• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.385-399
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of nutritional education among school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers at an elementary school. Questionnaires were distributed to 450 subjects (150 school nutrition teachers, 150 school administrators, and 150 parents) from June 15 to June 30, 2009, and 309 (84 school nutrition teachers, 104 administrators, and 121 parents) were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows. First, school nutrition teachers' perceived level (4.54) of importance of nutritional education was significantly (P<0.001) higher compared to school administrators (4.10) and parents (3.97). Second, demand for revitalization of nutritional education as perceived by parents (3.23) was significantly (P<0.001) higher compared to school nutrition teachers (2.61) and school administrators (2.51). Third, parents' satisfaction level of elementary school nutritional education was 3.23, followed by those of school administrators (2.83) and school nutrition teachers (2.50). There were significant differences in terms of satisfaction of elementary school nutritional education between school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers (P<0.001). Fourth, school nutrition teachers' demand for revitalization of nutritional education was significantly (P<0.001) higher at 4.24 compared to both parents (3.76) and school administrators (3.46). Fifth, with regards to bolstering nutritional education in elementary schools, it was deemed necessary for each school to have a school nutrition teacher. In conclusion, perception of nutritional education varied among school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers. In conclusion, a communication network between school administrators, parents, and school nutrition teachers should be established for revitalization of nutritional education at elementary schools.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 1996

Contract Managed foodservice has been expanded rapidly in university foodservice operations. The purposes of this study were to examine customers and administrators' preference concerning operation format, the decision making components for operation format, and administrators' attitudes concerning contract managed and self-operated foodservice. Two types of questionnaires were developed and implemented. Customer and administrator's questionnaires were distributed to 900 university students and 27 administrators respectively, and 831 customers and 24 administrators were responded with a response rate of 92.3% and 88.8% respectively. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$-test, ANOVA, and T-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows 1. In deciding foodservice operation format, the components customers considered were the ability to provide variety of meal items, aesthetic and safe food(62.6%), the ability to provide a food with competetive low price(22.1%), and the ability to provide adequate service and nutrition information. On the contrary, the components administrators considered were the ability to provide variety of meal items, aesthetic and safe food(66.7%), the ability to relieve administrators of managerial burden of the foodservice operation(12.5%), and the ability to invest facility(8.3%). 2. The average score of attitude on contracted and self-operated management activities were 3.41, 3.10 respectively. University administrators evaluated that contractors performed financial management activities more effectively. 3. University administrators with contracted or self-operated foodservice favored their own current operation format.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1997

Today's rapidly changing healthcare environment and increasingly professional nursing practice indicate that identifying leadership characteristic of nursing leaders and executives is a vital importance in today' s time and also mandate innovative leadership for nursing service. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examined the transformational, transactional leadership styles of the Nurse Administrators. The sample consisted of sixteen mid-level nurse administrators, fifty head nurses of 5 General Hospital. Data for this study was collected from Sep. 20 to 29 by Bass' MLQ Questionnaire. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, one-way ANOVA. Major findings are as follows : Appropriate one-way ANOVA tests revealed that the differences for transformational and transactional leadership styles of nurse executives, mid-level nurse administrators as perceived by their immediate subordinates were statistically significant(P<.05). The scores of transformational and contingent reward behaviors were declined of the mid-level nurse administrators. The transactional scores of nurse administrators were lower than transformational ones, which is a desirable findings. The result of this study, the mid-level nurses administrators were perceived as the highest transformational leader by their subordinates. The nurse executives received the lower transformational leadership scores than mid-leval administrators. These results were opposit to the previous studies. Leader can aspire to these qualities of transformational leadership, building on the more traditional transactional dimensions. We can think that transformational leadership suggests a direction for developing a creative and rewarding approach to the leadership of professionalnursing practice environments. More research on transformational qualities in nursing service and controlled designs would be desirable for nursing service administration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.228-241
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• 1997

