• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.728-730
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• 2011

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is aimed to investigate acupuncture treatments for blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging process through oriental medical documents. methods : We researched 21 oriental medical classics for the acupuncture treatments of blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging or deficiency. Results & conclusions : 1. Disharmony between yin and yang, disharmony between organs, disharmony of essence, qi, spirit, blood and body fluid are the main features of aging. 2. ST36, BL18, BL10, CV24, ST1, BL23 have been most frequently used for acupuncture to treat blurred vision caused by aging. For moxibustion, ST36 has been most frequently used. 3. GB2, TE21, TE17, SI19, TE3 are the mainly used points for acupuncture to treat tinnitus and deafness caused by aging. For moxibustion, LI1 and BL15 have been most frequently used. 4. CV3, CV7, CV4, BL67, LR8, LR4 have been most frequently used to treat difficulty in urination caused by aging. 5. LI11, GB34, GB30, LI4, ST36, TE10, TE5, Sama (extra point) have been most frequently used to treat numbness, paralysis and bi syndrome caused by aging.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-33
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• 2004

In Oriental medicine, aging is just a natural process like change of seasons. Ancient Oriental people accepted it as a natural thing to be growing older and to die at last. The science of aging has advanced dramatically. In the last 2 decades, advances in genetics and molecular biology have led to extraordinary new understandings in how cells age, how apoptosis programs cells to die, and how neuroendocrinology plays a role in the lifespan of organisms. Today, the matter of primary concern about aging is a cellular and mitochondrial damage of human body induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS). The skin aging can be divided into two areas, intrinsic(chronologic)-aging and photo-aging. There are lots of photo damage about skin aging. The skin is increasingly exposed to ultraviolet(UV) irradiation in life. Therefore, the risk of photo-oxidative damage of the skin induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) has increased substantially. Nowadays, many people believe that they can stop or at least delay the process of aging. There are lots of treatments that promise to slow the process of aging and the associated ailments. Many of these treatments, for example, exercise, Vit E, Vit C therapy, hormone therapy, restrict diet, are gradually being subjected to clinical trials. But in spite of all efforts, researches and investigations, there is no single method or treatment which is revealed to be truly effective for delaying progress of aging. Every methods insisted on effect for delaying aging process, has its dark side. All we can do is just keeping ourself healthy until the time of death.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

For biomedical applications, Ti-X%Zr-Y%Nb-0.2%Pd(X:10$\sim$20, Y:2$\sim$8) alloys not containing harmful Al and V were newly designed, and the effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. From the results, it was shown that the mechanical properties were enhanced with the addition of Zr or Nb. The effect of heat treating on room temperature strength was investigated by aging treatment after solution treatment. The mechanical properties of Ti-20%Zr-4%Nb-0.2%Pd alloy aged at 400$^{\circ}C$ for 10hrs was found to be superior to those of the pure Ti and Ti-6%Al-4%V ELI alloy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.606-612
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• 1995

Three different Oyijangachi(Kochujang, Doenjang and Ganjang) have been prepared by traditional method. Cucumbers have been dipped in six different solutions for 48 hrs. After dipping, the cucumbers have been aged in Kochujang, Doenjang and Ganjang for 30 days. The acidity, pH, salt content and sensory evaluation of the cucumbers which were treated by six different solutions has measured. Moisture content of fresh cucumber was 95%, and the moisture content of Kochujang, Doenjang and Ganjang of Oyijangachi was 66.78%, 76.94% and 81.33%, respectively, after 30 days of aging. Protein content fo Kochujang, Doenjang and Ganjang of Oyijangachi increased 57%, 258% and 197%, respectively, after 30 days of aging when they compared with fresh cucumber(control). Initial acidity of Oyijangachi of cucumbers which were treated with solution 1~5 at 0 day were between 0.49 and 0.56 and increased during aging. Initial acidity of Oyijangachi treated with solution 6 was 1.84 which was low because 1% of acetic acid was added and acidity increased during aging. The pH of Kochujang, Doenjang, and Ganjang of Oyijangachi decreased 4.37, 3.98 and 4.61, respectively, after 30 days aging. Salt content of Oyijangachi dipped in various salt solutions increased as the salt content of the solution increased. Salt content of three Oyijangachi increased drastically during 0~5 days of aging and slowly increase between 5~30 days of aging. The taste and smell of Kochujang Oyijangachi were highest as treated wih 12% NaCl solution(treatment 4) and the color was highest when the Oyijangachi was treated with solution 1. The taste, smell and color of Doenjang Oyijangachi were highest as treated with 12% NaCl solution plus CaCl2(treatment 5). It was observed that the firmness of Oyijangachi was generally higher as the cucumber treated.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.702-708
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• 2018

This study deals with the effect of microstructure factors on the strain aging properties of API X70 pipeline steels with different microstructure fractions and grain sizes. The grain size and microstructure fraction of the API pipeline steels are analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction analysis. Tensile tests before and after 1 % pre-strain and thermal aging treatment are conducted to simulate pipe forming and coating processes. All the steels are composed mostly of polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and bainitic ferrite. After 1 % pre-strain and thermal aging treatment, the tensile test results reveal that yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio increase, while uniform elongation decreases with an increasing thermal aging temperature. The increment of yield and tensile strengths are affected by the fraction of bainitic ferrite with high dislocation density because the mobility of dislocations is inhibited by interaction between interstitial atoms and dislocations in bainitic ferrite. On the other hand, the variation of yield ratio and uniform elongation is the smallest in the steel with the largest grain size because of the decrease in the grain boundary area for dislocation pile-ups and the presence of many dislocations inside large grains after 1 % pre-strain.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

