• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.923-941
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• 2005

Odor problem of livestock operation is important issue in a local community. I quantified the property price impact of 199 livestock operations for 3,355 housing sales in the U.S (Colorado). Spatial hedonic model was adopted to deal with spatial autocorrelation in housing market. Small beef and dairy operations, which are the traditional agricultural sector, seem to create a positive rural lifestyle amenity effect. However, the impact of livestock operation on rural residential sales turns to negative if the operation is over a certain size and species. Large hog and sheep operation seems to bring fatal economic loss from the local community perspective if it close to residential area. Livestock odor is one of the negative externality, the results provide the potential social cost of the livestock sector in the region. Policy makers may incorporate this social cost in the regional planning to minimize the social and maximize the development effect. Therefore, local officials and private individuals should carefully consider the location and characteristics of new residential properties and livestock operations alike.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

The output of Korea's livestock industry represents about 40% of the total agricultural production, making it the most high value-added sector in the entire agricultural and forestry industry. However, the fatal epidemics such as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spurs demands for the advanced management of livestock production with IT technologies. U-Livestock means the application of ubiquitous technologies to livestock production. In this study, U-Livestock service models are established on the basis of the life cycle of livestock by using local and overseas cases. The objectives, contents, and structures of service models are required to be designed in detail respectively. The integration of such service models is expected to he1p modernize the livestock industry and raise the productivity of sector.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-81
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• 2010

Since the Republic of Korea is highly dependent on fossil fuels despite high oil prices, it urgently needs to renew its economic and social system to cut carbon emissions and achieve green growth. Therefore, reforming or eliminating subsidies related to the use of fossil fuels is a timely and oppropriate policy recommendation for Korea. It would be a win-win deal for Korean society as it would not only reduce the use of environmentally harmful fossil fuels but also enhance economic efficiency. In particular, cross-subsidies for industrial, agricultural and night thermal-storage power services make up more than 80 percent of all subsidies provided to the entire electric power industry sector of Korea. Of these cross-subsidies, this paper analyzes the electricity subsidy for industries, which takes up the largest share (about KRW 1.6583 trillion yearly), among the environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector. Thus, the paper focuses on the analysis of ripple effect anticipated when this is reformed. To examine the effects of this subsidy reform, price elasticities were estimated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) model and quarterly data from 1990 to 2007. The main results of this study show that 1) annual energy demand for electric power in the industrial sector would drop by 12,475,930MWh and 2) $CO_2$ emissions would plummet by 2,644,897 tons per year if the subsidy were reformed. We can deduct from this that the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector in the Republic of Korea would considerably contribute to $CO_2$ emissions abatement in the country.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2023

Agricultural water demand is considered as the major sector of water withdrawal due to irrigation. The majority part of the global agricultural field depends on various irrigation techniques. Therefore, a timely and sufficient supply of water is the most important requirement for agriculture. Irrigation is implemented in different ways in various land surface models, it can be modeled empirically based on observed irrigation rates or by calculating water supply and demand. Certain models can also calculate the irrigation demand as per the soil water deficit. In these implementations, irrigation is typically applied uniformly over the irrigated land regardless of crop types or irrigation techniques. Whereas, the latest version of Community Land Model (CLM) in the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) uses a global distribution map of irrigation with 64 crop functional types (CFTs) to simulate the irrigation water demand. It can estimate irrigation water withdrawal from different sources and the amount or the areas irrigated with different irrigation techniques. Hence, we set up the model for the simulation period of 16 years from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the global irrigation demand at a spatial resolution of 1.9° × 2.5°. The simulated irrigation water demand is evaluated with the available observation data from FAO AQUASTAT database at the country scale. With the evaluated model, this study aims to suggest new sustainable scenarios for the ratios of irrigation water withdrawal, high depending on the withdrawal sources e.g. surface water and groundwater. With such scenarios, the CFT maps are considered as the determining factor for selecting the areas where the crop pattern can be altered for a sustainable irrigation water management depending on the available withdrawal sources. Overall, our study demonstrate that the scenarios for the future sustainable water resources management in terms of irrigation water withdrawal from the both the surface water and groundwater sources may overcome the excessive stress on exploiting the groundwater in major river basins globally.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

In recent years, climate change has been responsible for unusual weather patterns on a global scale. Droughts, natural disasters triggered by insufficient rainfall, can inflict significant social and economic consequences on the entire agricultural sector due to their widespread occurrence and the challenge in accurately predicting their onset. The frequency of drought occurrences in South Korea has been rapidly increasing since 2000, with notably severe droughts hitting regions such as Incheon, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, and Gyeongbuk in 2015, resulting in significant agricultural and social damage. To prepare for future drought occurrences resulting from climate change, it is essential to develop long-term drought predictions and implement corresponding measures for areas prone to drought. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report outlines a climate change scenario under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), which integrates projected future socio-economic changes and climate change mitigation efforts derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). SSPs encompass a range of factors including demographics, economic development, ecosystems, institutions, technological advancements, and policy frameworks. In this study, various drought indices were calculated using SSP scenarios derived from 18 CMIP6 global climate models. The SSP5-8.5 scenario was employed as the climate change scenario, and meteorological drought indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Self-Calibrating Effective Drought Index (scEDI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were utilized to analyze the prediction and variability of future drought occurrences in South Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

