• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 1972

A total of 163 virus infected pepper plants(Capsicum annuum L.) collected from various pepper growing regions in Korea were investigated on the presence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus X(PVX), potato virus Y(PVY) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) by serological methods. Van Slogteren's microprecipitin test was applied for the testing of TMV, PVX and PVY from infected plants, and Ouchterlony agar double diffusion test was used for CMV and AMV. Results obtained are as follows: 1. TMV, CMV, PVX, PVY and AMV were found to occur on the pepper plants growing in Korea. 2. The prevalence of each of these viruses among the 163 pepper plants investigated was in the order of CMV: 93 plants(57.0%)>TMV: 91 plants (55.8%)>AMV: 58 plants (35.6%)>PVY: 40 plants (24.5%)> PVX:6 plants(3.7%). 3. Among the 163 plants investigated, 72 plants (44%) showed infection with one kind of virus and 91 plants (56%) showed mixed infection with more than two different viruses. In general, heavier damage of the plants was observed from mixed infection. 4. The results of serological identification of pepper viruses coincided with those results obtained by sap inoculation experiment conducted at the Horticultural Experiment Station along with present investigation. Thus the serological techniques applied in this experiment proved to be very reliable for the identification of TMV, CMV, PVX, PVY and AMV from pepper plants infected with these viruses.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.369-373
• /
• 2008

Staphylococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) has been rarely isolated from horse. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. intermedius isolated from skin lesions of Thoroughbred horse in Daegu Equestrian Association. The skin lesions were showed with dehairing and slight purulent inflammation. Bacteria were isolated from skin lesions and identified as S. intermedius by biochemical tests and MicroLog (BIOLOG, California, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. intemedius isolates was performed with 33 antimicrobial agents (BBL, Maryland, USA) by using the agar disk diffusion method. It showed a high sensibility in the amikacin, amoxycillin/clavuramic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin G, tetracycline and vancomycin. The horse was treated with penicillin, and cured completely after two weeks. The present results showed valuable information for treatment and prevention of skin disease in horse.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.278-283
• /
• 2014

This study was investigated the antibacterial activities of Cirsium japonicum from extracts five regions(Chungnam, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeju and Jeonnam) extract against six food-borne pathogenes(Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio vulnificus) using the broth dilution and agar diffusion method. At concentrations between 0 and $750{\mu}g/mL$ the extracts showed an antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. The antibacterial activities of Cirsium japonicum from Jeju and Gangwon are stronger than others. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values against the six bacteria ranged from 93.75 to $750{\mu}g/mL$. In time killing assay(cell growth curves), the tested bacteria inactivated upon exposure to the extracts for 24h. At the 24h exposure to the extracts, all bacteria were inhibited to over 70% for growth. In particular, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio vulnificus conveyed an inhibition of growth to almost complete. It is anticipated that Cirsium japonicum extracts may have greater potential as natural food preservatives.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2018

Capsicum frutescen is known in Sudan, is one of the most commonly used pepper species in cooking and in Sudanese folk medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) and cytotoxicity (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) of methanolic extract of Capsicum frutescen (fruits). The extract have been tested in the present study to investigate the in vitro potential effects against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The selected organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans using the cup plate agar diffusion method. The methanol extract of Capsicum frutescen (fruits) exhibited inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition (23 mm) and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition (17 mm). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponin, Alkaloids, Anthroquinoles and Terpenoids. The Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Capsicum frutescens was $LD_{50}$ $64.68{\mu}g/ml$. The activity and presence of compounds known to be biologically active are a validation for the use of Capsicum as a food ingredient and as a therapeutic element of traditional medicine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2003

이 연구는 기존의 레진 근관봉함재를 보완하여 개발한 근관봉함재(Adseal; 새로운 레진 계통의 근관봉함재)를 이미 상품화된 레진 계통의 근관봉함재(AH 26, AH Plus), 산화 아연 유지놀 계통의 근관봉함재(TubliSeal EWT, Pulpcanal sealer EWT), 수산화 칼슘 계통의 근관봉함재(Sealapex)와 비교하여 세포독성과 항균작용을 평가하고자 한다. 세포독성 실험은 L929 쥐의 섬유아세포를 사용하여 세포의 viable ratio를 계산한 후, Giemsa stain으로 염색하여 세포의 양상을 관찰하였고, 항균작용 실험은 Enterococcus faecalis Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyomonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum 와 Fusobacterium necrophorum를 사용하여 agar diffusion test로 평가한다. Adseal은 다른 근관봉함재에 비해 훨씬 낮은 세포독성을 보였고, AH Plus, AH 26, TubliSeal EWT, Sealapex, Pulpcanal sealer EWT의 순으로 세포독성의 정도가 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Adseal은 Enterococcus faecalis 에서는 낮은 항균작용을 보이지만, Black-pigmented bacteria 에서는 높은 항균작용을 보이는데, 모든 근관봉함재는 서로 다른 종에 따라 어느 정도의 항균효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.29-31
• /
• 1978

