• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

The fee system on spectrum usage is a usage fee that is charged for using spectrum provided by a wireless tower, and is used for management and promotion of the waves. The current fee system for spectrum usage in South Korea has faced many problems, such as complex calculation for fees, unjustified charges, unfairness in cost sharing among providers, and general inefficiency of operation. This study focuses on comparison of fee systems for spectrum usage of South Korea and other foreign countries, extraction of the root causes and problems by case analyses, and recommendation for better solutions to make a reasonable fee system for spectrum usage. The result of this study can be used as a solution to render spectrum usage more effective.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 군수품 무역대리점과 관련하여 크게 두가지의 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째는 군수품 무역대리점의 활용 효과도를 정량적으로 측정하기 위해 방위사업 종사자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였고, 두 번째는 중개수수료의 적정 기준을 제시하기 위해 실제 무기체계 국외구매사업의 사례에서 군수품 무역대리점이 실제로 활동한 내역을 분석함과 동시에 통계청에서 발표한 일반 상품중계업의 평균 영업이익이 군수품 중개업에도 보장될 수 있도록 적용하였다. 그 결과 군수품 무역대리점의 효과도 측면의 설문조사에서는 무역대리점을 활용하는 것이 활용하지 않는 것 대비 1.07배 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 적정 중개수수료와 관련된 분석에서는 중/소형사업과 대형 사업에서 상이한 결과가 나왔는데, 중/소형사업의 경우 총사업비의 5.1~8.7%가 적정 중개수수료인 반면, 대형사업의 경우 총사업비의 1.2~1.8%가 적정 중개수수료로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 군수품 무역대리점을 활용시 활용하지 않는 것 대비 어느 정도 효용성이 있는 것으로 확인되었고, 만약 정부가 적정 중개수수료율을 제시한다면 지금까지 논의 되었던 것처럼 고정된 특정 값을 일괄적으로 제시하는 것은 현실적이지 않고 총사업비 규모에 따라서 그 요율을 탄력적으로 적용하되, 사업의 성격을 분석하여 필수 활동비 소요를 사전에 파악하여 가감하는 것이 적절함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

This research investigates the consequences of the increase in corporate use of short-term debt in China over the past decades. Using a sample of Chinese firms from 2007 to 2018, we empirically explore the effect of corporate use of short-term debt for long-term investment (SFLI) on audit pricing. We first examine the relationship between SFLI and audit pricing for different groups of firms. Then, we investigate the role of the increase in short-term debt in alleviating principal-agent conflicts and reducing agency costs. We have four primary empirical findings. First, auditors tend to charge SFLI clients higher fees. Second, the negative relationship between SFLI and audit fee is found in private firms, firms audited by Chinese domestic auditors, and firms with higher information asymmetry. Third, the time auditors spent on SFLI clients is significantly more than that spent on non-SFLI clients, suggesting that the decrease in audit fee is not due to the decrease in cost. Fourth, SFLI significantly reduces the agency costs of the firm, which auditors regard as a low risk signal and grant an audit fee discount. Our findings suggest that the decrease in debt maturity, not only influences managerial behaviors, but also influences auditors' risk assessment and pricing decisions.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

