• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 영상에서 역 s-순으로 스캔된 주변 픽셀 값들을 이용하여 픽셀 값을 정밀하게 예측할 수 있는 효율적인 픽셀 값 예측 기법을 제안하였다. 영상에는 일반적으로 인접 픽셀 값들 사이에 비슷한 값을 갖는 유사성(similarity)이 존재하고, 방향성이 있는 에지 특성(directional edge characteristics)이 존재할 수 있다. 인접 픽셀간의 유사성과 에지 특성을 이용하여 픽셀 값을 예측하는 GAP(Gradient Adjacent Pixel) 기법을 개선하여 픽셀 값 예측 정확도를 향상시키는 기법을 본 논문에서 제안하였다. 제안된 기법에서는 주변 픽셀들의 위치별 가중치를 사용하여 픽셀 값을 정밀하게 예측하도록 함으로 예측 픽셀 값의 정확도를 증가시켰다. 실제 영상에 대한 실험을 통하여 제안된 기법의 우수성을 확인하였다. 제안된 기법은 가역 데이터 은닉, 가역 워터마킹 및 데이터 압축 등의 응용들에 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2020

In this paper, I proposed an effective technique for accurately predicting pixel values using edge components. Adjacent pixel values are similar to each other. That is, generally, similarity exists between adjacent pixels in an image. In the proposed algorithm, edge components are detected using the surrounding pixels in the first step, and pixel values are estimated using the edge components in the second step. Therefore, the prediction accuracy of the pixel value is improved and the prediction error is reduced. Pixel value prediction is a necessary technique for various applications such as image magnification and confidential data concealment. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher prediction accuracy and fewer prediction error. Therefore, the proposed technique can be effectively used for applications such as image magnification and confidential data concealment.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

In this paper, a pixel value prediction algorithm using edge components in three directions is proposed. There are various directional edges and similarity between adjacent pixels in natural images. After detecting the edge components in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the diagonal axis direction, the pixel value is predicted by applying the detected edge components and similarity between neighboring pixels. In particular, the predicted pixel value is calculated according to the intensity of the edge component in the diagonal axis direction. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict pixel values. The proposed algorithm can be used for applications such as reversible data hiding, reversible watermarking to increase the number of embedded data.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.2514-2526
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• 2013

This paper presents a detection method for least significant bit matching revisited (LSBMR) steganography. Previous research shows that the adjacent pixels of natural images are highly correlated and the value 0 appears most frequently in pixel difference. Considering that the message embedding process of LSBMR steganography has a weighted-smoothing effect on the distribution of pixel difference, the frequency of the occurrence of value 0 in pixel difference changes most significantly whereas other values approximately remain unchanged during message embedding. By analyzing the effect of LSBMR steganography on pixel difference distribution, an equation is deduced to estimate the frequency of difference value 0 using the frequencies of difference values 1 and 2. The sum of the ratio of the estimated value to the actual value as well as the ratio of the frequency of difference value 1 to difference value 0 is used as the steganalytic detector. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect LSBMR steganography and can outperform previous proposed methods.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a data hiding technique that effectively hides confidential data in the LSB of an image pixel by using the characteristics of the neighboring pixels of the image and the encryption techniques. In the proposed technique, the boundary surface of the image and the flat surface with little change in pixel values are investigated. At the boundary surface of the image, 1 bit of confidential data is encrypted and hidden in the LSB of the boundary pixel to preserve the characteristics of the boundary surface. In the pixels of the plane where the change in pixel value is small, 2 bits secret data is encrypted and hidden in the lower 2 bits of the corresponding pixel. In this way, when confidential data is hidden in an image, the amount of confidential data hidden in the image is greatly increased while maintaining excellent image quality. In addition, the security of hidden confidential data is strongly maintained. When confidential data is hidden by applying the proposed technique, the amount of confidential data concealed increases by up to 92.2% compared to the existing LSB method. The proposed technique can be effectively used to hide copyright information in commercial images.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 홍채정보로 개인인증을 위한 USB-OTG(Uiversal Serial Bus On-the-go) 영상인식 모듈을 설계한다. 개인인증을 위해 사용자가 스마트 폰 버튼을 누를 필요가 없도록 스마트 기기를 안면주위의 여러 장의 안면영상을 획득 후, 눈 깜박임에 의한 화소 값 차로 안면과 홍채영역을 검색하는 영상인식 알고리듬을 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 인접한 눈을 뜬 영상과 눈을 감은 영상을 감지한 안면과 홍채 영상의 프레임 화소 값의 차이를 사용한다. 또한, 홍채 영역분할에 의한 동공과 홍채영역 위치를 빠르게 찾을 수 방법을 활용한다. 제안한 빠른 홍채영역의 위치탐색은 눈 영역의 적정한 그리드 크기에 의해 결정할 수 있다. 안면과 홍채영역의 제한된 영역을 탐색하는 홍채인식 카메라 모듈의 USB-OTG 인터페이스 통한 인접영상의 프레임 차이에 의해 검출할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 이로서 스마트 디바이스 사용자가 홍채 인식을 위해 눈을 깜빡이지 않고 대기해야 하는 불편함을 제거함으로써 사용자 편의성을 증대시킬 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 실제 영상에 일반적으로 존재하는 지역성과 실제 영상에 존재하는 단순 볼록 곡면 특성과 단순 오목 곡면의 특성을 충실히 반영하도록 확대 영상의 보간 픽셀 값들을 추정하기 위하여 인접 픽셀 값과의 기울기 정보를 이용하는 효율적인 보간 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법을 적용하여 확대한 영상의 화질 향상을 측정하기 위하여 PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)을 사용하였다. 제안된 기법을 적용하여 확대한 다양한 영상들의 PSNR 값들이 기존의 보간 기법들을 적용하여 확대한 영상들의 PSNR 값보다 큰 것을 확인하였다.

