• Title/Summary/Keyword: Affect Intensity

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A Study on the Principles of Extensive Connection in Psychological and Spatial Structure - Focused on the Extension Theory of Alfred North Whitehead - (심리적 공간구조의 연장적 결합원리 연구 - 화이트헤드의 연장이론을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Kyoung-Ah
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 2011
  • Spatial perception and spatial structure that focus on psychological effects produce a real force through the medium of space that can control human actions, even their psychology. The job of understanding the characteristics and effects of architectural spaces that recognize the relationship between architecture and human beings, including the psychological dimension, is an alternative search for quality spaces that can increase the mutual relationship between space and human beings. This paper introduces two propositions called "space" and "psychology" in order to discover a meta-pattern connecting space and the human mind with the aim of systematizing that internal network and establishing a new architectural system concerning space and human beings. This paper also proposes a method of accessing physical spaces that can affect psychological states through a conceptual substitution called "extension," with the aim of discovering the implications inherent in such extensive relationships and proposing a methodology of organizing psychological spaces based on the characteristics of that extensive connection. The means of extensively connecting psychological spaces were classified into the three categories of memory system, sensory system, and motor system, and their corresponding extensive connection characteristics called "simultaneous relativity," "non-mediated immediacy," and "purification process" were also derived. These characteristics accelerate the changes in psychological intensity and function as principles that organize psychological space.

Experimental Throughfall Exclusion Studies on Forest Ecosystems: A Review

  • Park, Seunghyeon;Kim, Ikhyun;Kim, Beomjeong;Choi, Byoungkoo
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2019
  • Climate change has been intensifying and affecting forest ecosystems. Over the years, the intensity and frequency of climate change have increased and the effects of climate change have been aggravating due to cumulative greenhouse gases such as CO2, which has resulted in several negative consequences, drought being the main threat among all. Drought affects forest ecosystems directly and indirectly. Insufficient soil moisture, due to drought, may affect the growth of plants and soil respiration (SR), and soil temperature may increase because of desiccated soil. In addition, the mortality rate of plants and soil microorganisms increases. As a result, these effects could reduce forest productivity. Thus, in this article, we have presented various research studies on artificial drought using throughfall exclusion, and we have mainly focused on SR, which is significantly related to forest productivity. The research studies done worldwide were sorted as per the main groups of Köppen-Geiger climate classification and intensively reviewed, especially in tropical climates and temperate climates. We briefly reviewed the properties among the exclusion experiments about the temperate climate, which mostly includes Korean forests. Our review is not a proof of concept, but an assumption for adequate investigation of drought effects in the Korean forest.

Attachment of the Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) to the Gills of Black Rockfish, Sebastes melanops (볼락류 Sebastes melanops 아가미에 단생 흡충류 Microcotyle sebastis의 부착에 관하여)

  • Chun, Kae-Shik
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.102-105
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    • 2002
  • The gills of seven black rockfish, Sebastes melanops collected from Hatfield Marine Science Center Aquarium during September 19-October 3,2001 were examined for parasites attached to the gills. The species of Sebastes melanops were Microcotyle sebastis baled on the number of clamps and testes. The prevalence of 42.9% was recorded for host and fourteen worms of three black rockfish were recovered. Mean intensity of infection of Microcotyle sebastis individuals per infected host for black rockfish was 2.0(range 1-11). Monogenea helminth sites were mainly consist of second and third gill arch's filaments of black rockfish. The results revealed that surface area of the 2nd and 3rd pair of gills might affect the distribution of Microcotyle sebastis.

An Experimental Analysis of the Flow Field in an Air Induction System by Flow Visualization and LDV Measurements (유동 가시화와 LDV 측정을 이용한 흡기계 내의 유동장에 관한 실험적 해석)

  • 유성출
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.102-111
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    • 2001
  • To describe the air flow characteristics within an air cleaner cover and mass air flow sensor (MAFS) entry region installed in a 3.0L engine air induction system, flow visualization, velocity and turbulence intensity measurements were taken in several view planes. A detailed knowledge of the interaction between the design parameters and the flow structures will enhance our understanding of the motions within the flow field and enable engineers to optimize the induction system and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio in the MAFS output. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of coherent motions and the controlling parameters which affect the air flow in the MAFS entrance region over a flow rate of 13-240 kg/hr. The high speed motion pictures illustrated that the air flow generated within the air cleaner cover under steady state condition is quite complex. In both axial and radial planes of the main passage it was found that the flow pattern is remarkably influenced by the air cleaner cover and main passage configuration. A comparison of the flow patterns and measurements in the original and modified air cleaner cover is presented. Measurements from the MAFS indicated an significant reduction in pressure drop and signal noise for the modified cover as compared with the original cover, over an air flow rate of 13-240 kg/hr.

