• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to describe the roles of advanced practice nurses related to advance directives. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing Pubmed, Ovid, and CINAHL. The key words for search were 'advance directives', 'living wills', 'durable power of attorney', 'advanced practice nursing', 'advanced practice nurse', 'nurse practitioner', and 'nurse specialist'. Research articles published between January 1990 and September 2010 and written in English were included. Review papers and expert's opinion were excluded. Results: Five articles were yielded and analyzed. Among them, two focused on the advanced practice nurses' role during the process of advance directives. The other three presented the outcomes depending on the type of nurses' involvement in each health care delivery system. Conclusion: Recently, Korea established advance directives and expanded to diverse sites. Advanced practice nurses' role in the advance directive decision-making process should be examined and developed in research and practice.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.411-414
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• 2003

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to train fuzzy-neural networks (FNN), which can be employed as an important building block in real life robot systems, controlled by voice-based commands. The FNN is also trained to capture the user spoken directive in the context of the present performance of the robot system. The system has been successfully employed in a real life situation for navigation of a mobile robot.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2003

The present paper shows the possible development of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based fuzzy-neural networks (FNN) which can be employed as an important building block in real life robot systems, controlled by voice-based commands. The PSO is employed to train the FNNs which can accurately output the crisp control signals for the robot systems, based on fuzzy linguistic spoken language commands, issued by an user. The FNN is also trained to capture the user spoken directive in the context of the present performance of the robot system. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based automatic speech recognizers are developed, as part of the entire system, so that the system can identify important user directives from the running utterances. The system is successfully employed in a real life situation for motion control of a redundant manipulator.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2012

We propose a new expression of the near-field gain correction to calculate the on-axis far-field gain from the onaxis near-field gain for a directive antenna. The new expression is represented by transversal vectorial transmitting characteristics of two antennas that are measured by planar near-field equipment. Due to the advantages of the photonic sensor, the utilization of the new expression realizes the measurements of the on-axis far-field gains for two kinds of double ridged waveguide horn antennas within 0.1 dB deviation from 1 GHz to 6 GHz without calibrating the photonic sensor system.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-227
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• 2013

이 연구는 수학수업을 운영함에 있어 발문과 관련하여 예비교사들이 겪는 어려움의 정도를 진단하고, 예비교사들에게 적절한 도움을 제공하여 그들의 수학수업 수행능력을 향상시키기 위한 목적의 일환으로 시도되었다. 예비교사의 수업을 진단하고, 진단내용 및 진단에 기초한 처방을 제안하는 절차는 수업컨설팅 방식을 택하였으며, 차시별 수업 분석을 위해 Flanders의 언어상호작용분석법을 컴퓨터 프로그래밍화한 AF(Advanced Flanders) 프로그램을 활용하였다. 수업 컨설팅을 실시한 결과, 예비교사들의 수업은 주로 비지시적인 것으로 나타났으나, 학생들의 반응을 적절하게 이끌어 내지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그들은 발언기회를 독점하였으며, 학생들의 아이디어를 수용하는 것에 매우 서투른 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 그들의 수업은 비지시적이었음에도 불구하고 교사중심의 수업으로 흘렀으나, 교사의 권위를 내세우지는 않았다. 컨설팅 효과 측면에서는 지시적 발언을 비지시적 발언으로 수정하는 것은 대체로 긍정적이었으나, 교사의 발언 비중을 줄이거나 강의 대신 질문을 사용하는 것, 학생들의 아이디어를 수용하는 것 등은 1회의 컨설팅으로는 큰 효과가 나타나지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.11-52
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• 2008

Based on foreign examples and past debates, the minimal conditions for passive euthanasia can be suggested as following; (1) The patient is incurable by modem medical practice and his death is impending (less than 6 months), (2) Euthanasia is practiced solely to relieve physical pain of the patient, (3) If the patient can express his will, there should be a clear and sincere request or consent, (4) More than 2 doctors including doctor in charge should consent, (5) Euthanasia should be practiced in ethical way, (6) Patient family should agree(when the patient will is assumed.) It is hard to resolve issues regarding euthanasia based on past rulings and cases without concrete law. As in United States and Germany, clear and objective provisions of euthanasia and definitive method for patient's advanced directive should be legislated to resolve medical conflict and to relieve patient and family from agony. And death with dignity debate will not be able to proceed if it is only substantively approached because of unclear definition of euthanasia and benefit comparison way of thinking. Thus it is important to establish definitive process to decided legislation of euthanasia act and resolving conflicts arising from each step of the process among interested parties exchanging medical/ethical opinions.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2004년도 ISMP Pb-free solders and the PCB technologies related to Pb-free solders
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• pp.201-209
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• 2004

