• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2024

Large-span cantilevered roof represents a unique type of structure that is vulnerable to wind loads. Inspired by the need to maximumly reducing the rooftop wind loads, this study examined the feasibility of positioning vented slots on the leading edge, and the effectiveness of such aerodynamic mitigation measures are assessed via both physical and numerical simulations. The reliability of numerical simulation was evaluated via comparisons with the wind tunnel tests. The results indicated that, the variation of venting hole arrangement can cause significant change in the rooftop wind load characteristics. For the cases involved in this study, the maximum reduction of mean and peak wind suction coefficients are found to be 9% and 8% as compared to the original circular slot without venting holes. In addition, the effect of slot shape is also evident. It was shown that the triangular shaped slot tends to increase the wind suction near the leading edge, whereas the hexagonal and octagonal shaped slots are found to decrease the wind suction. In particular, with the installation of octagonal shaped slot, the maximum reduction of wind suction coefficients near the leading edge reaches up to 31% as compared to the circular shaped slot, while the maximum reduction of mean wind suction coefficients is about 30%.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.846-852
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• 2012

본 연구는 모핑 항공기 날개를 설계/제작하기 위한 선행 연구로서 기본날개단면 및 모핑날개단면에 대한 공력특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 이를 위해 Clark-Y형 에어포일을 가진 기본날개, 기계식 플랩을 가진 날개, 모핑플랩을 가진 날개를 제작하여 풍동실험을 수행하였다. 3축 로드셀을 이용하여 날개에 작용하는 양력, 항력 및 피칭모멘트를 측정하였으며, 풍동실험데이터는 Solid Blockage 와 Wake Blockage를 고려하여 보정하였다. 풍동 실험은 각 날개별로 다양한 속도, 레이놀즈, 받음각에 대해 수행되었다. 실험결과는 모핑 에어포일의 양력-항력 및 양력 피칭모멘트 특성이 기계식 플랩을 가지는 에어포일에 비해 우수한 것을 보여준다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2022

최근 다양한 형태의 전기추진 항공기가 개발 중이다. 전기추진 항공기에 장착되는 프로펠러의 위치는 항공기 공력성능에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 날개 앞에 장착된 프로펠러는 프로펠러 주변과 하류방향으로 복잡한 선회 유동(Swirl Flow)을 발생시킨다. 선회 유동으로 발생하는 올려흐름과 내리흐름은 날개의 유효받음각에 영향을 미친다. 날개의 길이 분포 방향으로 발생하는 유효받음각 분포변화는 날개의 공력 하중분포에 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 날개에 장착된 프로펠러의 위치가 변화하면서 발생하는 프로펠러-날개 상호작용이 날개의 공력 하중분포에 미치는 영향을 연구했다. 프로펠러-날개 상호작용이 날개에 미치는 영향을 해석하기 위해, 프로펠러에 의한 선회 유동을 Actuator Disk Theory를 사용하여 나타냈다. VSPAERO를 사용하여 날개에서 발생하는 공력을 계산했다. 본 연구방법을 사용하여 얻은 계산결과는 프로펠러-날개 모델을 사용한 풍동시험 자료와 비교·검증했다. 연구결과 프로펠러와 날개 사이의 거리가 날개의 공력특성에 미치는 영향은 크게 나타났다. 축방향 및 날개길이 방향의 거리 증가는 양항비를 증가시켰다. 프로펠러가 날개 상단에 위치할 경우 더 큰 양항비를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3423-3428
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• 2014

본 연구는 폭설 및 강풍 시 조립식 비닐하우스의 구조안정성을 해석하였으며, 내재해 규격 중 가장 엄격한 기준인 적설량 40 cm, 풍속 40m/s를 재해 기준으로 고려하여 적설 하중 및 풍 하중이 비닐하우스 구조에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 풍 하중의 경우, 공기역학적 특성에 의해 비닐하우스의 형상에 따른 국부적인 압력 분포 특성이 상이하기 때문에 유체-고체연성 해석 기법을 적용하였다. 적설하중 및 풍하중 해석 결과에서 비닐하우스 하단지지 파이프와 지붕서까래 체결 부분 근처에서 가장 큰 응력 및 변형이 발생하며, 적설 하중에 비해 풍 하중 시 구조 안정성이 다소 취약함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 지지 파이프의 변형을 최소화 하면서 설치 및 유지보수가 용이한 조립식 연결 클립 설계를 위한 기초자료로 활용할 예정이다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