The medical fee reimbursement denied by HIRA(Health Insurance Review Agency) amounted to about 1.2% of the total medical fee claim to HIRA for reimbursement. Most of the denials stem from the inappropriate prescriptions of medical staff violating the medical fee review standards issued by HIRA. Considering the significant impacts of the standards observance behavior on the hospitals' financial viability, we attempted to analyze the predisposition factors of medical staffs' review standards observance behavior. The TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) was adopted as the theoretical framework of the analysis. Data were collected by administrating a survey on the concepts included in TPB model to the 187 medical staff of a tertiary care hospital. Of the 187 questionaries distributed, 150 were responded resulting 80.2% of response rate. The mean differences among the groups classified by age group, years of experience, medical specialty and gender were analysis using ANOVA. The relationships among the TPB concepts were analysed by applying the Structural Equations Modeling method. The TPB model consists of three exogenous concepts (attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) and two endogenous concepts (intention and the behavior). The results of ANOVA indicated significant mean differences among the groups classified by the medical staff's age, years of experience, and medical specialty. The older and the more experienced had the higher mean of observance behavior score. The results of Structural Equations analysis showed that the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control had statistically significant influences on intention, but the influence of attitude to intention was not statistically significant. The influences of perceived behavioral control and intention on behavior were significant. Based on these results the theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.236-247
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to present improvement strategy and the problems of the nursing fee in national health insurance system. Methods: A total of 23 nursing activities performed by nurses were selected. Data were collected the relative value score and criteria of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Agency. Sixty clinical nursing experts panels were composed and nursing time surveyed self-reported method. The actual fee was calculated through the nursing time, relative value score and actual labor costs. Nextly, the labor costs analyzed was compared with that in the national health insurance. Results: Although the practices were mainly performed by the nurse, other occupations have been recorded as main practitioners and the time of the nursing activity is partially improperly reflected. Additionally, although the nurse practiced mainly in glucose (semi-quantitative) test, it was confirmed that the principal practitioner was described as a clinical pathologist. The the labor cost gap was estimated that is 9.3 times (median) and 11.9 times (average) in this analysis. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to legislate a policy that can improve the quality of clinical nursing by reinforcing the appropriateness and improving nursing fee through reflection of the actual time spent for nursing care.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

Plural governance system in which firms use vertical integration and market governance simultaneously are widely used across various marketing context. Typical examples of plural governance include franchise systems, in which firms own and operate some unit themselves while licensing the operation of some of their units to franchisees. Despite many scholars have attempted to explore the structure of plural governance over decades, there are few insights into its determinants. In this study, we examine the relationship between the proportion of outlets franchised and several franchisor's characteristics based on the perspectives of transaction cost analysis, resource scarcy theory and agency theory. Using franchisor data in Korean Franchise Disclosure Document over the 2006-2009 period, we test the effect of franchisor size, system growth rate, franchise fee, initial investment, and risk sharing on the proportion of outlets franchised. Except for the effect of system growth rate, the results of a series of multiple regression analysis supported the negative effects of franchisor size, franchise fee, initial investment and risk sharing on the proportion of outlets franchised.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2007

Relative value scales introduced in 2001 remarkably improved health insurance fee schedule, but current relative value scales have many problems. In the beginning the government intended to introduce 'resource based relative value scales(RBRVSs)' like USA, but political adjustment of RBRVS studied in 19.17 weakened the relationship between relative value scale and resource consumption. So unbalance of health insurance fees are existing till now. Also relative value was not divided to physician work and practice expense, and malpractice fee was not divided separately. To correct the unbalance of current relative value scales, the refinement project of health insurance relative value scales started in 2003. The project team divided relative value scales into three components, which are physician work, practice expense, malpractice fee. Physician work was studied by professional organizations like Korean medical association. To develop the practice expense relative value, project team organized clinical practice expert panels(CPEPs) composed of physicians, nurses, and medical technicians. CPEPs constructed direct expense data like labor costs, material costs, equipment costs about each medical procedures. The practice expense relative values of medical procedures were developed by the allocation of the institution level direct & indirect costs according to CPEPs direct costs. Institution level direct & indirect costs were collected in 21 hospitals, 98 medical clinics, 53 dental clinics, 78 oriental clinics, and 46 pharmacies. The malpractice fee relative values were developed through the survey of malpractice related costs of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies. Putting together three components of relative values in one scale, the final relative values were made. The final relative values were calculated under budget neutrality by medical departments, that is, total relative value score of a department was same before and after the revision. but malpractice fee relative value scores were added to total scores of relative values. So total score of a department was increased by the malpractice fee relative value score of that department This project failed in making 'resource based' relative value scales in the true sense of the word, because the total relative value scores of medical departments were fixed. However the project team constructed the objective basis of relative value scale like physician's work, direct practice expense, malpractice fee. So step by step making process of the basis, the fixation of total scores by the departments will be resolved and the resource based relative value scale will be introduced in true sense.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2005

