• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.973-984
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• 2014

Seasonal and stational variation of SS and COD were investigated from February 2008 to December 2010 and the relationship between them was discussed. During three years monitoring, SS decreased significantly (46% decline) possibly due to the increase of precipitation and thereby resulting salinity drop. COD on average was the highest in 2009. SS was the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter, and over 72% of SS was FSS. While SS is high in the upper sampling stations of the bay with shallow water, COD values do not show any relationship to the geomorphological characteristics. $COD_{ins}$, which was defined as COD after filtration, ranged 56%(winter) ~ 44.6%(summer) and showed no correlation with SS. It indicates that high SS concentration is not necessarily related to the high $COD_{ins}$. The seasonal $COD_{ins}$/SS data, which can be interpreted as COD density in SS, shows that SS in winter contains the dense COD materials compared to the other seasons.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound in plant and can be converted to nitrite in the nitrogen cycle and vice versa. Therefore, it is easy to find nitrate in plants including vegetables. Especially, it is known that high levels of nitrate found in leafy vegetables. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic but its metabolites and reaction products such as nitrite, nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, may produce adverse health effects such as methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenesis. To execute the risk assessment of dietary nitrate and nitrite for the intake of vegetables, it is investigated that the levels of nitrate and nitrite in 23 vegetables (798 samples). The range of concentration were 0-6,719mg/kg for nitrate and 0-1,635mg/kg for nitrite, respectively. The Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 0.85-1.38 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate and 0.02-0.03 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite by ages. We conclude that there are no health concerns for eating various vegetables since the EDI were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (3.7 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate, 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite) level established by WHO.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Natural products or active components with a protective effect against oxidative stress have attracted significant attention for prevention and treatment of degenerative disease. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers derived from Litchi chinensis Sonn. We investigated the protective effect and its related mechanism of oligonol against oxidative stress. MATERIALS/METHODS: Oxidative stress in C6 glial cells was induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and the protective effects of oligonol on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis, and mRNA expression related to oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with oligonol inhibited NO and ROS formation under cellular oxidative stress in C6 glial cells. In addition, it recovered cell viability in a dose dependent-manner. Treatment with oligonol also resulted in down-regulated mRNA expression related to oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), compared with the control group treated with $H_2O_2$. In particular, expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65, COX-2, and iNOS was effectively reduced to the normal level by treatment with $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $25{\mu}g/mL$ of oligonol. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that oligonol has protective activity against oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Oligonol might be a promising agent for treatment of degenerative diseases through inhibition of ROS formation and NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway gene expression.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1101-1121
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• 2015

The seasonal variation of phytoplankton communities and its standing crops in accordance with environmental factors were investigated at Yeongrang-ho, Cheongcho-ho, Mae-ho and Hyang-ho which are located in the East coast of Korea during April to October 2011. High concentrations of T-N and T-P were observed in four lagoons due to the inflowing nutrients from farmlands and residential areas near lagoons. Nutrient salts mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphate caused the eutrophication of the lakes, leading to the robust growth of phytoplankton. During the period of investigation, 64 to 107 taxa of phytoplankton were observed in four lagoons. Diatoms were the most dominant species with high density. Non-point pollution source was estimated as the main cause of water pollution of lagoons. Trophic states of lagoons evaluated using the value of TSI and TSIKO indicated that all the investigated lagoons were in the eutrophication state.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국IT서비스학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.425-430
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• 2008

USN의 발전으로 인해 인간 중심의 정보화 사회에서 사물 간에도 정보들을 유기적으로 결합하여 활용하는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 사회로 급격히 변모하고 있다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 인프라를 성공적으로 구축하기 위해서는 센서노드에 대한 기술의 발전과 함께 USN 미들웨어에 대한 연구가 필요하다. USN의 핵심기술 중 하나인 USN 미들웨어는 시스템 소프트웨어로써 USN 응용에서 USN 계층의 자원과 데이타를 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 다양한 기본 서비스를 제공한다. USN 디렉토리 서비스는 이와 같은 USN 미들웨어의 핵심 컴포넌트로서 USN 응용이 필요로 하는 USN 자원에 대한 정보를 검색하는 기능을 수행한다. 분산된 USN 자원에 대한 메타데이타의 효율적인 검색은 분산된 환경에서의 USN 디렉토리 서비스의 핵심요소이며 최근 이에 대한 연구가 보이고 있다. 분산 USN 디렉토리 서비스에서의 메타데이타 검색 모델은 크게 중앙 집중식(Centralized) 모델, 계층식(Hierarchical) 모델, P2P(Peer-to-Peer) 모델이 있다. 그러나 현재 메타데이타 검색 모델에 대한 연구는 원하는 메타데이타를 찾기 위한 서버 검색 회수만을 대상으로 하고 있으며 실제 단말 간 응답시간에 영향을 미치는 지연시간은 고려하지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 실제 단말 간 응답시간에 영향을 미치는 검색회수와 지연시간을 고려한 하이브리드 모델을 제안하고, 하이브리드 모델이 계층 모델에서 검색 시 불필요한 검색횟수의 증가와 P2P 모델의 광범위한 지역에서 응답시간이 증가하게 되는 단점을 개선할 수 있음을 보인다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.30.1-30.11
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• 2018

