• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.229-233
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• 2007

This study is to test the applicability of QuickBird image for non-point source pollution assessment. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was adopted and the model was calibrated for a stream watershed of 255.4 $km^2$ Landsat land use data. For model application with QuickBird image, a precise agricultural land use map of 1.16 $km^2$ area located in the upstream watershed was produced by field investigation. The model was run with the combination of land use and soil map scales (1:5,000, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000). The results were compared and analyzed for the contribution of non-point source pollution by the land use scale and contents.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

Event mean concentration (EMC) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is primary information for non-point source pollution assessment of a watershed. The EMCs for various types of agriculture such as dairy and crop farming under different climate and geologic conditions are not fully investigated. A diary- and cropfarming complex agricultural watershed in Piedmont region in Maryland, USA has been monitored for 10 years as a section 319 national monitoring program of US EPA. Dairy manure was the main source of fertilizer for crop farming in this watershed. Observed mean concentrations of N and P for each event were analyzed. Distribution of EMCs for N and P showed a wide range of variations. Representative EMCs of T-N and $NO_{3}-N$ tended to be higher than those reported for other agricultural watersheds. This study confirmed that site-specific EMC information for various agricultural practices is required for better assessment of non-point source pollution using EMC method.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.405-422
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• 2020

Land use change by urbanization has significantly affected the hydrological process including the runoff characteristics. Due to this situation, it has been becoming more complicated to manage non-point source pollutions caused by rainfall. In order to effectively control non-point sources, it is necessary to identify the reduction efficiency of the various management method based on land use characteristics. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the reduction efficiency of non-point source pollution management practices targeting three different watersheds with the different land use characteristics using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). To do this, the vulnerable subwatersheds to non-point source pollution occurrence within each watershed were selected based on the streamflow and water quality simulation results. Then, considering the land use, low impact development (LID) or best management practices (BMPs) were applied to the selected subwatersheds and the efficiency of each management was analyzed. As a result of analysis of the non-point source pollution reduction efficiency, when LID was applied to urban areas, the average reduction efficiencies of SS, NO₃-N, and TP were 5.92%, 4.62%, and 10.35%, respectively. When BMPs were applied to rural areas, the average reduction efficiencies of SS, TN and TP were 35.45%, 4.37%, and 10.16%, respectively. The results of this study can be used as a reference for determining appropriate management methods for non-point source pollution in urban, rural, and complex watersheds.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to establish the databases of pollutant sources and water quality measurement data by utilizing GIS, and making the user interface for the management of pollutant sources. Yeongsan Estuarine Lake was formed of a huge levee of 4.35 km constructed by an agricultural reclamation project. Water quality of the reservoir has been degraded gradually, which mainly attributes to increase of point and non-point source pollutant loads from the lake's watershed of 33,374.3 $\textrm{km}^2$ into it. Application of GIS to establishment of the database was researched of pint source such as domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, farm wastes, and fishery wastes, and non-pont source such as residence, rice and upland field, and forest runoffs of the watershed of the lake. NT Acr/Info and ArcView were mainly utilized for the database formation. Land use of the watershed using LANDSAT image data was analyzed for non-point source pollutant load estimation. Pollutant loads from the watershed into the reservoir were calculated using the GIS database and BOD, TN, TP load units of point and non-point sources. Total BOD, TN, TP loads into it reached approximately to 141, 715, 2,094 and 4,743 kg/day respectively. The loads can be used as input parameters for water quality predicting model of it. A user-friendly interface program was developed using Dialog Designer and Avenue Script of AcrView, which can perform spatial analysis of point and non-point sources, calculate pollutant inputs from the sources, update attribute data of them, delete and add point sources, identify locations and volumes of water treatment facilities, and examine water quality data of water sampling points.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2008

A field monitoring was conducted in order to find out the discharge characteristics of non-point source pollutants in the agricultural area. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of TSS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, TP, TN was calculated based on the monitoring data of 10 rainfall events at agricultural watersheds. A significant relationship was observed from the correlation between EMCs and rainfall characteristics. The result shows that EMC ranges of 95% confidence intervals were 50.5~203 mg/L for TSS, 0.8~14.2 mg/L for $BOD_5$, 4.2~20.7 mg/L for $COD_{Mn}$, 2.4~4.5 mg/L for TN and 0.2~0.5 mg/L for TP, respectively. The correlation coefficients between TSS and TP and between $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$ were found to be 0.912 and 0.961. But TN was lower correlated with other EMC factors. It was also found that rainfall characteristics was not correlated with EMCs.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

