• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2000

Before the advent of early plastic or maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, facial features could only be replaced and mimicked by prosthetic, artificial means. Facial deformity or dysfunction, whether congenital or acquired by trauma or mutilating disease, has long been an area of constant research, development and innovation in many cultures of the world. One of the greatest contributors to the need for maxillofacial prosthetics has been physical conflict and warfare. The use of maxillofacial prostheses is not merely the replacement of a missing or disfigured aspect of the face, but the rehabilitation of that individual back into the society from which they originate. Rehabilitation includes the restoration of the person's self worth and confidence, not just physically but psychologically. In sixteenth century, Ambroise Pare, French military surgeon, first have tried many maxillofacial prosthetics for injured war soldiers with papier-mache, silver, gold and copper. According to patient's demand who lost their maxillofacial figures, maxillofacial personnel have increased and prosthetic's skill have been advanced all of the world. Over the last decade, there has been a very rapid development in technical possibilities to provide patients with facial prostheses retained by skin penetrating implants. This article will present overall history of maxillofacial prostheses and some background information on the materials used from the old world. And to overcome still many limitation of prosthetic, new minds and new ideas for technique and materials should be developed.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-43
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• 2004

An advanced maxillary sinus cancer requires an extensive ablation that results an extensive facial deformity, including a skin defect. Reconstruction has to be considered in a radical maxillectomy, especially with skin defect may be accomplished in one stage with a microsurgical free transfer of a latissimus dorsi flap. A man of right maxillary sinus cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, 47 years old of age, had soft tissue invasion of the cheek region. He underwent a radical maxillectomy with extensive skin excision. The maxillectomy and skin defects were reconstructed with the double skin island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap. The cosmetic result and the functional outcome of the nose were thought to be considerably satisfied.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2020

Malignant skin tumors and precancerous lesions have a predilection to be located in the nasal dorsum or sidewall. Although invasive reconstructions have been presented, no simple and suitable method has yet been reported for this area. The flap presented herein, named the lateral nasal advancement flap, is designed on the adjacent lateral region of the sidewall or nasal dorsum and advanced in the medial direction. Two Burow's triangles are removed in the upper and lower portions of the flap: the upper triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and the lower triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and/or the alar groove. Excellent results were obtained in the two clinical cases described in this report. Neither a trap door deformity nor dog-ears developed in either case. The postsurgical scars followed the aesthetic lines and became inconspicuous. A distinct angle was formed in the nasofacial sulcus without anchor sutures. This surgical procedure is technically simple and is performed under local anesthesia. Although the flap is a cheek-based advancement flap, postsurgical scars do not remain in the cheek; instead, they are located in the nasofacial sulcus and alar groove. The lateral nasal advancement flap is recommended for reconstruction of the nasal sidewall and dorsum.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2019

디스플레이 기술의 발달로 모든 디스플레이 장치들이 대형화, 고화질, 고정밀도가 요구된다. 디스플레이 장치의 대형화에 따라 BLU가 대형화 되고 밝아져야 한다. 이 BLU 상판 Glass는 형상과 두께가 균일해야 균일한 휘도분포를 갖는다. 이런 요인들의 불량으로 인한 디스플레이 성능이 저하된다. 따라서 BLU의 형상 및 두께를 측정하는 고품질 측정 장치들의 요구가 필연적이다. 본 논문에서는 BLU의 형상의 높이 및 두께 측정을 위한 고속이며 고정밀 시스템 구현을 제안하고자 한다. 측정 오차를 최소화하기 위해서 측정 구간을 둘로 나누고 다른 이동 속도로 측정하여 원하는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2021

Background In lower lateral cartilage (LLC) surgery, cephalic trimming poses risks for the collapse of the internal and external nasal valves, pinched nose, and drooping deformity. The cephalic lateral crural advancement (CLCA) technique presented herein was aimed at using a flap to increase nasal tip rotation and support the lateral crus, in addition to the internal and external nasal valves, by avoiding grafts without performing excision. Methods This study included 32 patients (18 female and 14 male) and the follow-up period for patients having undergone primer open rhinoplasty was 12 months. The LLC was elevated from the vestibular skin using the CLCA flap. A cephalic incision was performed without cephalic trimming. Two independent flaps were formed while preserving the scroll ligament complex. The CLCA flap was advanced onto the lower lateral crus while leaving the scroll area intact. The obtained data were analyzed retrospectively. Results The mean age of the patients was 31.6 years (range, 20-51 years). The Rhinoplasty Outcome Examination scores after 12 months varied from 90 to100 points, and 93% of patients reported perfect satisfaction. At a 1-year follow-up, the patients' nasal patency (visual analogue scale) rose from 4.56±1.53 (out of 10) to 9.0±0.65 (P<0.001). Conclusions The CLCA flap led to better nasal tip definition by protecting the scroll area, increasing tip rotation, and supporting the internal and external nasal valves without cephalic excision.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2015