Today's healthcare environment is changing, driven by demographic, environmental, social, political and technological forces. These rapidly changing healthcare environment and increasingly professional nursing practice indicate that identifying leadership characteristic of nursing leaders and executives is a vital importance in today's time and also mandate innovative leadership for nursing service. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examined the transformational, transactional leadership styles of the Nurse Administrators. Also described are the relationships between these leadership styles and the job satisfaction. the organizational commitment of their subordinates. The sample consisted of sixteen mid-level nurse administrators, fifty head nurses and one hundred aid fifty-three staff nurses of 4 public & private University Hospitals and 1 General Hospital. Data for this study was collected from Sep. 20 to Oct. 5 by Questionnaire(Bass' MLQ, Job Satisfaction scale developed by Paula(1978), Organizational Commitment scale by Peter et at(1979). The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient with SPSS PC/sup ＋/ program. Major findings are as follows : Appropriate one-way ANOVA tests revealed that the differences for transformational and transactional leadership styles of nurse executives. mid-level nurse administrators, head nurses as perceived by their immediate subordinates were statistically significant(P<.05), The scores of transformational and contingent reward behaviors were declined of the mid-level nurse administrators, nurse executives. The transactional scores of nurse administrators were lower than trans- formational ones, which is a desirable findings. The result of this study, the head nurses were perceived as the highest transformational leader by their subordinates, and second was the mid-level nurse administrators. The nurse executives received the lowest transformational leadership scores from their subordinates. These results were opposit to the previous studies. And significant positive correlations were founded between transformational leadership including charisma, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration and contingent reward of nurse administrators and the job satisfaction, the organizational commitment of their subordinates. From the data, it can be concluded that transformational leadership style of nurse administrators promotes the job satisfaction, the organizational commitment of thier staff nurses. Therefore leader looks for potential motives in subordinates, seeks to satisfy higher need, and engages the full person of the subordinate resulting in a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to evaluate on the importance about the possible remedies for improvement of sanitation management by foodservice manager and to compare dietitians' opinion and that of administrators about theirs. A questionnaire survey was performed by 282 dietitians and 56 administrators, who were involved at foodservice facilities in Daegu and Gyeongbuk from March 7 to March 9 in 2007. According to the results of the importance evaluation analysis about the remedies for improvement of sanitation management, there were significant differences between dietitians and administrators in the means of 6 items such as "remodeling of hygiene equipment and facilities", "improvement of dietitians' food safety knowledge", "self-operated management of foodservice operation", "enforcement of cooperation between the CEO or administrators and dietitians", "development of food safety education program for foodservice workers", "increasing of foodservice operating budget". In all of them, the dietitians' evaluation scores were significantly higher than that of administrators. In addition, four factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. According to the results of one-way ANOVA, operating, education, and policy support sector showed that significant differences across type of foodservice, frequency of meals served, number of meals served per day, dietitians' education level and career. On the other hand, supervision sector showed that significant differences across number of meals served per day and dietitians' employment type. In conclusion, in order to increase the quality of sanitation in the foodservice operation, we should increase sanitation performance and enforce the food-safety education for foodservice workers. In addition, government should increase the policy support.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.329-347
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• 2016

This paper investigated the views of effective mathematics instruction on the part of school administrators, and then compared and contrasted such views with those of elementary school teachers based on the previous study. A total of 32 school administrators participated in this study and responded to three types of the questionnaire. The results of this study showed that school administrators regarded good mathematics teaching as using concrete materials and teaching students to think. School administrators put their first priority on curriculum and content among four main domains of good mathematics teaching, and did on constructing curriculum among seven sub-domains of good mathematics teaching. They agreed that good mathematics teaching includes teaching by reconstructing the curriculum according to students' various levels and teaching to emphasize the connection among mathematical concepts. However, they thought that good mathematics teaching might not include teaching for fluent calculation or teaching in well-equipped learning environment. The results of comparison of perspectives regarding good mathematics teaching between school administrators and teachers showed remarkably similar tendency. However, a noticeable difference was that school administrators agreed more than elementary school teachers with regard to the 20 elements related to effective mathematics instruction. This paper closes with implications based on the similarities and differences regarding effective mathematics instruction perceived by school administrators and teachers.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.51-67
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• 2011

