• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 1994

Experiments were performed to determine age-associated changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene and Ha-ras cellular oncogene expression in tissues of female rats. In the kidney, ODC mRNA levels did not show age-associated changes, while ODC enzyme activities were decreased with advancing age from 3 to 10 months. These results suggest that post-transcriptional mechanism (s) are involved in the age-dependent decrease in renal ODC enzyme activity. In addition, we found no correlation between testosterone-induced renal ODC expression and DNA methylation pattern. Ha-ras mRNA levels in brain decreased as animals aged from 3 to 6 months, while renal Ha-ras mRNA levels were not influenced by age. Results demonstrate the age-dependent expression of Ha-ras in a tissue-specific manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-23
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• 2014

Age-related changes in larynx can have a direct impact on voice quality and general comfort level. Observations of vocal aging have spanned perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, physical, electromyographic (EMG) and histological levels. Evidence of differential vocal aging in relation to gender and physical condition has been reported. Perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, kinematic, EMG and histological data document age-related changes in laryngeal structure and function with advancing age. These changes contribute to a functional age-related impact of vocal hypofunction or compensatory hyperfunction. This review will focus on the current understanding of the clinical and cellular changes in the larynx that lead to presbyphonia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2004

A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method in 80 male elementary school children, 83 high school students, 87 adults and 98 elderly people over 65 years of age to discuss food and nutrient intakes among different age groups. In observing food intake by age groups, the percentage of plant foods to total food intake was significantly higher in the elderly than other groups and that of animal foods was the highest in the children. The children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. Carbohydrate energy percent in the elderly people was 68.0%, significantly higher than other age groups. All age groups consumed Ca below Korean RDA and especially, 65.1% of the adolescents and 68.4% of the elderly consumed below 75% of RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.94 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.84 for the adults, and 0.73 for the elderly. The above results suggest that food and nutrient intakes have been differently affected with advancing age, and overall dietary quality of the elderly people is lower than that of other age groups. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 143-152, 2004)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2003

To study the level of change in food and nutrient intake among different age groups, a dietary survey using the 24-hour recall method was conducted among 80 female elementary school children, 84 high school students, 100 adults from 25 to 35 years old and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age. The results of the study showed that plant food and total food intake were higher in adults and animal food intake was significantly higher in children. The percentage of plant food to total food intake was highest in the elderly and that of animal food to total food intake was highest in the children. The elderly consumed significantly less meat and poultry and more fish than the other groups. However, the children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. The elderly had the lowest Ca intake. Carbohydrate energy intake in the elderly was 70.3％, significantly higher than that for the other age groups. All of the age groups consumed a quantity of Ca below the Korean RDA and 77.5％ of the elderly consumed an amount below 75％ of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.88 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.80 for the adults, and 0.70 for the elderly. Therefore, the results show that food and nutrient intake changes with advancing age, and the overall quality of the diet of elderly people is lower than that for the other age groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.519-525
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• 1992

The haematological profiles of camel calves of either sex were monitored at monthly intervals between 1-12 months of age. RBC, Hb and PCV increased with age for several months, with corresponding increases in MCH and MCHC, and a relative reduction in MCV. WBC and lymphocyte counts were highest at the age of 1 month, fell progressively during the following 6 months, and stabilized thereafter. Neutrophils were also highest at the age of one month and decreased slowly with advancing age. Eosinophils, monocytes and basophils fluctuated only from month to month. Age effect was significant for WBC, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and all the erythrocytic parameters, except MCV. Sex effect was significant for Hb and eosinophils.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 1994

The present studies were designed to determine the feasibility of using the rat tracheal epithelium as models for induction of aging. The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes of tracheal epithelium were investigated in rats at ages of five, twelve and twenty four months. Some major changes in the tracheal epithelium with advancing age were observed by electron microscopy. The results were summarized as fellow: 1. With the advance of age, lysosome, vacuole and multivesicular bodies were increased in number and numerous myelinoid bodies were observed in cytoplasm of ciliated cells. 2. In goblet cell, serous cell and brush cell lysosome and myelinoid bodies were increased in number with the advance of age, and an myelinoid bodies was often found within the secretory granule. 3. Cytochemical studies showed that acid phosphatase activities was observed in multivesicular bodies and lysosome, strong activities with the advance of age. And alkaline phosphatase activity are observed in microvilli, granule and lateral membrane of secretory granule cells, and strong activities with age. Consequently suggest that with the advance of age, tracheal epithelium show ultrastructural and cytochemical alteration of some kind of cell organelles in all kind of cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