Background: Recently, as production costs have been increasing owing to rising feed prices worldwide, shortening the age of slaughter has been recognized as a way to increase farm income. In Korea, the raising period for Hanwoo steers is over 31 months with the delay of weaning and castration stated as one of the reasons for the increase in the raising period. Thus far, studies on age of weaning and castration have been conducted individually, and there have been no studies on the combined effects of weaning and castration ages on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Weaning ages were calculated at 80 or 130 days of age, and castration ages were calculated at 90 days and 180 days of age. Calves were allocated to one of the four treatment groups: W80C90 (weaning at 80 days of age and castration at 90 days of age), W80C180, W130C90, and W130C180. Results: For the entire experimental period, weaning and castration ages did not significantly affect growth performance of Hanwoo steers. In addition, weaning and castration ages did not affect the overall yield and quality traits of carcass in Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Weaning and castration ages had small effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Therefore, the early weaning and castration ages are recommended to reduce the slaughter age without any negative effects on meat quality grade.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

In this year, Koreans have a shortage in agricultural and drinking water due to severe algal blooms generated in major lakes. Waste oyster shells were obtained from temporary storage near the workplace at which oysters were separated from their shells. Heating ($1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in air) was employed to convert raw oyster shell powders into calcium oxide powders that reacted efficiently with phosphorus and nitrogen to remove algal blooms from eutrophicated wastewater. As the dispersed amount of heated oyster shell powders was increased, water clarity and visual light penetration were improved. Coagulation, precipitation and carbonation process of the heated oyster shell powders in a water purifier facilitated removal of eutrophication nutrient such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which is both beneficial and economically viable. $CO_2$ implantation by carbonation treatment not only produced thermodynamically stable CaO in oyster shells to derive precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) but also accelerated algal removal by activation of coagulation and precipitation process. The use of oyster shell powders led to a mean reduction of 97% in total phosphate (T-P), a mean reduction of 91% in total nitrogen (T-N) and a maximum reduction of 51% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared with the total pollutant load of raw algal solution. Remarkable water quality improvement of algal removal by heated oyster shell powders and PCC carbonation treatment will allow utilization as water resources to agricultural or industrial use.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to introduce a case of osteochondral lesions of the left talus caused by ankle sprain and suggest complex traditional Korean medical care with warm needling therapy as a possible method of conservative treatment. Methods : A 20-year-old male with osteochondral lesions of the left talus complaining of ankle pain and restricted range of movement was treated mainly with warm needling therapy and other combined Korean medicine therapy from January 5, 2015 to January 12, 2015. Improvements of symptoms were measured by American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS Score), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Range of movement (ROM). Results : During 8 days of treatment, the patient showed gradual improvement in AOFAS score, VAS at rest and at weight bearing position, as well as ROM of the ankle. Conclusion : According to the result, warm needling therapy is a possible conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Further studies are needed regarding possible longterm effects.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2007

ENPP2, a 125 kDa secreted lysophopholipase D which originally identified as a tumor-motogen, Autotaxin, enhances cellular locomotion, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell survival by generating the signal molecule lysophosphatic acid or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Previous studies have suggested that expression of Autotaxin is associated with invasive phenotype in advanced breast carcinomas. Thus, to determine whether genetic alterations of ENPP2 gene are involved in the development or progression of breast cancer, we analyzed its somatic mutation in 85 breast carcinomas by single-stranded conformational polymorphism and sequencing. Overall, six ENPP2 mutations were found (7.0%), comprising five missense and one nonsense mutation (s). To our knowledge, this is the first report on ENPP2 mutation in breast carcinoma, and the data indicate that ENPP2 is occasionally mutated in breast carcinomas, and suggest that ENPP2 mutation may contribute to the tumor development in some breast carcinomas.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.24-51
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to introduce Whidam's Su-Gi therapy(WST.) as a remarkable traditional manual therapy. Main subject : WST. is a traditional manual therapy from Do-In(導引) An-Kyo(按蹻) that treats disease by controlling Gi(Gi-Gong therapy). It makes treatment effects by pushing Sa-Gi(邪氣) which becomes aggregation-accumulation(積聚) to right places by using pointillage, stroking, and rubbing with doctor's focused intention(意念). The cervical spine connects body and brain, so treating cervical spine could be a foundation of all treatment. Discussion : WST. is a manual therapy that treats not only muscles, nerves, vessels, joints but also Oriental medicine concept-meridian, acupoint and Gi(氣). Conclusions: 1) WST. is a traditional manual therapy using Gi-Gong, 2) WST. changes Sa-Gi(邪氣) into Jung-Gi(正氣), which means curing aggregation-accumulation(積聚), 3) Cervical WST. treats a passage that connects upper and lower parts of human body; heart and brain, and 4) Cervical WST. is a treatment to activate So-Ju-Cheon(小周天), which controls human body immunity.