• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.78-95
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• 1999

The grafting of a kidney has been found to be the best medical treatment for patients who have renal insufficiency failure, but the patients still have experienced much trouble and apprehension. This study was done to further nursing theory developing for patients who have has a kidney graft from another person. The research method followed grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin. The subjects were three female and four male patients. This study done befween Oct. 1997 and Mar. 1998. All of the subjects were interviewed by the author. Interview were done by the long interview technique and observation. In the process of data analysis, 'heart-boiling' was found to be the core phenomenon. The results were composed to 101 concepts. These concepts were grouped into nineteen categories, and then to twelve categories. There were 12 super-class categories as follows ; 'pain', 'heart-boiling', 'experience of dialysis', 'term of admission to a hospital', 'support of other person', 'dependence on God', 'direction', 'negative reaction', 'positive reaction', 'comfortable', 'lacking', 'acceptance'. In this process, 14 hypotheses were derived from the categories as follows ; (1) The more experience with dialysis that the patients have, the stronger the heart-boiling will tend to be. (2) The less experience with dialysis the patients have, the weaker the heart-boiling will tend to be. (3) The longer admission to hospital the patients have, the stronger the heart-boiling will be. (4) The shorter the admission to hospital the patients have, the weaker the heart-boiling will be. (5) The weaker the intense-grief is, the more positive the reaction to heart-boiling the patients wll have. (6) The stronger the intense-grief is, the more negative the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (7) The stronger the support of other persons that the patients have, the more positive the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (8) The weaker the support of other person that the patients have, the more negative the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (9) The stronger the dependence on God that the patients have, the mure positive reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (10) The weaker the dependence on God that the patients have, the more negative reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (11) The more positive thoughts that the patients have, the more positive reaction to heart-boiling the patinets will have. (12) The more negative thoughts that the patients have, the more negative reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (13) The more positive reaction the patients have, the more free from heart-boiling the patients tend to be. (14) The more negative reaction the patients have, the less free from heart-boiling the patients tend to be. From the analysis of observed data and comparing each class, I concluded that there are four formula relation types between reaction of patients and heart-boiling. (1) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission to hospital, are strong in heart-boiling, depend on God, have positive thoughts and another's strong support, they experience release by positive reaction to the intense-grief. (2) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a short term admission to hospital, are weak in heart-boiling, do not depend on God, have negative thoughts, and have few supports from others, they experience attachment to heart-boiling though a negative reaction. (3) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission to hospital, are strong in heart-boiling, do not depend on God, and have negative thoughts, they experience attachment to heart-boiling through negative reaction in spite of support from another. (4) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission into hospital, are strong in heart-boiling and satisfaction is low, but they have positive thoughts, then they experience acceptance and harmony through the positive reaction to heart-boiling. The results of this study are expected to help the way nurses care for patients who have had a kidney graft from another.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to extract international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) core sets for measuring functional status in acute stroke patients, and to evaluate clinical applicability of the core sets. Methods: A set of 22 ICF items on functional status in acute stroke patients were extracted from the Korean general ICF core sets and ICF core sets for stroke patients. The extracted ICF functional items were assessed at the time of admission and discharge among 100 stroke patients who were admitted in a university hospital. Results: Comparing to functional status at admission of acute stroke patients, the overall functional status at discharge was improved. However, functions on defecation, skin protection, and relationship with immediate family at the time of discharge were not significantly changed. Conclusion: The set of ICF functional items identified in this study may be reliable and valid to assess acute stoke patients' body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors in the holistic and comprehensive nursing context. Nursing interventions on bowel elimination and skin protection for acute stroke patients need to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Objectives Thyroid hormone deficiency during the neurodevelopmental period can impair brain development and induce psychiatric symptoms. This study examined the association between thyroid dysfunction and the severity of symptoms in schizophrenia patients, and the treatment response of patients with schizophrenia. Methods Three hundred thirty-eight schizophrenia patients, with no prior history of thyroid disease or taking medication associated with it, were studied. We assessed the blood thyroid hormone level, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores on the day of admission and discharge, admission period, dose of administered antipsychotics, and the number of antipsychotic combinations. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson's chi-square test. Results The percentage of schizophrenia patients who presented with abnormal thyroid hormone level was 24.6%. High total triiodothyronine (TT3) (p = 0.003), low TT3 (p = 0.001), and high free thyroxine (fT4) (p < 0.001) groups showed a higher BPRS score on admission than did the normal thyroid hormone group, while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were not significantly correlated with the severity of symptoms. Furthermore, thyroid hormone was not associated with the treatment response assessed by the rate of BPRS score reduction, admission days, use of clozapine, and dose of antipsychotics. Conclusions The TT3 and fT4 hormone levels were significantly associated with the severity of symptoms in schizophrenia patients. These relations suggested that thyroid dysfunction may be associated with the severity of schizophrenia. And hence, further analysis of the results of the thyroid function test, which is commonly used in cases of psychiatric admission, is required.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.645-653
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• 2005

The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital populations is known to be high. The presence of malnutrition is associated with depression, infections, sarcopaenia, falls, fractures, reduced autonomy and increased mortality. This study specifically examined the prevalence of malnutrition in patients aged 65 or older at the time of admission as determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) which has been a frequently used nutritional risk screening tools in detecting undernutrition in old people. This study was done for one hundred eight hospitalized geriatric patients in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea. On admission baseline history, anthropometrics measurements, laboratory data and nutritional status by MNA were assessed. Length of hospital stay was obtained by reviewing medical charts. We used one-way analysis of variance to compare the differences in variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for associations between MNA and variables. On admission, $22.3\%$ of patients were malnourished and $40.7\%$ were at risk of malnutrition according to the MNA. Percent of ideal body weight, anthropometrics data, albumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnourished patients (p<0.05). The malnourished patients stayed in the hospital 7.3 days longer, as compared with well nourished patients (p<0.05). Percent of ideal body weight, albumin, hemoglobin and total cholesterol were correlated inversely with nutritional status according to MNA (p<0.05). MNA can be used for nutritional assessment in Korean old people, because MNA significantly correlated with other nutritional assessment parameters, such as, anthropometric and laboratory data in hospitalized geriatric patients. The high prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly was observed and the presence of malnutrition on admission predicted a significant increase in the length of hospital stay in this study. Therefore further studies are needed to determine whether nutritional interventions in old people with low MNA scores can improve clinical outcomes during the hospital course.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Purpose: Drug overdose is easily found in the emergency department (ED). Sedative-hypnotics overdose causes the aspiration pneumonia in patients with decreased mental status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in patients poisoned with sedative-hypnotics. Methods: One hundred seventy eight patients who were poisoned with sedative-hypnotics and who visited ED between 2009 and 2015 were included. This study was conducted retrospectively, with collection of data by review of medical records. We collected the data concerning the characteristics of patients and classified them into two groups based on the development of aspiration pneumonia. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia. Results: Thirty five patients had an aspiration pneumonia during their hospital stay in 178 patients. The age, amount of ingestion, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and the hypotension at admission were significantly different between two groups in univariate analysis. The age, amount of ingestion and GCS score at admission were associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.028 (95%CI, 1.002-1.056, p=0.037), 1.026 (95%CI, 1.004-1.043, p=0.001), 0.737 (95%CI, 0.683-0.915, p=0.002)). All patients with aspiration pneumonia were discharged without a sequelae. Conclusion: The development of aspiration pneumonia in the patients of sedative-hypnotics overdose is associated with old age, amount of drug ingestion, and GCS score at admission.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Objectives: Many conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region require hospitalization and in-patient care. The average length of stay (LOS) of these patients varies and is usually affected by multiple confounding variables. However, even with an increasing number of hospital admissions, published evidence on the factors that affect the LOS of oral and maxillofacial patients is lacking. Therefore, this study assessed the LOS of in-patients at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of a government-funded, multi-specialty hospital in Malaysia, based on their reasons for admission and other factors. Materials and Methods: Our samples were collected retrospectively over a 5-year period and included patients with maxillofacial infections, post-trauma stabilization, facial bone fracture surgery, benign and malignant lesion surgery, dentoalveolar surgery, and other maxillofacial surgeries as reasons for admission. Factors potentially affecting LOS were also recorded, and their significance was determined using multiple logistic regression analyses. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,380 patients were included in this study. Most (84.5%) of our in-patients were of Malay ethnicity, and males outnumbered females in our sample by 502 subjects. The median LOS of our in-patients was 3 days. Sex, ethnicity, age, reason for admission, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification were factors that significantly affected LOS. Conclusion: The median LOS reported in this study was 3 days. LOS was significantly affected by sex, ethnicity, age, reason of admission and ASA classification.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of Korean medical treatments combined with Embedding acupuncture on patients with chronic lower back pain. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 40 patients with chronic lowerback pain hospitalized at Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital from March, 2015 to February, 2016. They were divided into two groups: the embedding acupuncture group(20 patients) and the non-embedding acupuncture group(20 patients). To evaluate the efficacy of the treatments, the 40 patients were asked to complete a Numerical Rating scale (NRS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) four times during admission. Results : The mean NRS of the embedding acupuncture group decreased more significantly than the non-embedding acupuncture group at days three and ten of admission. The ODI change and ODI rate of change of the embedding acupuncture group were significantly greater than the non-embedding acupuncture at days three and ten of admission. Conclusion : Korean medical treatment combined with embedding acupuncture might be effective in reducing pain and improving the life quality of patients with chronic lower back pain. We hope that further studies will be done to produce more clinical data and ensure effective application of these results.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors and the relative risk associated with admission of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The sample included one hundred twenty-eight patients with type II DM. Seventy-seven patients who were admitted within six months of a hospitalization to one hospital from the first of February to the 31st of August 2014, were compared with fifty-one patients who regularly attended an outpatient clinic and had no hospitalizations. Results: Hospitalization probabilities among patients who had only diet and exercise or took oral diabetic medication were 0.03 (p=.004) and 0.21 (p=.007) times independently lower than the ones with insulin injection. The risks for hospitalization increases 6.33 times if there is absence of a spouse (p=.027) whereas the presence of a spouse seems to make hospitalization less likely. The risk among the ones having diabetic complications was 5.15 times higher than ones having no recognition of the complications (p=.040). For every one point increase in self-efficacy and every 1 mg/dL increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, there was a 0.84 (p=.005) and a 0.96 (p=.036) decrease in hospitalization risk, respectively. Conclusion: Nurses should be sensitive to the risk groups of hospital admission among patients with DM including no spouse, insulin injection, diabetic complications, low self-efficacy, and low HDL cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the fall risk factors and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Morse Fall Scale(MFS) as an assessment tool among hospitalized inpatients. Methods: The medical records of a total of 294 patients who admitted to hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2010 were reviewed. One hundred forth seven patients who had experienced fall were matched with 147 patients who have never experienced fall. The fall information was obtained from electronic medical records and fall reports. Results: There were significant differences in visual disturbances, pain, emotional disturbances, sleep disorder, urination problems and elimination disorder at admission between fallers and non-fallers. Patients who had higher MFS scores at admission were more likely to fall as compared to the patients with lower MFS scores. When falls did occur, these occurred within five days following admission, in the patient room, among patients with alert mental status, and among patients who were ambulant with some assistance. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the need of using risk assessment tool for predicting risk for falls. This finding can be used as a useful resource to develop nursing intervention strategies for fall prevention at the hospital.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

Purpose: The base deficit (BD) at admission in severely injured patients has been shown to predict the adequacy of resuscitation and outcome, but this relationship is not well established in the Korean experience. The purpose of this study was to define the association between arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the mortality for patients with severe blunt trauma at a developing trauma center in Korea. Methods: A retrospective review of 415 adult patients with severe blunt trauma was conducted using electronic medical records from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2011. Results: A total of 256 patients had ABG drawn within 1 hour of arrival. Patients who expired displayed a higher lactate level (4.86 vs. 3.31, p<0.0001), a worse BD (-7.99 vs. -5.37, p=0.001), and a lower pH (7.31 vs. 7.34, p=0.011) at arrival compared with those who survived. A statistically significant association was also observed between BD and blood product usage (p=0.001). Conclusion: The base deficit at admission is a useful marker of mortality and outcome in severely injured patients with blunt trauma in Korea.