This study is to investigate the job characteristics and the job satisfaction of the administrators in small libraries. Also, it is to catch individual differences between the administrators and provide the preliminary data which is helpful to the operation of organizations and offer of information service with selection, supplement of administrators in small libraries and employment placement which is regarding individual characteristics that perceive specific job, and the job satisfaction. As a result, individual characteristics, such as marital status, gender, and age, don't affect the job characteristics, but certificates, and formation of employment influences meaningfully to the job characteristics. It convinced that the individual characteristics, such as marital status, age, and formation of employment, influence to the job satisfaction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2186-2203
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• 2020

Security administrators of companies and organizations need to come up with proper countermeasures against cyber-attacks considering infrastructures and security policies in their possession. In order to develop and verify such countermeasures, the administrators should be able to reenact both cyber-attacks and defenses. Simulations can be useful for the reenactment by overcoming its limitations including high risk and cost. If the administrators are able to design various scenarios of cyber-attacks and to develop simulation models from their viewpoints, they can simulate desired situations and observe the results more easily. It is challenging to simulate cyber-security issues, because there is lack of theoretical basis for modeling a wide range of the security field as well as pre-defined basic components used to model cyber-attacks. In this paper, we propose a modeling method for cyber-security simulations by developing a basic component and a composite model, called Abstracted Cyber-Security Unit Model (ACSUM) and Abstracted Cyber-security SIMulation model (ACSIM), respectively. The proposed models are based on DEVS(Discrete Event systems Specification) formalism, a modeling theory for discrete event simulations. We develop attack scenarios by sequencing attack behaviors using ACSUMs and then model ACSIMs by combining and abstracting the ACSUMs from a security perspective. The concepts of ACSUM and ACSIM enable the security administrators to simulate numerous cyber-security issues from their viewpoints. As a case study, we model a worm scenario using ACSUM and simulate three types of simulation models based on ACSIM from a different security perspective.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.223-235
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate school administrators' perceptions of school evaluation, examining the current situation in the hope of finding solutions to the problems caused by current evaluation. The subjects of this research were consisted of 230 middle and high school administrators in Busan. The instrument used for the study were the questionnaire included 27 questions concerning the current situation, the problems and improvements of school evaluation. The results of this study were as followed: (1) school administrators generally have a positive attitude toward school evaluations. But, they thought need to enhance their leadership qualities so that teachers can feel more positive about participating in school evaluation. (2) school administrators have to show more of an interest in the planning, performance and the use of the results of evaluation. (3) to enhance the quality of teaching practices in school they have to improve their methods for providing feedback of the results of evaluations. (4) the biggest problem related to school evaluation is the lack of quality and professional knowledge of the evaluation teams. And each school develops a unique curriculum and focuses on the improvement of instruction methods.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

Purpose: Aim of this study was to gather and evaluate perceptions of investigators, IRB members, and IRB administrators on the appropriateness of IRB review process and bioethical oversight system of national R&D (NR&D) projects. Method: Investigators, IRB members, and IRB administrators at 17 different institutions were surveyed using convenience sampling and survey questionnaires were partially group-specialized to consider any differences between the groups. Results: Participants included 29 investigators, 37 IRB members, and 17 administrators with response rate of 100% (83 of 83). According to the responses obtained, insufficient preparation time for constructing protocol and gaining IRB approval was one of the main problems in the IRB review process (investigator 79.3%, IRB administrator 88.2%). Also, discrepancy between NR&D and IRB's protocol formats was another major issue (IRB members 96.4%, IRB administrator 100%) and most investigators (89.7%) had to modify the original NR&D protocol to obtain IRB approval. Moreover, it was reported that 13.8% of investigators and 31.3% of IRB administrators did not submit midyear reports to IRB and for bioethical issues of NR&D projects, 17.2% of investigators did not include information on project status and safety issues in the annual reports. Conclusion: In conclusion, for successful and ethical completion of R&D projects, revision of both IRB review process and NR&D project protocol formats as well as implementation of appropriate bioethical oversights are necessary.