• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1622-1633
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• 2002

The effects of tuna oil supplementation (0, 1, 2 and 3%) to pig diets on growth and carcass yield as well as meat quality were determined in 40 crossbred pigs. Animals were fattened from 30 to 90 kg of live-weight. Twenty-four hours after slaughter, following various early- and late-post mortem measurements, loin, backfat and belly were prepared from the carcasses. Bacon was produced from the belly part by curing and smoking. Neither performance (feed intake, daily gains, feed conversion efficiency) nor carcass quality (slaughter weight, dressing percentage, lean percentage, nutrient composition of the loin) were significantly affected by tuna oil supplementation. Tuna oil also had no clear effects on early- and late-post mortem meat quality traits, water-holding capacity and tenderness of the M. longissiumus dorsi (LD). Colour traits of LD and backfat, and backfat firmness were not significantly affected by tuna oil, either. However, there was a certain trend to elevated fat contents of LD (and bacon), but not of backfat, with increasing levels of tuna oil in feed. Pigs receiving elevated proportions of tuna oil expressed lower VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood plasma, whereas the cholesterol content of LD, backfat and bacon did not reflect this trend. Effects of tuna oil on fatty acids in LD, backfat and bacon were often small in extent, except those concerning the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. With 3% tuna oil in the diet, the contents of the particularly desired omega-3 fatty acids, C20:5 and C22:6, were 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg in LD. The corresponding values for backfat and bacon were 2.6 and 12.6 g/kg, and 1.3 and 9.2 g/kg, respectively. Tuna oil supplementation was associated with significant adverse effects on flavour and overall acceptance of bacon (not significant in LD although numerically the same trend was noted), but these effects on sensory ratings were limited in extent. Also shelf life of the products, determined as TBA value after different storage periods at $4^{\circ}C$ in LD, backfat and bacon, was significantly reduced. Overall, the present study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be enriched in pork by feeding tuna oil with few undesired side-effects, particularly those on sensory perception and shelf life, suggesting immediate consumption of the products is advisable. Most economically important traits (performance, slaughter and physical meat quality) remained unaffected.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.473-482
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• 1991

Protein methylase II (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.24., PM II) was purified from chicken pancreas by subcellular fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, QAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, Sephadex G-75 chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 rechromatography. The purified PM II gave a single band upon polyarcrylamide gel electrophoresis both in the presence of SDS and in Tris glycine buffer without SDS. The pI value of purified PM II was identified as 5.7 on isoelectric focusing gel. Properties and activities of PM II were studied and the following results were obtained. 1) PM II from chicken pancreas was purified approximately 221-fold with a yield of 1.3%. 2) The purified PM II appear constituted of a single polypeptide chain of a molecular weight 46,800 daltons. 3) Hemoglobin exhibited the highest of methyl-accepting activity among the substrates tested. 4) The purified PM II has a $K_m$ of $4.67{\times}10^{-6}M$ and a $V_{max}$ of 37.5 pmoles of $methyl-^{14}C/min./mg$ enzyme for $SAM^{-14}CH_3$ as methyl donor in the presence of histone type II-As. 5) It is found that S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is a competitive inhibitor for PM II with $K_i$ value of $3.23{\times}10^{-5}M$.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of commodity trade in Korea and China and to examine the implications of China's GVC shift from export to domestic market on its impact on Korea's trade. Design/methodology - This study selected 30 major trading partner countries. The dependent variable is the trade volume, and the independent variables are general economic factors such as gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, distance, and FTA. Findings - The trade pattern of Korea's commodities shows that GDP has a positive relationship with trade, import, and export. Distance has a significant negative relationship with total trade, import, and export. FTA is significant for import but it is not significant for total trade and export. The trade pattern of China's commodities shows that GDP has a significant positive relationship with total trade, import, and export. Distance has a negative relationship with trade, import, and export. GDP per capita is not significant for total trade and import, but it is significant for export. FTA is significant for total trade and export, but it is not significant for import. Originality/value - Existing papers were studied mainly in certain industrial sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, automobile industry and steel industry. This paper attempts to collects vast amounts of data about the 30 countries of Korea and China respectively and analyzes by Random Effect Model dividing the goods (0 to 9) in units of STIC (Rev. 4). The major contribution is that the decision factors affecting commodity trade can be analyzed in SITC units (0-9) to obtain analysis results that are subdivided by product group and organized by product.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

