• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides among the agricultural products in northern area of Seoul in 2007. 3,026 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Detected Pesticide in 11 cases were procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyermethrin, fenvalerate, hexaconazole, carbendazim, pendimethalin, permethrin, parathion and exceeded 7 cases of endosulfan, procymidone, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate in the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos comprised up to 80.5% in detected pesticides. Among the 321 cases of detected agricultural products, 287 cases(89.4%) were vegetables, 25 cases (7.8%) were fruits, Others were 9 cases(2.8%).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2023

The rendering residue generated by rendering disposal, an eco-friendly livestock carcass disposal method, is a useful agricultural resource. Methods for recycling this are being actively researched, and this study investigated the impact of applying rendered residue directly to soil on crop productivity and the agricultural environment. The chemical properties of the rendering residue were examined. The pH, OM, T-N, T-P, CaO, K₂O, and MgO content values were 5.47%, 59.8%, 9.22%, 2.96%, 2.16%, 0.51% and 0.10%, respectively. Treatment conditions were divided into control, inorganic fertilizer, and rendering residue, and rendering residue corresponding to 50, 100, and 200% nitrogen content was applied based on the amount of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen input. Greenhouse gases and ammonia were collected during the cultivation period. Rendering residue increased both the yield and growth of peppers and was effective in improving nutrients such as pH and OM of the soil after harvest. However, compared to inorganic fertilizer treatment, it increased emissions of nitrous oxide and methane as well as ammonia. It is judged that the direct agricultural use of rendering residue is difficult, and a utilization method is needed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,735 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2008. 3,735 samples, comprising 119 types of agricultrural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 260 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.7% (737 of 3,735 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels(MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 3.2% (121 of 3,735 samples). Pesticide residues were detected in 72 spin-aches, 64 peppers, 45 sweet peppers, 40 perilla leaves, 38 korean cabbages and 37 dried agricultural products. The samples that violated the MRLs included 14 perilla leaves, 13 spinaches, 12 leek, 6 lettuces(leaf), 6 chards and 6 gyeojchaes. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tebuconazole and fenvalerate were all frequently observed. Procymidone, endosulfan, dimethomorph and diniconazole were the pesticides most frequently detected at levels that violated the Korean Food Code MRLs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Winter crops have been recognized as an alternative to soil management for fertility and crop productivity in paddy soil. Recently, rape has been produced at winter season and there is little research results on reduction of N fertilizer by adding rape residues for rice cultivation. In this study, we investigated the productivity and quality of rice by applying with 0, 27, 63, $90kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N fertilizer after input of rape residues into soil for two years. The highest yield of rice was average $4.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the treatment applied with the $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape residue. It was reduced to N rate from 31.6 to $43.2kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in comparison to $4.53Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of maximum yield in treatment added $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape. Amylose content in rice was similar among treatments with/without rape residue, but protein content was lower in treatment with rape residue than in those without rape residue. In conclusion, input of rape residue in rice cultivation could be alternative to reduction of N fertilization and improvement of quality by adjusting rice productivity in paddy soil under cropping system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1040-1050
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• 2024

To isolate and analyze bacteria with Verticillium wilt-resistant properties from the fermentation residue of kitchen wastes, as well as explore their potential for new applications of the residue. A total of six bacterial strains exhibiting Verticillium wilt-resistant capabilities were isolated from the biogas residue of kitchen waste fermentation. Using a polyphasic approach, strain ZL6, which displayed the highest antagonistic activity against cotton Verticillium wilt, was identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioassay results demonstrated that this strain possessed robust antagonistic abilities, effectively inhibiting V. dahliae spore germination and mycelial growth. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa ZL6 exhibited high temperature resistance (42℃), nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus removal activities. Pot experiments revealed that P. aeruginosa ZL6 fermentation broth treatment achieved a 47.72% biological control effect compared to the control group. Through activity tracking and protein mass spectrometry identification, a neutral metalloproteinase (Nml) was hypothesized as the main virulence factor. The mutant strain ZL6ߡNml exhibited a significant reduction in its ability to inhibit cotton Verticillium wilt compared to the strain P. aeruginosa ZL6. While the inhibitory activities could be partially restored by a complementation of nml gene in the mutant strain ZL6CMߡNml. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the future development and application of biogas residue as biocontrol agents against Verticillium wilt and as biological preservatives for agricultural products. Additionally, this study presents a novel approach for mitigating the substantial amount of biogas residue generated from kitchen waste fermentation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,988 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2009. 3,988 samples comprising 109 types of agricultural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 272 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 25.6% (1,021 of 3,988 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 2.2% (89 of 3,988 samples). The agricultural products which exceeded their maximum residue limits were leek, ginseng, welsh onion, crown daisy and lettuce (leaf). Additionally, the most frequently detected pesticide that exceeded the regulation maximum was endosulfan, procymidone, tolclofos-methyl, iprodione and flutolanil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 2009

