• Title/Summary/Keyword: Administration and dosage

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The Srudy on the Relationship between blood Cyclosporin A level and Gingival Overgrowth in rats (Cyclosporin A 혈중농도와 백서 치은증식과의 관계)

  • Chung, Chan-Gill;Chung, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.71-86
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically and histopathologically the effects to the periodontal tissue in rats after Cyclosporin A (CsA) administration and to determine whether there is a relationship between dosage of CsA or blood CsA level and the seventy of gingival overgrowth in rats. Twenty 6-week-old Sprauge-Dawley Fats were randomized into 4groups. The control group received olive oil only and the test group received daily CsA in olive oil via gastric feeding for 6weeks at a 3,10, and 30mg/kg. Rats were weighed to evaluate the systemic effect of drug and stone models were made from alginate impressions of upper and lover anterior region at 2 week interval. On completion of offal CsA administration, blood were collected and blood CsA levels were quantitated by TDxFLx analyzer. Rats were sacrificed an6 their upper and lower jaws were removed together with the surrounding gingiva and soft tissue for light microscopic examination. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain of GsA-treated rats was much less than of the control group and central incisors were gradually displaced and separated in the test groups. 2. The extensive fibrovascular proliferation and scattered inflammatoy infiltrates in an edematous stroma were observed in enlarged gingiva of CsA-treated rats. 3. The increase in buccolingual, mesiodistal dimension of the anterior teeth and vertical height of the interdental papilla showed dose-dependent manner in CsA-treated rats. 4. Significant positive correlation exists between blood CsA level and the severity of gingival overgrowth in anterior teeth. This result indicates that the severity of gingival enlargement in CsA treated rats is correlated with dosage of CsA administration and blood CsA level.

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Circadian Changes of Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits (생체리듬에 따른 싸이클로스포린의 약물동태)

  • Choi, Jon Shik;Park, Bok Soon;Lee, Jin Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 1999
  • The effect of circadian rhythm on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics was studied in rabbits after oral administration of 10 mg/kg dose of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. The blood concentration data were subjected to simultaneous computer nonlinear least squares regression analysis using a 1-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The blood concentrations of cyclosporine at 10:00 a. m. were increased significantly during 2-6 hr compared to those at 10:00 p.m. The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration $(C_{max})$ of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. were increased significantly compared to those at 10:00 p.m. The mean total body clearance (CL) of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. were decreased significantly compared to those at 10:00 p.m. It is reasonable to consider individual circadian rhythm for effective dosage regimen of cyclosporine in therapeutics.

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An Improvement Plan with Assessment of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Service for Vancomycin (Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 운영 실태 조사와 업무 개선 방안)

  • Kim, Hae-Sook;Lee, Suk-Hyang
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.120-130
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this study was to analyze and to improve therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) service of vancomycin in a local hospital. Patients with TDM service between September 2005 and December 2008 were included and the data were collected for vancomycin use and components of TDM. During that period, 421 cases of TDM service of vancomycin in 236 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The first dosages of vancomycin were appropriate in 135(57.2%) patients and administration of vancomycin was discontinued in 126(53.4%) patients due to therapeutic failure or adverse drug reaction. MRSA was identified in 191(80.9%) patients and 135(70.7%) samples for the identification were sputum. According to the TDM reports, 232(55.1%) serum samples were obtained at the steady-state conditions and 55.5% of the samples that were drawn before the steady-state was due to the physician's inappropriate knowledge about the steady-state. Based on the time of vancomycin administration, 35.8% of the samples were not obtained at the recommended sampling time. For the patients in general wards, the most common reason for the incorrect samples was routine serum sampling by the laboratory medicine phlebotomists between 6 and 8 a.m. except sunday. In contrast, samples drawn by nurses or physicians at inappropriate time were the most common reason for the incorrect samples with patients in the intensive care units. Physicians accepted 68.5% of the recommendations for vancomycin dosage and administration. In conclusion, TDM service of vancomycin needs to be improved in inappropriate sampling time and vancomycin dosage. For solving these problems, current team made of TDM pharmacists and physicians of laboratory medicine can be expanded to include a physician of infectious diseases, nurses and laboratory medicine phlebotomists as new members. Through the TDM service of vancomycin by the new team, we can settle the problems and make the guideline for the scientific controversies associated with therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin.

