• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study is intended to look into the difference in surgery effects through the analysis of risk factors on how the common adult diseases among Korean adults diseases (glaucoma, hypertension and diabetes) are affecting cataract. Methods: Cataract surgery patients' daily records at hospitals in Jeonnam were used as analysis data. Factors - which can affect the results of medical treatment before and after an operation - were classified into the input, process and outcome of medical treatment. The medical treatment and patient characteristics were reflected as the input of medical treatment, and clinical results, functional status and general status as the process of medical treatment. Results: There was a close relationship between adult diseases of glaucoma, diabetes and hypertension, and cataract. Visual acuity of adult diseases patients was 10% lower than of non-adult diseases patients. And for post-surgery it was around 16% difference in refractive error and visual acuity between two groups. Conclusions: According to a study result, the cataract has been confirmed that there is a close relationship of Adult disease patients's glaucoma, diabetes and hypertension. Depending on the type about these adult diseases, before and after cataract surgery, vision and refractive power was found to indicate a significant difference when compared with conventional low normal adult control.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2007

Although there are some questions about the venues of adult neurogenesis, it is undoubtedly accepted that new neurons are born in adult brains. Adult neurogenesis is regulated by a wide array of factors. Insults harmful to brain, such as neurodegenerative diseases, seizure, ischemia and exposure to drugs of abuse, are intricately related to adult neurogenesis. Whereas neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by death or functional loss of specific neurons, recent studies report that they can be accompanied by neurogenesis. In addition, alcohol and drugs of abuse which have been reputed to cause irreversible damage to brain can also generate newly born cells in adult brain. As yet, however, we have little knowledge of the functional significance and roles of adult neurogenesis under pathological settings, not to mention under physiological settings. Accordingly, in this review we briefly summarize the results of studies which focus on adult neurogenesis in insulted brain, instead of trying to draw hurried conclusion regarding the relationship between adult neurogenesis and brain insults.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 2009

Mass mortality was occurred in adult koi carp(Cyprinus carpio) at a private pond near Samchunpo city in the early November, 2007. Its water temperature was $11^{\circ}C$ and turbidity was very high. The fishes diseased were shown widely distributed hemorrhages, deep ulcerations on the whole body surface and severe erosions in the all fins. In necropsy, excess ascitic fluid was observed and spleen and kidney affected were enlarged. In microscopic observation, it was examined widely distributed severe dermal ulceration, multifocal gill lamella hyperplasia, severe fibrinous pericarditis, multifocal nephritis and hepatitis. The bacteria suspected were isolated using tryptone soya agar and identified as motile Aeromonas hydrophila as results of biochemical tests using API 20E and 20NE. According to previous reports, A. hydrophila infection were mainly occurred in fingerling at high temperature. However, this case exhibited that A. hydrophila infection can develop on adult koi carp even in the winter season.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.394-407
• /
• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.45 no.2 s.142
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2007

A cohort was established for evaluation of cancer risk factors in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. As one of the cohort studies, stools of 947 residents (403 males and 544 females, age range: 29-86 years) were screened for Clonorchis sinensis eggs using both Kato-Katz method and formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall egg positive rate of C. sinensis was 37.7% and individual EPG (eggs per gram of feces) counts ranged from 24 to 28,800. Eight egg positive residents voluntarily joined a process of collection of the passed worms after praziquantel treatment. A total of 158 worms were recovered from 5 of the 8 treated persons, ranged from 3 to 108 in each individual. The worms were $15-20 mm{\times}2-3 mm$ in size, and showed brown-pigmented, red, or white body colors. This is the first collection record of C. sinensis adult worms from humans through anthelmintic treatment and purgation. The adult worms of C. sinensis may be paralyzed by praziquantel and then discharged passively through bile flow in the bile duct and by peristaltic movement of the bowel.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.619-625
• /
• 2020