This study is conducted in order to know the residue patterns of insecticide cypermethrin and fungicide diethofencarb in ginseng sprayed by various application methods. Two pesticides were sprayed separately on ginseng using traditional, soil and vinyl mulching applications. The vinyl mulching application was that head part of ginseng protected from pesticides. When cypermethrin was sprayed on ginseng by traditional application, its residue amount in ginseng was 0.25 mg/kg which exceeded 0.1 mg/kg, maximum residue limit(MRL) established by Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA). But in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 0.04 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The residue amount of diethofencarb in ginseng was 3.01 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL, 0.3 mg/kg. Further, in case of vinyl mulching and soil application, its residue amounts were 1.71 and 9.39 mg/kg which exceeded the MRL 0.3 mg/kg. Although the residue amounts of both pesticides exceeded the MRLs for ginseng, we can explain that pesticides remained in head part of ginseng is probably the reason why higher pesticides residue levels were observed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2012

This study was carried out to clarify effects of field location and sprayer on the level of pesticide residue in chilli peppers. As confirmed by statistical analysis, the residue levels in green pepper among three greenhouses did not show significant difference at the first day after spraying with the same engine sprayer and nozzle. But the residue levels in green peppers collected from the exposed outside of crop were 2 times higher than those from the hidden inside. The sampling site was one of variation elements of pesticide residue. The residue levels after application by knapsack engine powered sprayer were 1.7 times higher than those by manual compressed sprayer. As the spraying pressure of the engine power sprayer is 2 times higher than the commonly used pressure of the manual compressed sprayer, the pressure of the sprayer and nozzles were considered to affect on the residue levels in peppers.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

This study describes the development of a web-based system that collects all data generated in the research conducted to set pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) for agricultural product safety control. These data, including concentrations of pesticide residues, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, recoveries, weather charts, and growth rates, are incorporated into a database, a regression analysis of the data is performed using statistical techniques, and the PHRL for an agricultural product is automatically computed. The development and establishment of this system increased the efficiency and improved the reliability of the research in this area by standardizing the data and maintaining its accuracy without temporal or spatial limitations. The system permits automatic computation of the PHRL and a quick review of the goodness of fit of the regression model. By building and analyzing a database, it also allows data accumulated over the last 10 years to be utilized.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2013

Traditional soybean paste from Shandong Liangshan and Tianyuan Jiangyuan commercial soybean paste were chosen for analysis and comparison of their bacterial and fungal dynamics using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The bacterial diversity results showed that more than 20 types of bacteria were present in traditional Shandong soybean paste during its fermentation process, whereas only six types of bacteria were present in the commercial soybean paste. The predominant bacteria in the Shandong soybean paste were most closely related to Leuconostoc spp., an uncultured bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus spp., and Citrobacter freundii. The predominant bacteria in the Tianyuan Jiangyuan soybean paste were most closely related to an uncultured bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, and an uncultured Leuconostoc spp. The fungal diversity results showed that 10 types of fungi were present in the Shandong soybean paste during the fermentation process, with the predominant fungi being most closely related to Geotrichum spp., an uncultured fungal clone, Aspergillus oryzae, and yeast species. The predominant fungus in the commercial soybean paste was Aspergillus oryzae.