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Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Powder of Locusta migratoria

  • Kwak, Kyu-Won;Kim, Sun Young;An, Kyu Sup;Kim, Yong-Soon;Park, Kwanho;Kim, Eunsun;Hwang, Jae Sam;Kim, Mi-Ae;Ryu, Hyeon Yeol;Yoon, Hyung Joo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.795-812
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    • 2020
  • Novel food sources have enormous potential as nutritional supplements. For instance, edible insects are considered as an alternative food source due to their higher protein content; moreover, they are economically efficient reproducers and have high in nutritional value. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of the freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (fdLM), known to contain rich proteins as well as fatty acids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of fdLM in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were divided into four groups based on the dosage of fdLM administered: dosage of 0 (vehicle control), 750, 1,500, and 3,000 mg/kg/day were administered for 28 days. Toxicological assessments including observations on food consumption, body and organ weights, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmologic tests, urinalyses, hematologic tests, clinical chemistry tests, gross findings, and histopathology tests were performed. Clinical signs, urinalyses, hematology, serum biochemistry tests, and organ weight examinations revealed no fdLM-related toxicity. The no-observed-adverse-effect level for fdLM was higher than 3,000 mg/kg/day in rats of both sexes; therefore, fdLM, in conclusion, can be considered safe as an edible alternative human and animal food source material.

Review of dexamethasone administration for management of complications in postoperative third molar surgery

  • Selvido, Diane Isabel;Bhattarai, Bishwa Prakash;Niyomtham, Nattisa;Riddhabhaya, Apiwat;Vongsawan, Kadkao;Pairuchvej, Verasak;Wongsirichat, Natthamet
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.341-350
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    • 2021
  • Dexamethasone has been used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus following third molar surgeries. It is a potent and powerful drug that can alleviate the aforementioned postoperative sequelae. Dexamethasone is responsible for inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators in the inflammation process to improve patient quality of life after surgical intervention. There are several available routes of administering dexamethasone. This article will help determine the suggested routes of administration, dosage, parameters, and dexamethasone timing for third molar surgeries.

Administration Progression and Adverse Event Report of Er-Xian Decoction for Menopausal Hot Flushes: Case Report and Review of Literature (폐경기 안면홍조 증상에 대한 한약처방 이선탕의 투여경과 및 이상반응 보고 : 증례보고 및 문헌고찰)

  • Kim, Bo-min;Jo, Hee-geun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.154-163
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    • 2019
  • Objective: We report on the administration progression and adverse event of Er-Xian decoction for menopausal hot flushes. A hot flush is a rapid and intense heat-dissipation reaction that involves considerable sweating, enlargement of the peripheral blood vessels, and internal body heat. Er-Xian decoction is a prescription for treating menopausal hot flush symptoms in postmenopausal women. We report administration progression and adverse event of Er-Xian decoction for menopausal hot flush. Methods: We used the Menopause Rating Scale and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire to evaluate the progression of hot flushes, and we conducted a literature review to determine the effective dosage of Er-Xian decoction. Result: In all cases, Facial hot flushes and evaluation variables were improved by the administration of EXD. However, in Case 1, a rise of liver function indexes which may be related to EXD administration was observed. Conclusion: Considering that menopausal flushing usually lasts for several years, The resluts are meaningful that the short-term administration of EXD led to improvement of symptoms. In order to further use EXD in the future, it will be necessary to conduct follow-up studies on the subject of safety verification, such as repeated dose toxicity studies.

Study of single dose toxic test of Sweet Bee Venom in Beagle Dogs (Sweet Bee Venom의 비글견을 이용한 단회근육시술 독성시험)

  • Yoon, Hye-Chul;Lee, Kwang-Ho;Kwon, Ki-Rok
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.43-61
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : This study was performed to analyse single dose toxicity of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom in Beagle dogs. Methods : All experiments were conducted under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical study authorized institution. Male and female Beagle dogs of 5-6 months old were chosen for the pilot study of single dose toxicity of Sweet BV which was administered at the level of 9.0 mg/kg body weight which is 1300 times higher than the clinical application dosage as the high dosage, followed by 3.0 and 1.0 mg/kg as midium and low dosage, respectively. Equal amount of excipient(normal saline) to the Sweet BV experiment groups was administered as the control group. Results : 1. No mortality was witnessed in all of the experiment groups. 2. Hyperemia and movement disorder were observed around the area of administration in all the experiment groups, and higher occurrence in the higher dosage treatment. 3. For weight measurement, Neither male nor female groups showed significant changes. 4. To verify abnormalities of organs and tissues, thigh muscle which treated with Sweet BV, brain, liver, lung, kidney, and spinal cords were removed and histologocal observation using H-E staining was conducted. In the histologocal observation of thigh muscle, cell infiltration, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis were found in both thigh tissue. And the changes depend on the dose of Sweet BV. But the other organs did not showed in any abnormality. 5. The maximum dose of Sweet BV in Beagle dogs were over 9 mg/kg in this study. Conclusions : The above findings of this study suggest that Sweet BV is a relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies on the toxicity of Sweet BV should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

