• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.245-260
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• 2009

Environmentally friendly agricultural products(EFAPs) are on an increasing trend of supply, but not much enhancing the rate of consumption due to higher premiums and consumers' safety concerns. In order to enlarge the consumption of EFAPs and secure the income of the producing farmers, wholesale market should increase the treating amount of EFAPs and introduce traceability system for satisfying consumers' safety concerns. The purpose of this study is to present strategies of traceability system in wholesale market for environmentally friendly agricultural products. For this purpose, current traceability systems that are introduced and managed by government and private association are examined. For the successful management of the EFAPs' traceability system in wholesale market, the trading system, the functions of wholesale market, the level of consumers' safety concerns, and the managing costs should be considered.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Purpose - The Garak agricultural wholesale market ('Garak Market') plays a central role in the distribution of agricultural products in Korea and is important in connecting consumers with producers. However, problems regarding inefficiencies and the high-cost structure of the wholesale market's distribution/logistical system are being raised in relation to severe competition among retailers. Furthermore, the service needs of retailers and market users are not being fulfilled due to the inconsistency of the wholesale market's functions and facilities, thus reducing the competitiveness of the market. In this regard, innovative changes are being requested of the agricultural wholesale market according to changes in the agricultural product distribution environment. In particular, the lack of unloading facilities and the outdated unloading system of the wholesale market must be improved to enhance system efficiency. Research design, data, and methodology - This study observed the problems of the unloading system of the agricultural wholesale market in order to present relevant measures for improvement. The need for unloading auctions was also researched in this study. The survey of 70 forwarders belonging to the producing district distributor association of the Garak market was conducted by post. Additionally, 20 auction dealers and 59 shippers and transporters were individually interviewed. The survey on the need for unloading auctions used five-point Likert Scales. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS WIN 12.0 software. Results - First, the wholesale market must employ members of the unloading labor union to allow these employees to directly manage the unloading process. Second, it is crucial to revise regulations to ensure that the principal agent pays the unloading cost according to the standard unloading cost system. Third, the vehicle auction carried out for certain vegetable products must be converted to the unloaded auction system. According to the related interviews with the wholesale market's distribution agents, whereas shippers and transporters recognized the need for unloaded auctions, auction dealers tend to have a negative view of this system. Furthermore, the stated reasons in favor of unloaded cabbage, radish, and other vegetable auctions were prevention of constraint, creation of transparent trade conditions, and reduction of corrected seller tickets. Many of the respondents answered that the transport cost reduction rate in unloaded auctions must be below 20%. Fourth, the unloading system must be mechanized and a detailed, reasonable plan must be provided to settle the existing conflict with the unloading labor union. Conclusions - The proposals in this study are expected to play an important role in improving the cargo handling system of the wholesale agricultural product market in the future. Improving the system is expected to help shore up the competitiveness of the industry. If all the related bodies closely cooperate with each other and work harder, taking advantage of the synergies created by the facility modernization project, the Garak market will play a pivotal role in the distribution of agricultural products.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.291-297
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• 2012

Garlic is one of the most important seasoning vegetables in Korea. Basically, Korea has two trading systems for garlic at the wholesale market, and academic discussions about this trading system couldn't get the conclusion. The purpose of this paper is to review the marketing structure of garlic and to analyze the trading systems for garlic at the wholesale market through survey analysis. The results of studies present a few findings: First, marketers for garlic show different preferences about the trading systems of garlic at the wholesale market. Especially, the size of volume of trading garlic affects the preference of the trading system. Second, the trading systems have various problems, which are claimed by marketers. These problems need to be improved for the more efficient trading at the wholesale market. Third, the current trading systems for garlic at the wholesale market need to be continued, and they should freely selected by marketers.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2014

The Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fisheries Product, which specifies rules and regulations on the trading system of fishery products wholesales markets, has been revised several times, mainly in order to improve the trading system. However, there is still a huge gap between the reality and law when it comes to the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market. This study aims to analyze the problems of the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market and to suggest ways to make improvement. The main problem facing the trading system of the fishery products wholesale market is sales on consignment by intermediate wholesalers, and this paper suggests two alternatives to solve the problem. First, intermediate wholesaler can be converted to market wholesalers, but it also entails other problems. The market wholesaler system has never been successfully adopted in the agricultural and fishery products wholesale market, and it is not clear which system is better between the wholesale market corporation and the market wholesaler system. Second, sales on consignment by intermediate wholesalers can be adopted with a positive view toward it. Negotiation transaction can be carried out for sales on consignment as a transaction method under the current Act on Distribution and Price Stabilization of Agricultural and Fisheries Products. However, since the act cannot provide a solution for listing, it is necessary to introduce Japan's negotiated transaction in advance system as a negotiation transaction method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.238-245
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the market structure of the Garak Agricultural Products Wholesale Market, which has the greatest influence among agricultural products wholesale markets and plays a key role in domestic agricultural products distribution. In addition, through analysis of the management efficiency of the wholesale market corporation, which is a major distributor of the Garak Market, the connection relationship between the market structure of the Garak Market and the management efficiency of the wholesale market corporation was able to be identified. From 2007 to 2018, it was found that the market structure of Garak Market was a monopoly. In addition, the average production efficiency of the five wholesale market corporations was 0.95, indicating that the wholesale market corporation in Garak Market has an efficient production structure with high output compared to input. Therefore, in order to activate the agricultural products wholesale market and protect the rights of producers and consumers based on the analysis results, it is necessary to implement a policy that can establish a competition system among agricultural products wholesale market distributors.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.185-202
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• 2011

