• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.536-549
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate food intake, dietary diversity and dietary pattern during the summer in middle aged and older adults living in Gugoksundam (Gurye, Goksung, Sunchang and Damyang counties), Jeonla Province located in southern part of Korea and known as one of the representative Korean longevity areas. Food intake and dietary diversity were assessed by using the data from 2 day-24 hour recall of 1,051 subjects (394 males and 711 females) aged 45 years and older (45-93 years in male, 45-105 years in female). The average ages of males and females were 70.7 years and 71.1 years, respectively. Average total daily food intake was significantly decreased with aging in both genders, and the average animal food intake ratio to total food intake was ranged 10~14% in 3 different age groups, 45~64 years, 65~74 years and 75 years and older. The contribution of each food group, in weight, to total food intake showed the descending order of grains, fruits, vegetables and alcohols in males, and grains, fruits, potatoes and meats in females. On daily intake amount of each food item, rice, watermelon, soju, kimchi, and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in males, and rice, watermelon, potato, kimchi and ylmukimchi in females. On intake frequency, rice, kimchi, onion, green pepper and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in both genders. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS) for the assessment of dietary diversity and balance were significantly decreased with aging in both genders. In food group intake pattern (DMGFV), 01101 type without consumption of dairy and fruits was the most prevalent, and only 3.6% of male and 3.9% of female subjects showed 11111 type, consumed all the 5 food groups a day. Dietary pattern of subjects was analyzed by cluster analysis with 18 food groups intake. Overall dietary pattern was classified into two clusters, one was more desirable and the other was less desirable. The percentage of subjects with more desirable dietary pattern was about 15% in male and 32% in female. In conclusion, most of our subjects living in Gugoksundam area were taking very simple diet with low amount of dairy products and fruits. These results indicate that nutrition intervention and education for older people living in rural areas should be focused on various food intake including dairy products and fruits.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2016

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2005

Effect of thermal aging on the weight loss and water absorption of epoxy adhesives was investigated in the presence of three types of different hardeners, such as D-230, G-5022, and HN-2200. Thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins were also studied througth the glass transition temperature and shear adhesion strength measurements. Weight losses of DGEBA/D-230 and DGEBA/HN- 2200 systems were not varied. However, the weight of DGEBA/G-5022 system was significantly decreased with increasing the thermal aging time. The water absorption of the specimens was increased as the thermal aging time increased except that using G-5022. DEGBA/HN-2200 system showed higher $T_g$ value than those of other systems, due to the formation of the fine three-dimensional network structure containing aliphatic ring. Shear adhesion strength of all systems was increased with increasing the thermal aging tine, which is attributed to increased degree of cure and fine three-dimensional network structure formation. And $T_g$ values and shear adhesion strength of all specimens exposed to water was decreased as the immersion time increased.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.1561-1565
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• 2007

According to thermal degradation on power transformers, it is known that electrical, mechanical and chemical characteristics for power transformer's oil-paper are changed. In the chemical property, especially, when the kraft paper is aged, the cellulose polymer chains break down into shorter lengths. It causes decrease in both tensile strength and degree of polymerization of paper insulation. Also the paper breakdown is accompanied by an increase in the content of various furanic compounds within the dielectric liquid. It is known that furanic components in transformer oil come only from the decomposition of insulating paper rather than from the oil itself. Therefore the analysis of furanic degradation products provides a complementary technique to dissolved gas analysis for monitoring transformers when we evaluate the aging of insulating paper by the total concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide dissolved in oil only. Recently, the analysis of furanic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using IEC 61198 method for estimating degradation of paper insulation in power transformers has been used more conveniently for assessment of oil-paper. It is know that the main products which is produced by aging are 2-furfuryl alcohol, 2-furaldehyde(furfural), 2-furoic acid, 2-acetylfuran, 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. For investigating the accelerated aging process of oil-paper samples we manufactured accelerating aging equipment and we estimated variation of insulations at $140^{\circ}C$ temp. during 500 hours. Typical transformer proportions of copper, silicon steel and iron have been added to oil-paper insulation during the aging process. The oil-paper insulation samples have been measured at intervals of 100 hours. Finally we have analyzed that 2-furoic acid and 2-acetylfuran products of furanic compounds were detected by HPLC, and their concentrations were increased with accelerated aging time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

The insulation aging characteristics and structural analysis test were performed to analyze the correlations among the insulation deterioration, diagnostic results and the breakdown strength for the underground power cables. From the results of the degree of crosslinking test, hot-oil test etc., it could be confirmed that there were no manufacturing defects in the power cables under test. From the results of the water tree test and chemical structural analysis, it could be confirmed that the aging status of cable under test were very poor, especially for B-Phase and the degree of aging was increased in the orders of A, C and B-phase. From the above results, it could be concluded that the insulation aging characteristic analysis results were well consistent with the diagnostic and breakdown test results, and also confirmed that the diagnostic system under consideration was successful to discriminate the bad cables which is likely to cause cable system failure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.591-599
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• 2021