Recent technological advances made a vehicle more intelligent to increase safety and comfort. An intelligent vehicle provides drivers with safety warning information through audible sounds, visual displays, and tactile devices. However, elderly drivers have been known to decrease the physical and cognitive abilities such as muscular strength, hearing, eyesight, short term memory, and spatial perception. Therefore, possible age-related deficits should be considered to design an effective warning system. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of advancing age on response performance on audible safety warnings which are widely used for alerting driving hazards. In order to understand the effect of age-related hearing loss and movement slowing, three sound characteristics (frequency, intensity, and period) and three age groups (younger, middle, and older) are considered. Data was drawn from 38 drivers who drove a simulated rural road in a driving simulator. Experimental results show that age influences driver's response performance. In conclusion, the appropriate range of a warning sound is suggested.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 1987

Of the 1153 culling sows, the most important cause was the reproductive disorders (38.6%), followed by lameness and arthritis (23.3%), metabolic diseases (9.1%), agalactia (8.9%) and advancing age (7.7%). Of 840 culled sows, 173 sows showed pathological changes in the sexual organs. The uteral changes was found in 56.1% of cases, uteral and ovarian changes in 26.6%, ovarian changes in 14.4% and vaginal changes in 2.9%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 1997

With the introduction of new cardiac prosthesis, it behooves surgeons and cardiologists to monitor its performance carefully. ATS (Advancing The Standard) prosthetic valve has been used first in Guro hospital in Korea, since August 1994. Between August 1994 and July 1995, 21 patients received 28 ATS prosthesis(9 aortic, 19 mitral).19mi1ra1 valves were implanted through the "Extended Transseptal Approach" 10 were ma e and 11 were female, ranging from 20 to 54 years of age(Mean age : 37 years). The follow up period 126 patient-months(mean 6.1 months), varied from 1 month to 12 months. NYHA functional class was improved significantly, from $2.9\pm0.7$ preoperatively to $1.4\pm0.5$ postoperatively. Ejection fraction was also improved from $55.5\pm6.1%$ preoperatively to 59.8 $\pm7.4%$ postoperatively. Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) was used as an indicator of hemolysis. The value of LDH changed from 483.3 $\pm$ 162 lUlL preoperatively to $527\pm274$ lUff postoperatively with no clinical significailce. Valve related complications, such as thromboembolism, valve thrombosis, anticoagulant related hemorrhage and prosthetic valve endocarditis did not develop except one anticoagulant related intracranial hemorrhage. There were no mortalities. This experience encourages us to continue using the ATS prosthetic valve, and this study will help those patients who need to have their heart valves replaced. replaced.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1997

It is well estabilished that IL-4, IL-6, $IFN{\gamma}$ and immunoglobulin production are increased as a consequence of advancing age, and endothelial cells increase their expression of pro-inflammatory surface protein, such as ICAM-1, as a consequence of contact with inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, $TNF{\alpha} or INF{\gamma}.$ This study was designed to define the relationship between age-associated changes of cytokines and immunoglobulin production and ICAM-1 expression in aged mice. Serum from aged mice had elevated IL-6 and immunoglobulin levels compared to mature adult controls and activation-induced production of $IFN{\gamma}$ of splenocytes from aged mice were increased above normal adult level. By immunoperoxidase staining, ICAM-1 in hearts of normal adult mice was expressed occasionally at low levels, but in aged mice, the number of positive blood vessels for ICAM-1 were increased and also the immunoreactivity were stronger. Therefore, these finding indicate that the altered expression of ICAM-1 eith normal aging may actually be correlative to these age-related changes in cytokiness and immunoglobulin production.