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Characteristics of Internal Flow and Fuel Spray in a Fuel Nozzle Orifice (연료노즐의 내부유동 및 외부분무 특성)

  • Hong, S.T.;Park, J.H.;Koo, J.Y.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.76-84
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    • 1996
  • The nozzle geometry and up-stream inject ion condition affect the characteristics of flow inside the nozzle. such as turbulence and cavitation bubbles. Flow details in fuel nozzle orifice with sudden contraction of cross sectional area have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The measurements of velocities of internal flow in a scaled-up nozzle with different length to diameter rat io(L/d) were made by laser Doppler velocimetry in order to clarify the effect of internal flow on the characteristics of fuel spray. Mean and fluctuating velocities and discharge coefficients were obtained at various Reynolds numbers. The turbulent intensity and turbulence kinetic energy in a sharp inlet nozzle were higher than that in a round inlet nozzle. Calculations were also performed for the same nozzles as scaled-up experimental nozzles using the SIMPLE algorithm. External spray behavior under different nozzle geometry and up-stream flow conditions using Doppler technique and visualization technique were also observed.

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Pattern and process in MAEUL, a traditional Korean rural landscape

  • Kim, Jae-Eun;Hong, Sun-Kee
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.237-249
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    • 2011
  • Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

Aerodynamic Characteristics, Vocal Efficiency, and Closed Quotient Differences according to Fundamental Frequency Fixation (음도 고정 유무에 따른 공기역학, 음성효율성 및 성대접촉률 차이)

  • Kim, Jaeock
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2013
  • The aerodynamic characteristics (subglottal pressure (Ps) and mean airflow rate (MFR)), fundamental frequency (Fo), intensity (I), vocal efficiency (VE), and closed quotient (CQ) were compared during a sustained vowel /o/ sound under three conditions: in a comfortable loudness and pitch level (condition 1), in a maximum loudness level with a fixed pitch (condition 2), and in a maximum loudness level without a fixed pitch (condition 3). Also, multiple regression analyses were done to measure the aerodynamic characteristics affect on the VE and the CQ in each condition. The results showed the Fo, Ps, MFR, VE, and CQ increased as I increased with and without fixed pitch. Most notably, VE in condition 3 was the highest of all the conditions, but CQ was not very high. By the results of multiple regression analysis, VE was significantly affected by I and Ps in all conditions; Fo was the other main key for affecting VE in high pitch. However, none of the aerodynamic characteristics significantly affected CQ. As I increases, Fo should be increased by increasing Ps and VE. Therefore, researchers should consider and specify an a priori to Fo, Ps, and I when measuring VE to examine the complex and delicate vocal mechanism.

Practical Considerations in Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy (전기경련치료의 마취를 위한 실제적 문제들)

  • Youn, Tak;Kim, Yong Sik;Lee, Nam Young;Kim, Se Hyun;Choi, Jun Gwon;Lee, Jeoung Hyuk;Chung, In Won
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.110-128
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    • 2017
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized effective as primary or secondary treatments for major psychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia, as well as psychiatric emergency such as suicide, food refusal and catatonia, and so on. Medicines used in anesthetic induction for ECT, cause various reactions in autonomous, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular systems. The anesthetics also affect the duration, threshold, and intensity of seizures evoked with electric stimuli, and thus modify the seizure quality in ECT. Individual characteristics of age, sex, weight, comorbid physical disorders, and medications should also be considered for optimal clinical response after ECT. When preparing for anesthesia, adequate anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants, and rapid recovery should be carefully considered. We conducted a case-series study to address practical issues that are frequently encountered during ECT anesthesia with reviews of updated journals in order to provide practical helps to clinicians who are preparing ECT for their patients.

An Overview of Pain Measurements (통증평가도구에 관한 고찰)

  • Shim, Sung-Youn;Park, Hi-Joon;Lee, Jun-Mu;Lee, Hyang-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.77-97
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : The aim of this study is to introduce pain measurement tools that are considered suitable for clinical practice and research for Korean Medicine Doctors. Methods : We analysed some widely used and also useful pain measurement tools in terms of their methods and dimensions. Results : Diagrams, scales and questions are usually used to measure pain intensity, temporal pattern, treatment including exacerbating and/or relieving factors, pain location, pain interference, pain quality, pain affect, pain duration, pain beliefs and pain history. Specific pain measurements are also available for specific conditions such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Oswestry Disability Index and Neck Disability Index. Conclusions : Faces Pain Rating Scale, numeric rating scale, visual analogue scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory and commonly used pain measurements. Specific measurements should be considered depending on research topics.

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Vibration Analysis of Cracked Rotor (균열 회전체의 진동해석)

  • Jun, Oh-Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.925-934
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    • 2005
  • The dynamic response due to the unbalance and crack and the quasi-static response due to gravity are analytically derived based on the complex transfer matrix. The additional slope is expressed as function of the bending moment at crack position based on the fracture mechanics concept, and inversely the bending moment is expressed as function of the additional slope at the crack position. At each angle step during the shaft revolution, the additional slope and bending moment are calculated by an iterative method. The transient behavior is considered by introducing Fourier series expansion concept for the additional slope. Simulation is carried out for a simple rotor similar to those available in the literature and comparison of the basic crack behavior is shown. Using the additional slope, the cracked rotor behavior is explained with the crack depth increased: the magnitude of the additional slope increases and the closed crack duration during a revolution decreases as the crack depth increases. The direction of unbalance is also shown as a factor to affect the crack breathing. Whirl orbits are shown near the sub-critical speed ranges of the rotor.

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