Objectives: Rheum undulatum L. has traditionally been used for the treatment of many diseases in Asia. However, its anti-proliferative activity in cancer has still not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. (MERL) on human adenocarcinoma gastric cell lines (AGS). Methods: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of MERL on AGS cells, we treated the AGS cells with varying concentrations of MERL and performed 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell cycle analyses, measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activity assays and Western blots were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occurred by apoptosis. Results: Treatment with MERL significantly inhibited growth of AGS cells in a concentration dependent manner. MERL treatment in AGS cells leaded to increased accumulation of apoptotic sub G1 phase cells in a concentration dependent manner. In control cultures, 5.38% of the cells were in the sub G1 phase. In MERL treated cells, however, this percentage was significantly increased (9.95% at $70{\mu}g/mL$, 15.94% at $140{\mu}g/mL$, 26.56% at $210{\mu}g/mL$ and 38.08% at $280{\mu}g/mL$). MERL treatment induced the decreased expression of pro-caspase-8 and -9 in a concentration dependent manner, whereas the expression of the active form of caspase-3 was increased. A subsequent Western blot analysis revealed increased cleaved levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. Also, treatment with MERL increased the activities of caspase-3 and -9 compared with the control. MERL treatment increased the levels of the pro-apoptotic truncated Bid (tBid) and Bcl2 Antagonist X (Bax) proteins and decreased the levels of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein, whose is the stabilization of mitochondria. However, inhibitions of p38, extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) by MERL treatment did not affect cell death. Conclusion: These results suggest that MERL mediated cell death is associated with an intrinsic apoptotic pathway in AGS cells.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

Titanium alloys are the one of promising candidate materials for medium high temperature parts in the aircraft, automobile, petrochemistry and electrochemistry because of their high strength with low density in medium high temperature. In this study, the effects of aging and heat treatments on the mechanical properties of Ti-15-3 alloy in medium high temperature, which was $400^{\circ}C$, were studied. Solid solution treatment was performed at $8000^{\circ}C$ of $\beta$ phase region for 1 h and the alloy was quenched in water. The alloy was aged at $5000^{\circ}C$ of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ two-phase region for 1, 2, 4, 8, ... and 100 h to increase the mechanical property. The $\beta$ single phase was observed at all parts of specimens in Ti-15-3 alloy after ST. As the aging at $500^{\circ}C$, fine precipitates of a phase was generated from matrix of $\beta$ phase and the microstructure was consisted of weaving structure such as Widmanstiitten a phase. The most suitable aging time is 24h in$ 400^{\circ}C$. At this time, strength is 1164 MPa and elongation is about 12%. In room temperature, elongation of Ti-15-3 alloy aged at $500^{\circ}C$ for 16 h is poor (=3%) in spite of high tensile strength (1458 MPa).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate relationship among seed viability and enzymes activities involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT). In other respects, osmopriming has been demonstrated to reinvigorate aged seeds. Various viabilities of seeds that were ranged from 80 to 100% of germination rate could be produced using osmopriming and accelerated aging treatments. Priming treatment of Pinus thunbergii seeds for 3 days at $15^{\circ}C$ with a polyethylene glycol solution at -1.2 MPa improved their subsequent germination at $25^{\circ}C$. Accelerated aging (3, 6, 9, and 12 days at $41^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity) decreased seed germination percentage depending on aging treatment duration. Electrolyte conductivities of seeds were measured as assay of membrane integrity. The conductivity from electrolyte leakage of P. thunbergii seed was also correlated with seed germinability. Conductivity for control seeds that had 95% of germination percentage was 3.48 ${\mu}S\;g^{-1}$, but jumped as doubled (7.98 ${\mu}S\;g^{-1}$) in 12-day-aged seed that had 80% of germination percentage. Our results demonstrate that aging of P. thunbergii seeds is associated with changes in the electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense system. Priming of aged seeds progressively restored the initial germinative ability and resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of MDA and conductivity of seed leachate. These effects of priming were also well recovered of GR and CAT activities in aged seed. The improved seed quality by priming treatment appears at least partly attributable to reduced lipid peroxidation, resulting from enhanced antioxidative enzyme activities that are suggesting the antioxidant defense systems play a key role in seed vigor.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.761-769
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• 1999

In this paper the effect of aging heat treatment to the Corrosion behavior for the Nimonic 80A superalloy was studied by AC Impedance methods. Tested solution was 3.5% with tempera-ture $25^{\circ}C$ Electro-chemical corrosion test were carried out for the Nimonic 80A super-alloy which solution heat treated at $1080^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours followed by aging heat treated at $650^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C,\;750^{\circ}C\;800^{\circ}C$ and $850^{\circ}C$ with 16hours under vacuum environment. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Base metal and solution-treated materials were exhibited similar corrosion tendency as Ran-dle equivalent cell. The value of passive film resistance was 579 ohms for the base metal and 124,770 ohms for the solutionized metal such a difference was arose by the ${{\gamma}_^'}$ precipitate on the metal surface during heat treatment. 2. The measure value of $R_p$ for heat-treated at $650^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C,\;800^{\circ}C$and $850^{\circ}C$ were 97,943, 93, 111, 26,961, 15,798 and 11,780ohm respectively. Which indicated that the passive film resistance Rp was reduced as aging temperature increased due to the growth of grain size and sensitization at the grain boundary. 3. The similar tendency was exhibited for corrosion behavior of the electro-chemical corrosion polarization method and AC impedance method and confirmed that AC impedance method was useful tool for corrosion research.