옆미끄럼이 있는 조건에서 LEX를 갖는 $65^{\circ}$ 후퇴각 삼각날개의 와류와 공력 특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 자유 유동속도는 40m/sec이고 이 속도와 날개뿌리 시위를 기준으로 한 단위길이당 레이놀즈 수는 $1.76{\times}10^6$이다. 받음각 범위는 $12^{\circ}$ 부터 $28^{\circ}$ 까지 이고, 시험된 옆미끄럼각은 $0^{\circ}$ , $-10^{\circ}$ , $-20^{\circ}$ 이다. 날개의 바람쪽에 있는 LEX 와류는 바람 반대쪽 LEX 와류보다 훨씬 더 강하고 날개면에 더 가깝게 날개 후류영역으로 진입한다. LEX 와류와 날개 와류는 서로 연동하여 집중되고 강한 와류를 형성하거나 날개 하류지역에서 붕괴된다. LEX 와류와 날개 와류의 상호작용으로 인하여 바람쪽 날개면에는 높은 흡입압력이 유지되고, 바람 반대쪽 날개면에는 낮은 흡입압력이 형성된다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel airfoil named "KA2" for the blade of the wind turbine systems. Dynamic loads characteristics are analyzed and compared using aerodynamic data of ten airfoils including the proposed airfoil. The blade is divided into the sixteen elements in the longitudinal direction of the blade for applying the Blade Element Method Theory (BEMT) method, and in each element, torque, thrust, and pitching moment are calculated using turbulent time varying wind speed and aerodynamic data of each wing. Additionally, each force and torque is accumulated in the whole region of the blade for the estimation of representative values. The magnitude of such forces is comparatively analyzed for different airfoils. The angle of attack is constant below the rated wind speed due to the fact that the tip speed ratio is kept at the constant value, and it increases in the region of over rated wind speed as the tip speed ratio decreasing with constant rated rpm and increasing wind speed. Such increase in the angle of attack causes the changes of the force acting on the airfoil with different characteristics of lift and drag in the stall region of each different airfoil. Even though the mean wind speed is in the rated speed in a given time, because of the turbulence, it has either the over rated or under rated speed most of the time. Furthermore, the dynamic properties of each force are analyzed in this rated wind speed in order to objectively understand the dynamic properties of the blades which are designed based on the different airfoils. These dynamic properties are also compared by the standard deviation of time varying characteristics. Moreover, the output characteristics of the wind turbine are investigated with different airfoils and wind speeds. Based on these investigations, it was revealed that the proposed airfoil (KA2) is well applicable to the blade with passive pitch control system.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2001

제트베인 추력편향장치는 노즐 뒤에 장착되어 노즐에서 분사되는 초음속 제트의 유동방향을 편향시킴으로써 하나의 노즐로 피치, 요, 롤 방향의 제어를 할 수 있는 장치이다. 제어력을 얻기 위해 초음속 유동중에 노출되어 있는 제트베인에는 열 및 공기역학적 하중이 작용하게 되며, 제트베인의 형상 및 편향각에 따라 나타나는 충격파 및 제트베인 상호 유동간섭으로 인해 비행 추력 손실 및 측력의 크기에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 마하 2.88 노즐 중에 놓인 제트베인의 피치 및 요, 롤 방향의 특성을 규명하기 위해 6 종의 제트베인을 선정하고, 각 방향에 따른 제트베인 편향각 $0^{\cire}$~$25^{\cire}$ 범위에서 $5^{\cire}$ 간격으로 유동시험을 각각 수행하였다. 또한, 유동해석을 병행하여 제트베인간의 유동 간섭 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 제트베인간의 상호간섭은 나타나지 않으며, 제트베인의 공기역학적 특성은 현과 리드의 길이 비에 크게 좌우되고, 최대 추력손실은 롤 제어시 축추력의 17%로 나타났다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.421-441
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• 2014