국내에서 육종한 11가지 고구마의 전분 특성을 구명하여 새로운 식품 소재의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 전분의 이화학, 호화 및 소화 특성을 조사하였다. 아밀로스 함량은 12.5-17.4%의 범위를 보였으며, 아밀로펙틴 가지 사슬 분포는 시료 간에 유사하였다. 증미 전분의 아밀로펙틴 분자량이 가장 컸으며 대유미 전분은 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 모든 고구마 전분의 X선 회절 양상은 C형 중에서도 A형에 가까운 $C_a$형을 나타내었다. 시차주사열량계로 측정한 열 특성에서 11품종 고구마 전분 중 신율미와 증미의 호화 온도가 높았고, 해피미는 낮았다. Rapid Visco Analyser로 페이스트 특성을 살펴보았을 때, 호화시간은 전분 입자의 크기, 최고점도, 강하점도와 음의 상관을 나타내었으며, 해피미가 가장 낮은 호화 온도와 치반점도를 보였고 강하점도와 최고점도 및 최종점도가 높았다. 소화 특성에서 증미의 RS 함량이 가장 많았으며, 신율미와 해피미는 SDS 함량이 많았다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1545-1555
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• 2022

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2% increase in dietary total digestible nutrients (TDN) value during the growing (7 to 12 mo of age) and fattening (13 to 30 mo of age) period of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Two hundred and twenty Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of two treatments: i) a control group (basal TDN, BTDN, n = 111 steers, growing = 70.5%, early fattening = 71.0%, late fattening = 74.0%) or high TDN (HTDN, n = 109 steers, growing = 72.6%, early = 73.1%, late = 76.2%). Growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, and gene expression of longissimus dorsi (LD) (7, 18, and 30 mo) were quantified. Results: Steers on the BTDN diets had increased (p≤0.02) DMI throughout the feeding trial compared to HTDN, but gain did not differ appreciably. A greater proportion of cattle in HTDN received Korean quality grade 1 (82%) or greater compared to BTDN (77%), while HTDN had a greater yield grade (29%) than BTDN (20%). Redness (a^*) of LD muscle was improved (p = 0.021) in steers fed HTDN. Feeding the HTDN diet did not alter blood parameters. Steers fed HTDN diet increased (p = 0.015) the proportion of stearic acid and tended to alter linoleic acid. Overall, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of LD muscle were not impacted by the HTDN treatment. A treatment by age interaction was noted for mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA, IIX, and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) (p≤0.026). No treatment effect was detected on gene expression from LD muscle biopsies at 7, 18, and 30 mo of age; however, an age effect was detected for all variables measured (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicated that feeding HTDN diet could improve overall quality grade while minimum effects were noted in gene expression, blood parameters, and growing performance. Cattle performance prediction in the feedlot is a critical decision-making tool for optimal planning of cattle fattening and these data provide both benchmark physiological parameters and growth performance measures for Hanwoo cattle feeding enterprises.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 내의 단일염기변이들을 규명하고 그 유전자형 효과가 유전자표지인자를 이용한 선발(Marker assisted selection, MAS)에 활용 가능한지를 검증하기 위해서 수행되었다. 한국재래돼지의 MC4R 유전자 총 염기서열을 분석하기 위해 6개의 Primer들을 이용하여 증폭산물을 생성하였으며, 염기서열분석을 통해 총 6개(c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His, c.892A>G-Asp298Asn, c.*430A>T)의 단일염기변이를 발견하였다. 한국재래돼지 MC4R 유전자내의 총 6개의 단일염기변이들간의 연관불균형과 반수체 분석을 통해 단일염기변이들간의 연관성을 분석하였으며, c.-780C>G, c-135C>T, c.175C>T-Leu59Leu, c.707A>G-Arg236His와 c.*430A>T는 완전한 연관불균형을 이루고 있었고, c.892A>G(Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이만 $r^2$-value가 0.028, D'-value가 0.348로 연관불균형 정도가 매우 낮았다. c.707A>G (Arg236His)와 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이들을 선발하여 PCR-RFLP 유전자형 분석방법을 이용해 돼지 5품종간의 유전자형 빈도를 추정한 결과, c.707A>G (Arg236His) 단일염기변이는 요크셔 품종 집단에서 오직 A (His) 대립유전자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 한국재래돼지, 랜드레이스, 버크셔와 듀록 품종에서는 G 대립유전자의 고정으로 나타났다. c.707A>G 단일염기변이와 육질형질을 484두에서 연관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 조지방, 등심 내의 수분, 육색, 적색도 그리고 황색도 등에서 유의적인 연관성을 관찰할 수 있었다. c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이의 유전자형 빈도는 품종별로 차이가 났으며, A (Asn) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 듀록으로 나타났고, G (Asp) 대립유전자의 빈도가 가장 높은 품종은 한국재래돼지로 조사되었다. c.892A>G (Asp 298Asn) 단일염기변이와 돼지 4 집단의 육질형질을 1,126두에서 분석한 결과, 등지방두께에 고도의 유의적인 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다(P<0.002). AA 유전자형을 가진 개체가 AG나 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체보다 등지방두께가 두꺼운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 MC4R 유전자 내의 c.892A>G (Asp298Asn) 단일염기변이는 돼지의 선발개량에 유전자표지인자로서 충분한 효과가 있음을 검증하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10225-10229
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• 2015