Rail transit agencies in Korea have been struggling to set up a performance-based rail facility maintenance plan because there are no formal definition and decision criteria for aging infrastructure. This study investigates the definition of aging infrastructure through extensive literature review and identifies benchmarking criteria through comparison with rail transit facility management systems in Korea and United States. As results, an aging infrastructure should be defined considering both service age and performance level of a facility. The priority of repair/replacement should be also determined with reasonable criteria based on relationship between service age and performance level. To determine the definition and decision criteria, a practicable classification system for aging rail transit needs to be established in accordance with classification system for performance assessment. Furthermore, a comprehensive database needs to be built including useful life, performance level, and maintenance cost of each component of rail transit. It will allow establishing an efficient budget execution plan for aging infrastructure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2011

The end of design lifetime for Wolsong unit 1 will be reached on 20th November in 2012. So the license renewal documents for the continuous operation of Wolsong unit 1 is under reviewing now. Major components of primary system such as pressure tubes, feeder pipes including delayed neutron monitoring system tubing are being replaced and many components of secondary system are also being repaired. In this paper, the assessment on the wear degradation of delayed neutron monitoring system tubing(on the other hand, DN tube was called) was performed for the ageing management of the same component. The wear defects of this component was one of causes that resulted in heavy water leakage accidents. Therefore design specifications of Wolsong uint 1 and heavy water leakage accidents of pressurized heavy water reactors were reviewed and causes of wear defect for DN tubes were analyzed. Wear propagation equations based on the heavy water leakage history were made and the proper repairing time was possible to be expected if the continued operation was considered. Finally design change items of DN tubes that were conducted for the long term operation of Wolsong unit 1 are introduced.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1010-1017
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• 2012

This study examined the clothing wearing comfort of elderly women by electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) analyses. This study utilized 7 elderly individuals aged 65 or more. Two kinds of clothing ensemble (control and prototype) were used as experimental clothing. The control consisted of a general clothing ensemble and the prototype consisted of clothing that added an extra gap. Subjects wore the control or prototype from 9:00 to 21:30 and EEG and ECG signals were measured in the last 30 minutes. The EEG analysis showed that relative band power of a and ${\alpha}$/high ${\beta}$ were higher when they wore the prototype rather than the control. The ECG analysis showed that absolute band power of HF was higher; however, absolute band power of LF and LF/HF was lower when they wore the prototype rather than the control. Subjects felt less stressful and more comfortable when they wore the prototype. The results demonstrate the necessity to develop clothing in consideration of the body changes in elderly women. It is significant that the assessment of wearing comfort was aided by the use of EEG and ECG analysis in the field of clothing and textiles.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.751-760
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• 2018

Damages in concrete structures due to aging and other factors could be a serious and immense matter. Making the best selection of the most viable and practical repairing and strengthening techniques are relatively difficult tasks using traditional methods of structural analyses. This is due to the fact that the traditional methods used for assessing aging structure are not fully capable when considering the randomness in strength, loads and cost. This paper presents a reliability-based methodology for assessing reinforced concrete members. The methodology of this study is based on probabilistic analysis, using statistics of the random variables in the performance function equations. Principles of reliability updating are used in the assessment process, as new information is taken into account and combined with prior probabilistic models. The methodology can result in a reliability index ${\beta}$ that can be used to assess the structural component by comparing its value with a standard value. In addition, these methods result in partial safety factor values that can be used for the purpose of strengthening the R/C elements of the existing structure. Calculations and computations of the reliability indices and the partial safety factors values are conducted using the First-order Reliability Method and Monte Carlo simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to find out the effect analysis of conservative treatment in of lumbar intervertebral disc. The data was performed to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment in 50 patients aging from 20 to 67 with lumbar intervertebral disc patients. Changes in low back pain score were evaluated by age, occupation, duration of symptoms, marital status, education period, self assessment. Duration of symptoms in over 7 months was 62.0%. 8.6 scores of complete recovery was changes in low back pain score of self assessment patients. In the multiple regression of risk factors to changes in low back pain score were correlated with age, education period, marital status, duration of symptoms(p<0.05). All patients were assessed by the low back pain protocol which was composed of symptom, clinical sign and activities of daily living scales before and after the treatment. Poor result could be predicted after the nonoperative treatment in the patient groups of changes low back pain score decreased with aging, duration of symptom over 7 months.