With the assistance of typhoon field data at aerial elevation level observed by meteorological satellites and wind velocity and direction records nearby the ground gathered in Guangzhou Weather Station between 1985 and 2001, some key wind field parameters under typhoon climate in Guangzhou region were calibrated based on Monte-Carlo stochastic algorithm and Meng's typhoon numerical model. By using Peak Over Threshold method (POT) and Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), Wind field characteristics during typhoons for various return periods in several typical engineering fields were predicted, showing that some distribution rules in relation to gradient height of atmosphere boundary layer, power-law component of wind profile, gust factor and extreme wind velocity at 1-3s time interval are obviously different from corresponding items in Chinese wind load Codes. In order to evaluate the influence of typhoon field parameters on long-span flexible bridges, 1:100 reduced-scale wind field of type B terrain was reillustrated under typhoon and normal conditions utilizing passive turbulence generators in TJ-3 wind tunnel, and wind-induced performance tests of aero-elastic model of long-span Guangzhou Xinguang arch bridge were carried out as well. Furthermore, aerodynamic admittance function about lattice cross section in mid-span arch lib under the condition of higher turbulence intensity of typhoon field was identified via using high-frequency force-measured balance. Based on identified aerodynamic admittance expressions, Wind-induced stochastic vibration of Xinguang arch bridge under typhoon and normal climates was calculated and compared, considering structural geometrical non-linearity, stochastic wind attack angle effects, etc. Thus, the aerodynamic response characteristics under typhoon and normal conditions can be illustrated and checked, which are of satisfactory response results for different oncoming wind velocities with resemblance to those wind tunnel testing data under the two types of climate modes.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.433-450
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• 2020

The strong turbulence characteristic of typhoon not only will significantly change flow field characteristics surrounding the large-scale wind turbine and aerodynamic force distribution on surface, but also may cause morphological evolution of coast dune and thereby form sand storms. A 5MW horizontal-axis wind turbine in a wind power plant of southeastern coastal areas in China was chosen to investigate the distribution law of additional loads caused by wind-sand coupling movement of coast dune at landing of strong typhoons. Firstly, a mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mode was introduced in for high spatial resolution simulation of typhoon "Megi". Wind speed profile on the boundary layer of typhoon was gained through fitting based on nonlinear least squares and then it was integrated into the user-defined function (UDF) as an entry condition of small-scaled CFD numerical simulation. On this basis, a synchronous iterative modeling of wind field and sand particle combination was carried out by using a continuous phase and discrete phase. Influencing laws of typhoon and normal wind on moving characteristics of sand particles, equivalent pressure distribution mode of structural surface and characteristics of lift resistance coefficient were compared. Results demonstrated that: Compared with normal wind, mesoscale typhoon intensifies the 3D aerodynamic distribution mode on structural surface of wind turbine significantly. Different from wind loads, sand loads mainly impact on 30° ranges at two sides of the lower windward region on the tower. The ratio between sand loads and wind load reaches 3.937% and the maximum sand pressure coefficient is 0.09. The coupling impact effect of strong typhoon and large sand particles is more significant, in which the resistance coefficient of tower is increased by 9.80% to the maximum extent. The maximum resistance coefficient in typhoon field is 13.79% higher than that in the normal wind field.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In this study, wind tunnel test were conducted to improve an aerodynamic performance of HEMU400X pantograph system with 4 types of pantograph housing models. Experimental models were 1/4 scaled pantograph system, 1/4 scaled ground plate which is scaled down to real roof shape of HEMU-400x, and 4 types of pantograph housing models. The free stream of wind tunnel were 20, 40, 60, 70m/s. The lift and drag forces were measured with 2-axis load cell. And, Total pressure were measured with rake in the wake region of panhead. In addition, Surface flow visualization by tufts were performed to know flow characteristics around pantograph housing. According to the results of force tests and surface visualizations, pantograph housing shape is important part because the shape affects to pantograph system. Therefore, it is considered that adaption of pantograph housing is more advantageous to decrease drag and acoustic noise.