Background: Osteoradionecrosis is a delayed complication from radiation therapy which causes chronic pain, infection and constant deformity after necrosis. Most of the osteoradionecrosis occurs spontaneously or after the primary oncologic surgery, dental extraction or by trauma of prosthesis. The treatment of osteoradionecrosis relies on both conservative measures and surgical measures. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap has become more popular choice for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects as a treatment of osteoradionecrosis. Methods: We presented our experiences from 7 patients with osteoradionecrosis who have had reconstruction surgery with fibular osteocutaneous free flap at National Cancer Center during the recent 5 years. We performed segmental mandibular resection with fibular osteocutaneous free flap for all 7 patients of advanced osteoradionecrosis who were not controlled by conservative treatment such as wound irrigation, debridement, and antibiotics. Results: A wide range of techniques were available for the reconstruction of composite defects resulted from the treatment of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Significant improvement was noted in relieving pain and treating trismus after the surgery however difficulty in swallowing and xerostomia showed less improvement. Conclusions: We concluded that fibular osteocutaneous free flap can be performed safely in patients with osteoradionecrosis and yields positive outcomes with significantly increased success rate. The fibular osteocutaneous free flap was our preferred choice for the mandibular reconstruction due to its versatility and predictability.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2013

The aim of this paper was to propose a new method of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery planning and model surgery based on the concept of 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). A 22-year-old man with Class III malocclusion was referred to our clinic with complaints of facial deformity and chewing difficulty. To correct a prognathic mandible, facial asymmetry, flat occlusal plane angle, labioversion of the maxillary central incisors, and concavity of the facial profile, bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was planned. After preoperative orthodontic treatment, surgical planning based on the concept of 6 DOF was performed on a surgical treatment objective drawing, and a Jeon's model surgery chart (JMSC) was prepared. Model surgery was performed with Jeon's orthognathic surgery simulator (JOSS) using the JMSC, and an interim wafer was fabricated. Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and malar augmentation were performed. The patient received lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior cephalometric analysis in postretention for 1 year. The follow-up results were determined to be satisfactory, and skeletal relapse did not occur after 1.5 years of surgery. When maxillary and mandibular models are considered as rigid bodies, and their state of motion is described in a quantitative manner based on 6 DOF, sharing of exact information on locational movement in 3-dimensional space is possible. The use of JMSC and JOSS will actualize accurate communication and performance of model surgery among clinicians based on objective measurements.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2020