As a result of survey the dealings amounts of agricultural products in the public management wholesale market from 1997 to 2009 for 13 years, that makes composted of 54,706 tons in 1997, 130,345 tons in 2003 by increasing 238%, that is resulted of about 20% increase every year. As a result of survey the dealings money of agricultural products in the public management wholesale market from 1997 to 2009 for 13 years, that makes composted of 168,074 million won in 1997, 323,232 million won in 2003 by increasing 192%, that is resulted of about 16% increase every year. It has corelation with dealings amounts and money each other, also appeals to transition without discrimination, but making high amounts than money. It is divided into excellent, good and poor products according to freshness, pileus size, color and stem length to forwarding method field survey in farm produce wholesale market.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2021

Purpose - This study intended to identify the effects of varied institutional systems and policies that regulate or define operations of enterprises upon the profitability of private enterprises through case analysis. Design/methodology/approach - The systems and differences in the institution and commodity distribution in Korea and Japan, which define the operation of the "Garak Wholesale Market" and "Ota Wholesale Market". We were examined in the presentthis study, and the statistical data pertinent to the trade volume and profitability of wholesale market corporations that substantially run both markets, were analyzed. Findings - The competition among the corporations that run the "Garak Wholesale Market" substantially is limited due to regulations over the mode of transaction and monopoly of trust thereby significantly higher level of profitability and safety are guaranteed. However, the institutional autonomy that enabled each distributor in the "Ota Wholesale Market" to compete with each other freely caused the distributors therein face difficulties in securing stable profits due to the relatively poor level of profitability resulted from the autonomy. Research implications or Originality - It seems the autonomy in commercial transaction in the "Garak Wholesale Market" in Korea needs to be secured to promote the competition of distributors therein through an amelioration of institutional systems and amendment of relevant laws that prescribe current management of various distributors/operators in the market.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

The introduction of the wholesalers system is being considered from various aspects in order to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations. The wholesalers system is a corporation that receives designation from the creator and purchases or consigns agricultural and fishery products to wholesale or broker sales, and has the advantage of reducing the distribution stage and distribution costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the wholesalers system introduced to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations through a case study of market wholesalers handling fishery products.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.201-211
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• 2010

This paper estimates the degree of market power of marketers in the Korean beef market, especially focusing on wholesale and retail marketing levels. Prices in various marketing levels show that there is a possibility of more price differentials than marketing costs in the Korean beef market. Annual price and quantity data are used to estimate the degree of market power in the wholesale and retail levels. The empirical results show that the domestic beef retail market is far from perfect competition and the wholesale market is relatively near to perfect competition.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-177
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• 2015

With the rapid evolution of technology, the size, number, and the type of databases has increased concomitantly, so data mining approaches face many challenging applications from databases. One such application is discovery of fraud patterns from agricultural product wholesale transaction instances. The agricultural product wholesale market in Korea is huge, and vast numbers of transactions have been made every day. The demand for agricultural products continues to grow, and the use of electronic auction systems raises the efficiency of operations of wholesale market. Certainly, the number of unusual transactions is also assumed to be increased in proportion to the trading amount, where an unusual transaction is often the first sign of fraud. However, it is very difficult to identify and detect these transactions and the corresponding fraud occurred in agricultural product wholesale market because the types of fraud are more intelligent than ever before. The fraud can be detected by verifying the overall transaction records manually, but it requires significant amount of human resources, and ultimately is not a practical approach. Frauds also can be revealed by victim's report or complaint. But there are usually no victims in the agricultural product wholesale frauds because they are committed by collusion of an auction company and an intermediary wholesaler. Nevertheless, it is required to monitor transaction records continuously and to make an effort to prevent any fraud, because the fraud not only disturbs the fair trade order of the market but also reduces the credibility of the market rapidly. Applying data mining to such an environment is very useful since it can discover unknown fraud patterns or features from a large volume of transaction data properly. The objective of this research is to empirically investigate the factors necessary to detect fraud transactions in an agricultural product wholesale market by developing a data mining based fraud detection model. One of major frauds is the phantom transaction, which is a colluding transaction by the seller(auction company or forwarder) and buyer(intermediary wholesaler) to commit the fraud transaction. They pretend to fulfill the transaction by recording false data in the online transaction processing system without actually selling products, and the seller receives money from the buyer. This leads to the overstatement of sales performance and illegal money transfers, which reduces the credibility of market. This paper reviews the environment of wholesale market such as types of transactions, roles of participants of the market, and various types and characteristics of frauds, and introduces the whole process of developing the phantom transaction detection model. The process consists of the following 4 modules: (1) Data cleaning and standardization (2) Statistical data analysis such as distribution and correlation analysis, (3) Construction of classification model using decision-tree induction approach, (4) Verification of the model in terms of hit ratio. We collected real data from 6 associations of agricultural producers in metropolitan markets. Final model with a decision-tree induction approach revealed that monthly average trading price of item offered by forwarders is a key variable in detecting the phantom transaction. The verification procedure also confirmed the suitability of the results. However, even though the performance of the results of this research is satisfactory, sensitive issues are still remained for improving classification accuracy and conciseness of rules. One such issue is the robustness of data mining model. Data mining is very much data-oriented, so data mining models tend to be very sensitive to changes of data or situations. Thus, it is evident that this non-robustness of data mining model requires continuous remodeling as data or situation changes. We hope that this paper suggest valuable guideline to organizations and companies that consider introducing or constructing a fraud detection model in the future.