Purely isolated cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was multiplied in Nicotiana tabacum, Ky-57 and the virus was purified by the modified method that was developed through this study. The concentration of purified CMV was 24.25 mg/ml. The purified virus, mixed with acomplet adjuvant (1: 1) was injected into rabbits intramuscularly. Two injections at 10 day interval was enough to produce a good quality antiserum. The titer of the antiserum was 1/1280 when determined by agar gell-diffusion test. The produced antisera will be used to faciliate the detection of CMV infected vegetables and other crops.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2010

Objectives : Sophorae Radix (SR), the dried root of Sophorae Flavescens Aiton, has been used to treat atherosclerosis, arrhythma and skin diseases including scabies and eczema. The present study was examined to evaluate antimicrobial activities of SR extracts against oral microorganism. Methods : Antimicrobial properties of SR extracts were determined by agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus. Analysis of kurarinone from SR extracts was conducted using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). Results : The ethanolic extracts of SR showed stronger antimicrobial effect than methanolic extracts, while the aqueous extracts of SR had no activity. In addition, the higher content of kurarinone was found in ethanolic extracts than methanolic extracts. The purified kurarinone from ethanolic extracts showed potent antimicrobial activity with the MIC value of $3.9{\sim}7.8{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion : An ethanolic extract of SR showed antimicrobial properties against several oral microorganisms, and kuranrinone contributed to antimicrobial action of SR. Thus, ethanolic extracts of SR or purified kurarinone should be beneficial for the preparation of the useful agent for treating oral disease including anticaries.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Saussurea lappa for the applications of herb-based extracts to both cosmetic and medicinal industries. Methods : Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Saussutes lappa (ESL) was assessed using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, and determined by whether clear zone was formed around paper disc and in terms of the size (mm) of clear zone, Results : ESL provided activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1927 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 16 mm, and showed an activity against Staphylococcus epidermids KCTC 1917 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 18mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ESL against S. sureus and S. epidermidls were 1 mg/ml for both bacterial species. However, ESL showed no growth inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 12513, Enterobactet aerogenes KCTC 2190, Escherichia coli KCTC 2571, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1925 and Propionibacterium acnes KCCM 41747. Conclusions : Antibacterial activity of ESL against Staphylococcus sureus and Staphylococcus epidermids causing eye and skin diseases was proved. The result suggest that ESL may be useful as a natural preservative on behalf of synthetic preservatives.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2000

Methanol extracts of 27 Brazilian plant samples and 10 oriental medicinal plant samples (27 families), using spectrophotometric and paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions, were tested in vitro for their growth-inhibiting activities against Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis. The responses varied with bacterial strains, plant species, and tissues sampled. In a test with B. longum and B. bifidum(20 mg/disc), extracts of Acanthopanax sessilifolinus stem bark and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus leaves strongly inhibited the growth of B. longum, whereas other plant samples did not inhibit any intestinal bacteria tested. At 5 mg/disc, adding extracts of Aralia eleta, Euterpe oleracea, and Syzygium guineense to the media strongly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens and B. fragilis without growth inhibition of B. adolescentis, B. longum, and B. bifidum. Extracts of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Ulmus paraifolia significantly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens and B. fragilis as well as B. adolescentis. These results may be indications of at least one of the pharmacological actions of the five Brazilian plants but not oriental medicinal plants tested.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 1999

Chrysanthemums showing leaf mottling were collected from three southern locations in Korea in 1998. Two kinds of viruses were isolated from the leaves and were identified as tomato aspermy virus ch-TAV) and chrysanthemum virus B (ch-CVB), according to their host range, morphology, intracellular location, agar gel double diffusion test, and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analysis. The purified ch-TAV was spherical particles of approximately 29 nm in diameter and ch-CVB was filamentous particles of 685 nm long. Inclusion bodies were not observed in ch-TAV and/or ch-CVB infected chrysanthemum. ch-TAV showed positive serological reaction with TAV antiserum (ATCC-127) but not with CMV-pepper antiserum. In dsRNA analysis, four kinds of viral dsRNA were observed on ch-TAV and one viral dsRNA was shown on ch-CVB. Rate of co-infection with TAV and CVB in commercial chrysanthemums was 20.9%. On the other hand, infection with CVB alone was 97.2%. However, chrysanthemums naturally infected with TAV alone were not found.