• 대기
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

A technique on atmospheric correction algorithm to the multi-band reflectance of Landsat TM imagery has been developed using an atmospheric radiation transfer model for eliminating the atmospheric and surface diffusion effects. Despite the fact that the technique of satellite image processing has been continually developed, there is still a difference between the radiance value registered by satellite borne detector and the true value registered at the ground surface. Such difference is caused by atmospheric attenuations of radiance energy transfer process which is mostly associated with the presence of aerosol particles in atmospheric suspension and surface irradiance characteristics. The atmospheric reflectance depend on atmospheric optical depth and aerosol concentration, and closely related to geographical and environmental surface characteristics. Therefore, when the effects of surface diffuse and aerosol reflectance are eliminated from the satellite image, it is actually corrected from atmospheric optical conditions. The objective of this study is to develop an algorithm for making atmospheric correction in satellite image. The study is processed with the correction function which is developed for eliminating the effects of atmospheric path scattering and surface adjacent pixel spectral reflectance within an atmospheric radiation model. The diffused radiance of adjacent pixel in the image obtained from accounting the average reflectance in the $7{\times}7$ neighbourhood pixels and using the land cover classification. The atmospheric correction functions are provided by a radiation transfer model of LOWTRAN 7 based on the actual atmospheric soundings over the Korean atmospheric complexity. The model produce the upward radiances of satellite spectral image for a given surface reflectance and aerosol optical thickness.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.3406-3418
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• 2022

Reversible data hiding is an algorithm that has ability to extract the secret data and to restore the marked image to its original version after data extracting. However, some previous schemes offered the low image quality of marked images. To solve this shortcoming, a new reversible data hiding scheme based on pixel value ordering and edge detection mechanism is proposed. In our proposed scheme, the edge image is constructed to divide all pixels into the smooth regions and rough regions. Then, the pixels in the smooth regions are separated into non overlapping blocks. Then, by taking advantages of the high correlation of current pixels and their adjacent pixels in the smooth regions, PVO algorithm is applied for embedding secret data to maintain the minimum distortion. The experimental results showed that our proposed scheme obtained the larger embedding capacity. Moreover, the greater image quality of marked images are achieved by the proposed scheme than that other previous schemes while the high EC is embedded.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2016

Conventional techniques for solving the noise problem have problems to generate different results, depending on the image size and weight values of the used masks, and they require many operations by using a complex formula. In this paper, we propose an image enhancement algorithm to solve the noise problem in a simple, yet easy-to-use way. For this purpose, we determined the difference between the noise of the two adjacent pixels for the horizontal and vertical, and for the two diagonal directions that each of the noise problem occurred, and then we got the average value of these pixel values. Then, we solve the noise problem by using the optimal average value in accordance with occurrence of the noise in the horizontal and vertical, and two adjacent pixels in a diagonal direction. As a result, we got the result that the noise solution in a simple, yet easy-to-use method to obtain a resultant image.