Purpose - The National Agricultural Cooperative Federation of Korea and National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Korea have prosecuted both financial and retail businesses. As cooperatives are public institutions and receive government support, their sound management is required by the Financial Supervisory Service in Korea. This is mainly managed by CAEL, which is changed by CAMEL. However, NFFC's business section, managing the finance and retail businesses, is unified and evaluated; the CAEL model has an insufficient classification to evaluate the retail industry. First, there is discrimination power as regards CAEL. Although the retail business sector union can receive a higher rating on a CAEL model, defaults have often been reported. Therefore, a default prediction model is needed to support a CAEL model. As we have the default prediction model using a subdivision of indexes and statistical methods, it can be useful to have a prevention function through the estimation of the retail sector's default probability. Second, separating the difference between the finance and retail business sectors is necessary. Their businesses have different characteristics. Based on various management indexes that have been systematically managed by the National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Korea, our model predicts retail default, and is better than the CAEL model in its failure prediction because it has various discriminative financial ratios reflecting the retail industry situation. Research design, data, and methodology - The model to predict retail default was presented using logistic analysis. To develop the predictive model, we use the retail financial statements of the NFCF. We consider 93 unions each year from 2006 to 2012 to select confident management indexes. We also adapted the statistical power analysis that is a t-test, logit analysis, AR (accuracy ratio), and AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. Finally, through the multivariate logistic model, we show that it is excellent in its discrimination power and higher in its hit ratio for default prediction. We also evaluate its usefulness. Results - The statistical power analysis using the AR (AUROC) method on the short term model shows that the logistic model has excellent discrimination power, with 84.6%. Further, it is higher in its hit ratio for failure (prediction) of total model, at 94%, indicating that it is temporally stable and useful for evaluating the management status of retail institutions. Conclusions - This model is useful for evaluating the management status of retail union institutions. First, subdividing CAEL evaluation is required. The existing CAEL evaluation is underdeveloped, and discrimination power falls. Second, efforts to develop a varied and rational management index are continuously required. An index reflecting retail industry characteristics needs to be developed. However, extending this study will need the following. First, it will require a complementary default model reflecting size differences. Second, in the case of small and medium retail, it will need non-financial information. Therefore, it will be a hybrid default model reflecting financial and non-financial information.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.258-266
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• 2023

This study analyzed methodologies for estimating carbon stocks of perennial woody crops and the research cases in overseas countries. As a result, we found that Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, and Japan are using the stock-difference method, while Austria, Denmark, and Germany are estimating the change in the carbon stock based on the gain-loss method. In some overseas countries, the researches were conducted on estimating the carbon stock change using image data as tier 3 phase beyond the research developing country-specific factors as tier 2 phase. In South Korea, convergence studies as the third stage were conducted in forestry field, but advanced research in the agricultural field is at the beginning stage. Based on these results, we suggest directions for the following four future researches: 1) securing national-specific factors related to emissions and removals in the agricultural field through the development of allometric equation and carbon conversion factors for perennial woody crops to improve the completeness of emission and removals statistics, 2) implementing policy studies on the cultivation area calculation refinement with fruit tree-biomass-based maturity, 3) developing a more advanced estimation technique for perennial woody crops in the agricultural sector using allometric equation and remote sensing techniques based on the agricultural and forestry satellite scheduled to be launched in 2025, and to establish a matrix and monitoring system for perennial woody crop cultivation areas in the agricultural sector, Lastly, 4) estimating soil carbon stocks change, which is currently estimated by treating all agricultural areas as one, by sub-land classification to implement a dynamic carbon cycle model. This study suggests a detailed guideline and advanced methods of carbon stock change calculation for perennial woody crops, which supports 2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs and activate related research in agricultural sector.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2017

The use of tractors to carry out agricultural work has played an important role in mechanizing the agricultural sector. A repairable mechanical system (such as an agricultural tractor) is subject to deterioration or failure. In this study, a regression model was used to predict the failure rate of a John Deere 3140 tractor. The machine failure pattern was carefully studied, and key factors affecting the failure rate were identified in five regions of the Khouzestan province. Through a questionnaire, data was obtained from farm records. This data was grouped into six sub-groups, according to the annual use hours (AUH) and the manner in which the tractors were stored. Results showed that AUH and storage policies affected failure rate slightly. With an increase in the age of the tractors, the failure rate in the tractors used for 1050-2000 hours annually and stored outdoors was higher than those used for 200-1000 hours annually and stored in sheds. When the tractors were of the same age, the slope of the curve in the 200-1000 annual use hours increased gradually and then rapidly, but failure rate in the 1050-2000 annual use hours was high from the beginning, and subsequent increase in this value was almost uniform. As a result, it can be said that with an increase in the annual use hours, the failure and breakdown rate in John Deere 3140 tractors rapidly increases, but maintenance conditions only slightly affect the failure and breakdown rate.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 2012

Accuracy of daily solar radiation estimated from a Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model (MT-CLIM) was assessed for seven observation sites with complex topography in Uiseong County. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) between the observed and the estimated daily solar radiation was 0.52 for 7 sites for the study period from 1 August to 30 September 2009. Overall, the MT-CLIM overestimated the solar radiation with root mean square error (RMSE) of $3.83MJ\;m^{-2}$ which is about 25% of the mean daily solar radiation ($15.27MJ\;m^{-2}$) for the study period. Considering that the pyranometer's tolerance is ${\pm}5%$ of standard sensor, the RMSE of MT-CLIM was too large to accept for a direct application for agricultural sector. The reliability of solar radiation estimated by MT-CLIM must be improved by considering additional ways such as using a topography correction coefficient.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.31-43
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• 2018

Purpose - With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of agricultural products. Research design, data, and methodology - As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the strengthening of export competitiveness. Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and "the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness. Conclusions - The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be useful for policy, practical and academic sectors.