapons, and suppress the internal wars in North Korea, it should send 460,000 troops to North Korea. Moreover, if the Republic of Korea wants to stop the attack of North Korea and flow of refugees in DMZ area, at least 600,000 troops would be required. In sum, even if the ROK army maintains 600,000 troops, it may need additional 460,000 troops to prepare for unexpected radical changes in North Korea. For this, it is necessary to establish the prompt mobilization force whose size and number are almost the same as the troops in active service. In case the ROK army keeps 650,000 troops, the proper number of the prompt mobilization force would be 460,000 to 500,000.