새만금 유역은 BOD와 TP의 비점오염배출 비중이 각각 68.4와 61.4% (2009년 기준)로 점오염원에 비해 높게 나타나므로 새만금 수질관리를 위해서는 비점오염원에 대한 대책수립이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 새만금 유역 최적관리기법 대상지 선정을 위해 비점오염원의 영향이 큰 농업지역을 중심으로, 그리고 부영양화에 주요인자인 총인(TP)을 기준으로 농업비점오염대책 우선지구를 선정하고자 하였다. 우선지구 선정방안은 의사결정에 의한 오염영향 지수를 이용한 정성분석 방법으로 수계에 비점오염원(TP기준)이 작용하는 단계를 크게 발생, 배출, 유출 관련지표로 구분하여 비점오염원 영향지수(NPSI; Non-point Source Index)를 산정하였으며, 전문가 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)분석을 통해 지표의 가중치를 결정하였다. NPSI 산정에는 행정구역 745개의 동리단위 기준으로 비점발생특성(해당 지역의 액비살포 면적, 축사 면적, 논면적, 밭면적, 인산질 비료사용량), 비점배출특성(수질오염 총량관리제의 축산계 비점오염원 배출부하량, 토지계 배출부하량), 비점유출특성(토양유실량, 불투수율, 유출곡선지수, 유달거리, 유효강우비)의 총 12개의 지표가 적용되었다. GIS (Geographical Information System) 분석을 이용한 NPSI 산정결과 새만금 유역 농업비점관리지역 우선지구 후보지로 만경강 5지점과 동진강 5지점을 선정하였다. 우선지구 후보지의 선정원인은 주로 축산에서 기인한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 AHP 분석결과 축산관련 지표의 가중치가 높았기 때문으로 사료된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to develop a relational database management system(RDBMS) to collect, manage and analyze data on agricultural non-point source(NPS) pollution. The system consists of the relational database for agricultural NPS data and data process modules. The data process modules were composed of four sub-modules for data input, management, analysis, and output. The data collected from the watershed of the upper Cheongmi stream and Geunsam-Ri were used in this study. The database was constructed using Apache Derby with meteorological, hydrological, water quality, and soil characteristics. Agricultural NPS-Data Management System(ANPS-DMS) was developed using Oracle Java. The system developed in this study can deal with a variety of agricultural NPS data and is expected to provide an appropriate data management tool for agricultural NPS studies.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

A vegetative filter strip (VFS) is one of the best management practices (BMPs) to reduce pollutant loads. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of VFS in dense upland field areas. The study areas are agricultural fields in the Maedae (MD), Gaa (GA), and Jaun (JU) watersheds, where severe sediment yields have occurred and the Korean government has designated them as non-point management regions. The agricultural fields were divided into three or four clusters for each watershed based on their slope, slope length, and area (e.g., MD1, MD2). To assess the sediment trapping (STE) and pesticide reduction efficiency (PRE) of VFS, the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD) was applied with three different scenarios (SC) (SC1: VFS with rye vegetation; SC2: VFS with rye vegetation and a gentle slope in VFS range; and SC3: VFS with grass mixture). For SC1, there were relatively short slope lengths and small areas in the MD1 and GA3 clusters, and they showed higher pollutant reduction (STE>50%, PRE>25%). For SC2 and SC3, all clusters in GA and some clusters (MD1 and MD3) in MD show higher pollutant reduction (>25%), while the uplands in JU still show a lower pollutant (<25%). With correlation analysis between geographic characteristics and VFS effectiveness slope and slope length showed relative higher correlations with the pollutant efficiency than a area. The results of this study implied that slope and slope length should be considered to find suitable upland conditions for VFS installations.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

The Doam Lake watershed has a significant impact on the downstream water system due to nutrients and sediment outflow during rainfall caused by steep slopes, soil losses, and fertilization. These non-point sources are unclear in the discharge area and are affected by land use patterns, soil characteristics, and topographical features of the watershed. Therefore, this study conducted rainfall monitoring from July to October 2019 in Songcheon upstream of the Doam Lake watershed, one of the non-point pollution source management areas. Then, after analyzing rainfall runoff, Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and Mass First Flush ratio (MFFn) were calculated to compare and analyze the characteristics of rainfall and the non-point pollutant discharge. As a result of the analysis, it showed various non-point pollutant emission characteristics for each rainfall event. In addition, the concentration of EMC and the MFFn were affected by the average rainfall intensity and the maximum rainfall intensity, and were not significantly affected by the number of antecedent drying days. In the future, it is expected that effective non-point source reduction measures and management measures according to rainfall intensity through continuous monitoring and analysis will be needed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2022

The Ministry of Environment has been working to reduce the impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, and social costs caused by soil runoff from highland Agricultural fields by setting up non-point pollution source management districts. To reduce soil loss, runoff path reduction technology has been applied, but it has been less cost effective. In addition, non-point pollution sources cause environmental conflicts in downstream areas, and recently highland Agricultural fields are becoming vulnerable to climate change. The Ministry of Environment is promoting the optimal management plan in earnest to convert arable land into forests and grasslands, but since non-point pollution is not a simple environmental problem, it is necessary to approach it from the aspect of NbS(Nature-Based Solution). In this study, a scenario for applying the nature-based solution was established for three subwatersheds west of Haean-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. The soil loss distribution was spatialized through GeoWEPP and the amount of soil loss was compared for the non-point pollution reduction effect of mixed forests and grasslands. When cultivated land with a slope of 20% or more and ginseng fields were restored to perennial grasslands and mixed forests, non-point pollution reduction effects of about 32% and 29.000 tons compared to the current land use were shown. Also, it was confirmed that mixed forest rather than perennial grassland is an effective nature-based solution to reduce non-point pollution.