Genetic polymorphisms in homologous recombination repair genes cause an abnormal development of cancerous cells. In the present study we evaluated the possibility of breast cancer association with single nucleotide polymorphisms of RAD51, XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes. Polymorphisms selected in this study were RAD51 135G/C, XRCC2 Arg188His; and XRCC3 Thr241Met. Each polymorphism was genotyped using Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in study cohort of 306 females (156 breast cancer patients and 150 controls). We observed that heterozygous variant genotype (GC) of RAD51 135 G/C polymorphism was associated with a significantly (OR=2.70; 95%CI (0.63-1.79); p<0.03) increased risk of breast cancer. In case of the XRCC3 gene we observed that frequency of heterozygous (OR=2.88; 95%CI (1.02-8.14); p<0.02) and homozygous (OR=1.46; 95%CI (0.89-2.40); p<0.04) genotype of Thr241Met polymorphism were significantly higher in breast cancer patients. For the Arg188His polymorphism of XRCC2, ~2fold increase in breast cancer risk (OR=1.6, 95%CI = 0.73-3.50) was associated with GA genotype with a p value for trend of 0.03. Our results suggest that the 135G/C polymorphism of the RAD51, Thr241Met polymorphism of XRCC3 and Arg188His polymorphism of XRCC2 can be independent markers of breast cancer risk in Pakistan.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

The main goal of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among 36 grape cultivars grown in Palestine by using ISSR-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints. Among the tested primers, 17 produced reasonable amplification products with high intensity and pattern stability. A total of 57 DNA fragments (loci) separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels were detected and they ranged in size, from 150 to 900 bp. Out of these fragments, 55 (88%) were polymorphic and 2 (3.5%) monomorphic. Our results also revealed an average of 3.1 loci per primer. A minimum of 1 and maximum of 10 DNA fragments were obtained (S-17, #820 and #841) and (S-31) primers, respectively. Therefore, the later primer (S-31) is considered to be the most powerful primer among the tested ones. The genetic distance matrix showed an average distance range of between 0.05 and 0.76. The maximum genetic distance value of 0.76 (24% similarity) was exhibited between the (Shami and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) as well as (Bairuti and Marawi.Hamadani.Adi) genotypes. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance of 0.05 (95% similarity) was exhibited between (Jandali.Tawel.Mofarad and Jandali. Kurawi.Mlzlz) along with (Shami.Aswad and Shami.mtartash. mlwn) genotypes. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram generally clusters the grape cultivars into eight major clusters in addition to an isolated genotype. Based on these figures, the cultivars tested in this study could be characterized by large divergence at the DNA level. This is taking the assumption that our region has a very rich and varied clonal grape genetic structure.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.108-131
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• 2021

The increase of international trade across countries and borders results in increased risks associated with the inflow of new pests and diseases. These risks are likely to be increased more rapidly due to climate change. Some countries implement strict regulations on imports to prevent these risks and protect biosecurity, food safety, and public health. However, the problems arise when the diseases and pests are found in a country where their economic structure largely depends on agricultural exports and cause ripple effects on other industries and ecosystems. Therefore, establishing an effective quarantine system is essential to protect and recover from the damage caused by non-native diseases and pests. This study's objectives are 1) analyzing the agricultural policies relate to the quarantine system on diseases and pests in Korea, 2) evaluating the Korea plant quarantine system's value, and 3) simulating plant quarantine policy strategies. We estimated the Korean quarantine system's benefits on diseases and pests to reach these objectives. The benefits are measured with a willingness to pay from respondents surveyed by the contingent valuation method (CVM). The CVM approach directly asks people how much they would willingly pay for food security. Finally, the Korean quarantine system's values are simulated with several policy scenarios and different scales of infection at the regional level. The results of this study can deliver policy implications on the quarantine system innovation in developing countries including Asia.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.654-670
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods: The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results: Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63℃ for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×10² CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×10⁴ CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion: The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.