As the European Community's Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment banning lead (Pb) in electronics products will take effect on July 1, 2006, most electronics manufacturers will be commencing with volume production of Pb-free components by the middle of 2004. Electrodeposited pure tin finishes on electronic components are a leading contender to replace the industry standard tin-lead. Commensurate with this shift will be a somewhat steep learning curve as manufacturers adapt a variety of equipment and processes to contend with the issues surrounding this critical, industry-wide material conversion. Since the electrodeposited finish directly influences the critical reliability characteristics of the component itself, the nature of the Pb-free component finish must be well characterized and understood. Only through a thorough examination of the attributes of the electroplated tin deposit can critical decisions be made regarding component finish reliability. This paper investigates the properties of electrodeposited tin that may have an effect on component reliability, namely, grain structure (size and shape), oxide formation, tin whisker formation, and solderability. Data will be presented from laboratory and production settings, with the objective being to enable manufacturers to draw their own conclusions regarding previously established perceptions and misconceptions about electrodeposited tin properties.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2003

In this work, we propose a new framework of robot control for a variety of applications to our unstructured everyday environments. Programming robots can be a very time-consuming process and seems almost impossible for ordinary end users. To cope with this, this work is to provide a software framework for building robot application programs automatically, where we have robots learn how to accomplish a commanded task from the object. An integrated sensing and computing tag is embedded into every single object in the environment. In the robot controller, only the basic software libraries for low-level robot motion control are provided from the robot manufacturer. The main contributions of this work is to develop a server platform that we call Omniscient Server that generates the application programs and send them to the robot controller through the network. The object-related information from the object server merges into robot control software to generate a detailed application program based on the task commands from the human. We have built a test bed and demonstrated that a robot can perform a common household task within the proposed framework.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2020

Purpose: This study attempts to provide basic data for establishing and implementing an advanced directive (AD) system that helps identify dignified death attitudes and reduces death anxiety of the preliminary, through preparation of an AD. Methods: Data were collected from 135 preliminary elderly aged 55 to 64 years, recruited from health centers and welfare facilities. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Overall scores of the participants were 2.26±0.64 for death anxiety scale, and 3.16±0.44 for dignified death attitude. Scores of individuals who prepared an AD were determined to be 2.19±0.64 for death anxiety, and 3.34±0.44 for dignity of death. The difference in scores obtained for dignified death attitude was significantly higher for the group that signed an AD, as compared to the group with no AD (F=14.81, p<0.001). Conclusions: Results of this study reveal that preliminary elderly who sign an AD have a higher dignified death attitude score as compared to subjects who do not sign an AD. Additionally, the former group of participants desire a dignified end to their life. This indicates a necessity to promote public campaigns for ADs, and to develop educational programs that assist the elderly to prepare for a dignified death and make autonomous decisions.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between intention to use advance directives and level of death anxiety in community-dwelling elders. Method: The participants were 200 older adults who were aged 60 or over and attended the community welfare centers. The level intention to use advance directive was measured by a questionnaire that was developed by the authors for the study. The measure by Kraus and Ellisond was administered to evaluate the level of death anxiety. Result: The average score for intention to use advance directives was $2.05{\pm}0.88$ and that of death anxiety was $6.2{\pm}2.28$. There were significant differences in the intention to use advance directives according to education levels and individual properties. Although there was no significant relationship between the intention to use advance directives and the level of death anxiety, they were negatively associated. Therefore, older adults who had lower death anxiety would tend to use advance directives. Conclusion: It would be necessary to screening the level of death anxiety to promote use of the advance directives. In addition, education programs for advance directives would be essential to consider about advance directives for their end-of-life especially for the community-dwelling elderly in Korea.