• Journal of Semiconductor Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Handling precise timing in high-speed transceivers has always been a primary design target to achieve better performance. Many different approaches have been tried, and one of those is utilizing the beneficial nature of injection locking. Though the phenomenon was not intended for building integrated circuits at first, its coupling effect between neighboring oscillators has been utilized deliberately. Consequently, the dynamics of the injection-locked oscillator (ILO) have been explored, starting from R. Adler. As many aspects of the ILO were revealed, further studies followed to utilize the technique in practice, suggesting alternatives to the conventional frequency syntheses, which tend to be complicated and expensive. In this review, the historical analysis techniques from R. Adler are studied for better comprehension with proper notation of the variables, resulting in numerical results. In addition, how the timing jitter or phase noise in the ILO is attenuated from noise sources is presented in contrast to the clock generators based on the phase-locked loop (PLL). Although the ILO is very promising with higher cost effectiveness and better noise immunity than other schemes, unless correctly controlled or tuned, the promises above might not be realized. In order to present the favorable conditions, several strategies have been explored in diverse applications like frequency multiplication, data recovery, frequency division, clock distribution, etc. This paper reviews those research results for clock multiplication and data recovery in detail with their advantages and disadvantages they are referring to. Through this review, the readers will hopefully grasp the overall insight of the ILO, as well as its practical issues, in order to incorporate it on silicon successfully.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.351-360
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• 2022

This study aims to determine the factors that can influence investors in selecting stocks in the Indonesian capital market to establish an optimal portfolio, and find phenomena that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic so that buying interest / the number of investors increased in the Indonesian capital market. This study collection technique uses primary data obtained from the survey questionnaire and secondary data which is market data, stock price movement data sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Indonesian Central Securities Depository, and Bank Indonesia, as well as empirical literature on behavior finance, investment decision, and interest in buying stock. The method used in this research is the survey questionnaire analysis with the SEM (statistical approach). The results of the analysis using SEM show that investor behavior influences the stock-buying interest, investor behavior, and the stock-buying interest influences investor decision-making. However, risk management does not influence investor-decision making. This occurs when the investigator's psychological capacity produces more decision information by decreasing all potential biases, allowing the best stock selection model to be selected. When the investigator's psychological capacity creates more decision information by reducing biases, the optimum stock selection model can be chosen.