이 조사논문은 건강보험 중 구강요양급여의 청구 및 심사등과 관련하여 일선 개원치의들의 견해를 조사하고, 보험관련정책수립에 개원치의들의 의견을 적극 반영코자 하는데 그 의의를 두고 있다. 본 조사는 2004년 2월경에 부산광역시 경남일대에 개원하고 있는 1,465명의 개원치의를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 이들 중에서 406명으로부터 답변을 얻었고, 그 내용은 아래와 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 청구업무와 관련된사항 : 보험청구의 담당은 대체로 치과위생사(간호조무사)와 치과의사의 직접청구방식이 많았다. 대행청구는 그 비중이 전체에서 20%미만을 차지했다. 2.보험강좌의 참여도 : 보험강좌에 대한 관심은 비교적 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 3.이의신청유무 : 보험청구에 관련한 이의신청 유무는 엇비슷하게 나타났다. 4. 건강보험 심사규정에 관한 개원치의들의 견해 : 현재의 진료비 심사규정 지침에 대한 개원치의들의 생각을 묻는 질문에 대한 응답으로는 "심사기준이 난해하고 부당한 삭감이 많은 것 같다"는 응답이 압도적으로 많았다. 5. 건강보험심사평가원과 관련한 사항 : 약 70%의 개원치의들은 건강보험심사평가원으로부터 자율지도라는 명분하에 이루어지는 대화방식에 불만을 표시했다. 6. 진료비 영수증 발급에 대한 개원치의들의 입장 : 약 70%의 개원치의들은 진료비 영수증 발급에 여려움을 겪고 있었다. 7. 건강보험 비급여 진료분야의 급여적용에 관한 사항 : 대다수의 개원치의들은 전악 스켈링처치와 치면열구전색처치 및 불소도포와 같은 예방치료에 대해서는 급여적용을 희망하였다. 노인틀니, 귀금속을 제외한 보철치료, 광중합레진치료 등에 관하여는 비급여적용을 희망하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the difference of direct nursing activity and patient outcomes as mortality rate, complication rate, readmission rate and length of stay related to graded fee of nursing management for inpatient. Method: The subjects of this study were 44 general hospitals with more than 500 beds. Data totaled to 86,044 claims provided to inpatients in Jan. 2001 requested by an electronic data interchange from a Health Insurance Review Agency. The data was analyzed by SPSS win(ver.10.0) and statistical methods used were frequency, one-way ANOVA, $X^2$-Test and regression. Result: Synthetic judgment through performance index and 95% confidence interval, direct nursing activity showed to provided adequate quality of nursing care on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th nursing degree. Also, patient outcomes showed difference by graded fee of nursing management for inpatient. Mortality rate of 2nd was the lowest with P.I. 67.9, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 4th in order. In case of complication rate, 2nd, 3rd and 4th were lower than other nursing degree. Readmission rate of 4th and 5th was the lowest. Length of stay of 2nd was the shortest with P.I. 88.3, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 4th, 6th in order. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that, the higher nurse-to-patient ratio, the greater amount of direct nursing care activity for the patient. Also, the more direct nursing activities influenced a lower mortality rate, complication rate and readmission rate, shorter length of stay.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2015

Many students can experience, such as for credit and social activities through field trips and participate in field trips. For on-site field training exercise participants currently in Gwangju University They take part in field trip 1, 2, 3 and 4 as the type.. Field Practice 1 type in summer and 2 in winter of 4-week period during vacation holidays with 3 credits, field trips 3 type of 8-week period during vacational holidays with 6 credits recognized for \400,000 in job training fee is also payable by the Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation Agency. 4 types of job training are fourth grade (Architecture Grade 5) can be employed in conjunction for more than 15 weeks and admitted to the second semester of 15 credits by participating in job training. For most schools, but to pay a fee-job training at the University of Hanyang University, Kyungpook National University has a student assistance in the field training participating companies. This establishment does not have a clear idea of the legal entities responsible in the event of industrial accidents. Academic research is also nonexistent state for them. In this paper, we distinguish the personality for it via the existing labor precedents with respect to the legal responsibility of an industrial accident. This aims at putting the means to establish the role of the University of job training support.