• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2017

연구목적: 60세 이상 인구에서 나이 관련 안질환인 백내장과 황반변성의 위험요인을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 건강보험공단 노인코호트(2002년-2013년)자료를 활용하여. 연구기간동안 노년층의 대표 안질환인 백내장(ICD-10; H25)과 나이관련 황반변성(ICD-10; H353)을 진단받은 341,588명을 대상(남: 44.18%, 여:61.887%)으로 두 질환의 유병률 결정 요인을 Cox 확률비례위험모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과: 백내장과 나이관련 황반변성 유병율은 여성이, 나이가 많을수록, 고소득 집단일수록, 고혈압, 심장질환, 당뇨가 있으면 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.0001). 결론: 60세 이상 노인들은 고혈압, 심장질환 및 당뇨와 같은 만성질환이 많을수록 백내장과 황반변성 유병률이 더 높았다. 눈이 건강한 고령화 사회를 만들기 위해서는 노인들의 만성질환 관리가 필수적으로 요구된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2015

Object : The purpose of this study is to understand age-related maculardegeneration(AMD) with both western and Korean medicine.Methods : We investigated the comprehension of general AMD degenation in both western and Korean medicine through literature review.Results : The results are as follows.1. AMD prevalent increasing as the population ages; however, treatment options remain limited and incompletely defined.2. Generally macular degeneration has been affected by aging and is associate with the function of kidney(腎) and liver(肝) in Korean medicine.Conclusion : Further studies are needed to apply comprehension of AMD in Korean medicine to clinical stage.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2012

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and blindness among the elderly. In this study, extract of Vaccinium uliginosum L. that has potent antioxidant activity was evaluated as effective preventive supplement for AMD using AMD animal model induced by high fat diet and UV A irradiation. Treatment with VU extract protected photoreceptor cells of retina and blocked the accumulation of lipofuscin pigment-granules induced by high fat diet and UV A light irradiation. This study suggests that VU extract may be a useful agent for prevention of progress of AMD.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.675-687
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• 2023

Accumulation of pathogenic amyloid-β disrupts the tight junction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), one of its senescence-like structural alterations. In the clearance of amyloid-β, the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays the crucial role. In this context, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibits the process of autophagy and lysosomal degradation, acting as a potential therapeutic target for age-associated disorders. However, efficacy of targeting mTOR to treat age-related macular degeneration remains largely elusive. Here, we validated the therapeutic efficacy of the mTOR inhibitors, Torin and PP242, in clearing amyloid-β by inducing the autophagy-lysosome pathway in a mouse model with pathogenic amyloid-β with tight junction disruption of RPE, which is evident in dry age-related macular degeneration. High concentration of amyloid-β oligomers induced autophagy-lysosome pathway impairment accompanied by the accumulation of p62 and decreased lysosomal activity in RPE cells. However, Torin and PP242 treatment restored the lysosomal activity via activation of LAMP2 and facilitated the clearance of amyloid-β in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, clearance of amyloid-β by Torin and PP242 ameliorated the tight junction disruption of RPE in vivo. Overall, our findings suggest mTOR inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy for the restoration of tight junctions in age-related macular degeneration.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2014

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Evidence indicates that the suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) contributes to the accumulation of toxic proteins and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the functional abnormalities and/or the degeneration of which are believed to be the initiators and major pathologies of AMD. To identify new protein associations with the altered UPS in AMD, we used LC-ESI-MS/MS to perform a proteomic analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) of AMD patients and matched control subjects. Six UPS-related proteins were present in the AH of the patients and control subjects. Four of the proteins, including 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 (Rpn2), were increased in patients, according to semi-quantitative proteomic profiling. An LC-MRM assay revealed a significant increase of Rpn2 in 15 AMD patients compared to the control subjects, suggesting that this protein could be a biomarker for AMD.