목적: 경골-대퇴 각이 20° 이상인 심한 내반 변형의 진행성 관절염 환자에서 경골 근위부의 내반과 외회전 변형이 보고된 바 있다. 저자들은 인공 슬관절 전치환술 시 경골 근위부의 외회전 변형 및 골간단 상부의 내반 변형에 대하여 방사선적 계측으로 대조군과 비교하였고 수술 전후의 방사선 및 임상 결과를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2016년 3월까지 인공 슬관절 전치환술 중 수술 전 기립 방사선상 경골-대퇴 각이 20° 이상의 내반 변형을 보이고 2년 이상 추시가 가능했던 37명, 43 슬관절을 대상으로 하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 45.7개월이었다. 비수술적 치료를 받은 Kellgren-Lawrence 제3단계이며 경골-대퇴 각이 3° 이하인 43 슬관절을 대조군으로 설정하여 경골 근위부의 외회전 변형과 내반 변형을 비교하였다. 경골 근위부의 외회전 변형은 단순 방사선상의 근위 경비골 중첩 길이와 컴퓨터 단층촬영 상의 경골 염전각을, 근위 경골의 내반 변형은 근위 경골 경사각을 대상군과 대조군에서 각각 측정하여 비교하였다. 대상군의 수술 전후에 근위 경비골 중첩 길이, 경골 염전각, 근위 경골 경사각, hospital for special surgery (HSS) 점수를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상군의 수술 전 및 추시상 근위 경비골 중첩길이는 각각 평균 18.6 mm, 평균 11.2 mm (p=0.031)로, 대조군의 평균 8.7 mm와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.024). 경골 염전각은 수술 전 평균 13.8°에서 최종 추시 상 평균 14.0°로 통계적 유의성이 없었으며(p=0.489), 대조군의 평균 21.9°와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.012). 근위 경골 경사각은 수술 전 평균 12.2°, 최종 추시상 평균 0°였으며(p<0.01), 대조군의 평균 1.2°와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 대상군의 임상적 결과는 HSS 점수가 수술 전 평균 34점에서 최종 추시 시 평균 87점으로 증가하였으며 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(p=0.028). 결론: 20° 이상의 심한 내반 변형의 진행성 관절염 환자는 대조군에 비해 근위 경골의 외회전 변형과 골간단 상부의 내반 변형이 통계적으로 의미 있게 증가되었다. 대상군의 수술 전후의 경골 염전각은 통계적으로 의미 있는 변화가 없었으나 합병증 없이 좋은 임상 결과를 보였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.695-698
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• 2011

Purpose: Since spinal tuberculosis is increasing in prevalence, it appears that a repair of spinal soft tissue defect as a complication of spinal tuberculosis can be a meaningful work. We report this convenient and practical reconstructive surgery which use bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flap. Methods: Before the operation, $13{\times}9.5$ cm sized skin and soft tissue defect was located on the dorsal part of a patient from T11 to L3. And dura was exposed on L2. Under the general endotrachel anesthesia, the patient was placed in prone position. After massive saline irrigation, dissection of the bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps was begun just upper to the paraspinous muscles (at T11 level) by seperating the paraspinous muscles from overlying latissimus dorsi muscles. The plane between the paraspinous muscles fascia and the posterior edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle was ill-defined in the area of deformity, but it could be identified to find attachment of thoracolumbar fascia. The seperation between latissimus dorsi and external oblique muscle was identified, and submuscular plane of dissection was developed between the two muscles. The detachment from thoracolumbar fascia was done. These dissections was facilitated to advance the flap. The posterior perforating vasculature of the latissimus dorsi muscle was divided when encountered approximately 6 cm lateral to midline. Seperating the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle from rib was done. The dissection was continued on the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle until bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps were enough to advance for closure. Once this dissection was completely bilateraly, the bipedicled erector spinae muscle was advanced to the midline and was repaired 3-0 nylon to cover the exposed vertebrae. And two musculocutaneous units were advanced to the midline for closure. Three 400 cc hemovacs were inserted beneath bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps and above exposed vertebra. The flap was sutured with 3-0 & 4-0 nylon & 4-0 vicryl. Results: The patient was kept in prone and lateral position. Suture site was stitched out on POD14 without wound dehiscence. According to observative findings, suture site was stable on POD55 without wound problem. Conclusion: Bilateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous advancement flap was one of the useful methods in repairing of large spinal soft tissue defect resulting from spinal tuberculosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2006

Purpose: The nose of most Koreans is characterized as a low nasal dorsum, retracted columella, and an acute columella-labial angle. For the surgical correction of the tip and columella, a modified septal extension graft, along with augmentation rhinoplasty has been developed. Methods: With this technique, a septal extension graft is fixed on the entire caudal margin of the septum (the cephalic-caudal axis) and at the same time, it is placed above the anterior nasal spine, in the membranous portion of the septum and at the base of the columella(the anterior-posterior axis). The present report describes the results obtained in 13 patients and offers an analysis of the results as judged by the columella-labial angle and 4 proportional indices(nose height index, nasal bridge length index, nasal tip projection index, columella length index), measured by photogrammetry. Results: The postoperative values obtained in these 5 categories increased significantly compared to the preoperative ones, thus confirming that the projection of tip was augmented, the nose was lengthened, and the columella was advanced caudally and lengthened. Moreover, these positive outcomes were still maintained during the follow-up period, and no side effects, such as saddle nose deformity, were reported. Conclusion: A modified septal extension graft can be considered as an effective method for the surgical correction of the nasal tip and columella in Koreans.