Human hookworm infections caused by adult Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus are one of the most important tropical diseases. We performed a survey of intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz fecal examination technique targeting 1,156 villagers residing in 2 northern provinces (Preah Vihear and Stung Treng) of Cambodia in 2018. The results revealed a high overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths (61.9%), and the egg positive rate of hookworms was 11.6%. Nine of the hookworm egg positive cases in Preah Vihear Province were treated with 5-10 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate followed by purging with magnesium salts, and a total of 65 adult hookworms were expelled in diarrheic stools. The adult hookworms were analyzed morphologically and molecularly to confirm the species. The morphologies of the buccal cavity and dorsal rays on the costa were observed with a light microscope, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. The majority of the hookworm adults (90.7%) were N. americanus, whereas the remaining 9.3% were Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a rare hookworm species infecting humans. The results revealed a high prevalence of hookworm infections among people in a northern part of Cambodia, suggesting the necessity of a sustained survey combined with control measures against hookworm infections.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1993

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex composed primarily of phospholipid and lung specific apoproteins that reduces surface tension in the alveolus and maintains alveolar stability at low lung volume. Adult respiratory distress syndrome still carries a very high morbidity and mortality. The surfactant system is vital to the maintenance of proper lung function, any type of surfactant deficiency, whether primary or secondary, will contribute significantly to the development of pulmonary pathophysiology. Various mechanisms in adult respiratory distress syndrome may be responsible for such alterations in the surfactant system. Surfactant replacement is now an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, reducing both incidence of complications and mortality. With the current knowledge of surfactant physiology and the pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome exogenous surfactant treatment or stimulation of endogenous surfactant synthesis and secretion will prove to be beneficial in preventing and treating the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The study of clinical surfactant therapy for adult respiratory distress syndrome is just beginnig and this can be viewed as an area with exciting potential. As soon as surfactant preparations become more widely available trials should begin to define the role of surfactant treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome as an adjunct to available treatment techniques.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.178-187
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the relationships among perceived parental bonding, illness perception, and anxiety and to determine the influences of perceived parental bonding and illness perception on anxiety in adult patients with congenital heart diseases. Methods: In this study a descriptive correlational design with survey method was utilized. The participants were 143 adult patients with congenital heart disease being cared for in the cardiology out-patient clinic of A medical center. Data were collected using the Parental Bonding Instrument, Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised Scale, and Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchial regression analyses. Results: There showed significant positive relationships of anxiety with maternal overprotection, consequences, and personal control respectively. Among predictors, maternal overprotection (${\beta}=.45$), consequence (${\beta}=.26$), and personal control (${\beta}=-.03$) had statistically significant influence on anxiety. Conclusion: Nursing interventions to decrease maternal overprotection and negative consequence, and to enhance personal control are essential to decrease the anxiety of adult patients with congenital heart diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.5203-5209
• /
• 2016

Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition - 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.81 no.3
• /
• pp.175-186
• /
• 2018

Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Since 2014, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) has assessed the overall quality of care among hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) provided by all medical institutions in Korea. A committee of the Korea Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases developed the hospital inpatient quality measures set for CAP consisting of eight core measures and five monitoring measures. The composite measure score was calculated. The medical records of hospitalized adult patients ages 18 years or more with CAP from October to December 2014 were evaluated. The data of 523 hospitals (42 tertiary hospitals [8.0%], 256 general hospitals [49%], and 225 hospitals [43.0%]) and 15,432 cases (tertiary hospitals, 1,673 cases [10.8%]; general hospitals, 8,803 cases [57.1%]; hospitals, 4,956 cases [32.1%]) were analyzed. We found large variations among institutions in terms of performance of care measures for CAP. For the composite measure score, the mean value was 66.7 (tertiary hospitals, 98.5; general hospitals, 79.2; hospitals, 43.8). Despite significant differences in measure scores between tertiary, general hospitals and hospitals, no significant differences were found in mortality between hospitals. Further studies are needed to determine the care measures appropriate for CAP.