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2018

목적: 습성 연령관련황반변성 환자의 방수 내 비타민 D 농도를 측정하여, 체내 비타민 D 농도가 질병의 임상 양상과 어떠한 관련성을 보이는지 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 50세 이상의 습성 연령관련황반변성 환자 34명 52안과, 망막 질환이 없는 백내장수술 환자 17명 23안에서 안구 방수를 채취하여 비타민 D 농도를 측정하고 비교하였다. 환자군을 안구 방수 내 비타민 D 수치의 중간값을 기준으로 수치가 높은 군과 낮은군으로 나누어 황반변성과 관련된 여러 임상 양상과의 관련성을 살펴보았다. 결과: 황반변성군에서 대조군에 비해 안구 방수 내 비타민 D 농도가 유의하게 낮았다(황반변성군 $10.03{\pm}10.1ng/mL$ vs. 대조군 $40.8{\pm}16.4ng/mL$, p<0.001). 환자군 내에서 비타민 D 수치가 높은 군은 낮은 군에 비해 섬유혈관성 망막색소상피박리 유형의 비율이 높았다(높은 군 65% vs. 낮은 군 27%, p=0.003). 다중 선형 회귀 분석 결과 안구 방수 내 비타민 D 수치와 6개월 이내 총 주사 횟수와 유의한 관련성을 보였다(standardize coefficient ${\beta}=-0.336$). 결론: 습성 연령관련황반변성 환자는 대조군에 비해 안구 방수 내 비타민 D 수치가 유의하게 낮았다. 하지만 환자군 내에서는 비타민 D 수치가 낮을 시 더 많은 유리체강 내 주사치료 횟수와 관련되는 한편, 수치가 높은 경우 섬유혈관성 망막색소상피박리 및 더 낮은 시력과 관련을 보이는 등 관련성은 일정하지 않았다. 눈에서의 국소적인 비타민 D 수치와 질환과의 관련성에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The sense of vision is the primary means by which we gather information from our surroundings, and vision loss, therefore, severely compromises the life of the affected individuals, their families, and society. Loss of vision becomes more frequent with age, and diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are the major causes of vision impairment. To find active pharmacological compounds that might prevent or ameliorate the vision-threatening eye diseases, numerous studies have been performed, and some botanical compounds, including those extracted from ginseng, have been shown to possess beneficial effects in the treatment or prevention of common ocular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent reports investigating the therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on diverse ocular diseases and discuss their therapeutic potential.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

This study aimed that certain risk factors are linked to the risk of developing depression and decreasing quality of life. This study was implemented using data from the 6th and 7th Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. The National Health and Nutrition Survey consist of health surveys, screenings, and nutrition surveys. Among the risk factors, data on adult diseases such as depression, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, cataract, glaucoma, and macular degeneration were used. In total, 12,768 adults over 20 years of age were selected, of whom 520 were diagnosed with depression. The most common risk factors in adults over 20 years of age were hypertension, arthritis, cataract, diabetes, depression, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. Their risk factors were analyzed if these were associated with depression and quality of life. The results revealed that hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, cataract, glaucoma, and macular degeneration were predictors for the occurrence of depression in adults. The factors associated with the highest risk for depression were arthritis and glaucoma. Furthermore, the study investigated the effect of certain factors on the quality of life; the factor associated with the greatest impact on quality of life was arthritis. This study verified that the aforementioned factors were related to the risk of developing depression and decreasing quality of life.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2022

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a type of progressive blindness that is primarily due to dysfunction and the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), a by-product of the visual cycle, causes RPE and photoreceptor degeneration that impairs vision. Genes associated with dry AMD have been identified using a blue light model of A2E accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium and transcriptomic studies of retinal tissue from patients with AMD. However, dry macular degeneration progresses slowly, and current approaches cannot reveal changes in gene transcription according to stages of AMD progression. Thus, they are limited in terms of identifying genes responsible for pathogenesis. Here, we created a model of long-term exposure to identify temporally-dependent changes in gene expression induced in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) exposed to blue light and a non-cytotoxic dose of A2E for 120 days. We identified stage-specific genes at 40, 100, and 120 days, respectively. The expression of genes corresponding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the early stage, glycolysis and angiogenesis during the middle stage, and apoptosis and inflammation pathways during the late stage was significantly altered by A2E and blue light. Changes in the expression of genes at the late stages of the EMT were similar to those found in human eyes with late-stage AMD. Our results provide further insight into the pathogenesis of dry AMD induced by blue light and a novel model in vitro with which relevant genes can be identified in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2023

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant visual disease that induces impaired vision and irreversible blindness in the elderly. However, the effects of ginseng berry extract (GBE) on the retina have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GBE on blue light (BL)-induced retinal damage and elucidate its underlying mechanisms in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells) and Balb/c retina. Methods: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of GBE on retinal damage in vitro, we performed cell viability assay, pre-and post-treatment of sample, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western immunoblotting using A2E-laden ARPE-19 cells with BL exposure. In addition, Balb/c mice were irradiated with BL to induce retinal degeneration and orally administrated with GBE (50, 100, 200 mg/kg). Using the harvested retina, we performed histological analysis (thickness of retinal layers), qRT-PCR, and western immunoblotting to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of GBE against retinal damage in vivo. Results: GBE significantly inhibited BL-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, regulating NF-kB translocation, caspase 3 activation, PARP cleavage, expressions of apoptosis-related factors (BAX/BCL-2, LC3-II, and p62), and ROS production. Furthermore, GBE prevented BL-induced retinal degeneration by restoring the thickness of retinal layers and suppressed inflammation and apoptosis via regulation of NF-kB and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and expressions of apoptosis-related factors in vivo. Conclusions: GBE could be a potential agent to prevent dry AMD and progression to wet AMD.