Depressor Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Acorn(Quercus acutissima Carruthers) (도토리(Quercus acutissima Carruthers) 추출액(抽出液)의 혈압강하작용(血壓降下作用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Kee-Soon;Shin, Hong-Kee;Kim, Jong-Shik
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.12 no.1_2
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    • pp.7-13
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    • 1978
  • The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ethanol extracts of acorn (QAEE) on arterial blood Pressure and respiration, to find out the mechanism of depressor activity of QAEE,. add to determine lethal dosages of QAEE in rabbits and dogs. The results obtained were as follows: 1) After administration of 20 mg/Kg, 30 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg of QAEE into rabbits the maximum depressor responses observed were respectively $16.3{\pm}1.4\;mmHg$, $28.7{\pm}2.0\;mmHg$ and $45.6{\pm}3.1\;mmHg$, while mean depressor responses following administration of 40mg/kg, 60mg/kg and 80mg/kg of QAEE into dogs were $32.2{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$, $39.5{\pm}1.5\;mmHg$, and $47.0{\pm}1.6\;mmHg$ respectively 2) Genenally depressor responses increased in proportion to dosage of QAEE administered whereas at same dosage of QAEE depressor responses were greater in rabbit than in dog. 3) It is suggested that depressor activity of QAEE resides mostly in its activity to activate vagus nerves and partly in Its activity to block beta-rceptors. 4) The lethal dosages of QAEE were 50 mg/kg to 60mg/kg for rabbi hue 90mg/kg to 100 mg/kg for dogs. 5) After QAEE administration respiratory rates were generally increased in the rabbit and the dog.

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Establishment of Dissolution Specifications for Generic Drugs in Korea Pharmaceutical Codex Monograph - Nicametate Citrate Tablet, Norfloxacin Capsule (고시 수재 의약품의 용출규격 설정 - 구연산니카메테이트 정, 노르플록사신 캡슐)

  • Kim, Hee-Yun;Choi, Seon-Hee;Bang, Su-Jin;Han, Kyung-Jin;Choi, Sung-Hee;Baek, Ji-Yun;Kim, Dong-Sup;Kim, Young-Ok;Sohn, Kyung-Hee;Song, Young-Me;Sah, Hong-Kee;Choi, Hoo-Kyun
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.362-369
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    • 2010
  • Despite the fact that the dissolution test can serve as an effective tool for drug quality control and prediction of in vivo drug performance, there are a number of drugs with no established dissolution specifications because they were developed quite a long time ago. Under this circumstances, KFDA started the new project that establishes dissolution method and specifications for drugs with no dissolution specifications listed in the Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). This project aims for promoting the appropriate management of oral solid dosage forms. Seoul regional KFDA selected 2 items, Nicametate citrate tablet and Norfloxacin capsule, for establishing dissolution specifications. We went through the following procedures to develop the dissolution method and specifications: (1) Validation of dissolution test equipment, (2) Purchase of test drugs, (3) Preliminary test with one of the test products (1 lot), (4) Validation of analysis methods (3 lots), (5) Final tests and cross tests among other laboratory to establish dissolution specifications, (6) Additional test with the other test drugs. The outcome of this study will be reflected in revision of the KPC. It is believed that the quality control and evaluation of oral solid dosage forms listed in KPC will be advanced with the revision which adds additional dissolution test and specifications for the drugs with no established dissolution specifications.

Establishment of Dissolution Specifications for Octylonium Bromide Tablets and Pinaverium Bromide Tablets (브롬화옥틸로늄 정과 브롬화피나베륨 정의 용출규격 설정)

  • Lee, Ryun-Kyung;Lee, Yoon-Ae;Shim, Jee-Youn;Kim, Min-A;Sohn, Kyung-Hee;Park, Hye-Rim;Kim, Hee-Sung;Song, Young-Mi;Lee, Su-Jung;Sah, Hong-Kee;Choi, Hoo-Kyun;Kim, Young-Ok;Kim, Dong-Sup;Cho, Tae-Yong
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.419-425
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    • 2011
  • To secure the good quality of pharmaceutical products, dissolution specifications for Octylonium bromide tablets and Pinaverium bromide tablets are needed to be established, which are enrolled in KPC (Korea Pharmaceutical Codex) with having no appropriate specifications. For establishing dissolution specifications, a number of experiments based on the "Guideline of Dissolution Testing for Solide Oral Dosage Forms" were performed. The results of this study will be used for revising KPC and it is expected to contribute to the incessant production of quality ensured drugs.