• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NL) extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese db/db mice. NL extract among various parts (leaf, seed, and root) of N. nucifera most effectively reduced adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of NL extract enhanced the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as compared to untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The oral administration of NL extract (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced food efficacy ratio, body weight, and face or total cholesterol level in obese db /db mice. Also, administration of NL extract significantly decreased adipocyte size and C/EBPα or PPARγ expression in the adipose tissues as compared with control (obese db/db mice). Therefore, our results suggest that NL extract among various parts of N. nucifera could be used as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2004

Brazilin shows hypoglycemic effect in diabetic animals through enhancement of glucose metabolisms in insulin responsive tissues. One of the major mechanisms of brazilin to enhance glucose metabolism is stimulation of glucose transport in adipocytes. In this study, the essential molecular moiety of brazilin for the stimulation of glucose transport was investigated. We found that brazilin undergoes a structural change in physiological buffer and produces hydrogen peroxide. Methylation of hydroxyl group of brazilin or addition of catalase along with brazilin resulted in the complete inhibition of brazilin-induced glucose transport in adipocytes. Because hydrogen peroxide increases glucose transport by inhibition of phosphatases, we examined the effect of brazilin on phosphatase activity. Brazilin inhibited phosphatases in a wide range of activity, and protein phosphatase 1 and 2A were also inhibited. These results suggest that the production of hydrogen peroxide by oxidation of catechol hydroxyl group of brazilin mediates glucose transport through inhibition of phosphatases which otherwise decrease glucose transport in adipocytes.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cultivated wild ginseng extract on primary cultured preadipocyte and adipocytes. Methods Diminish preadipocyte proliferation does primary role to reduce obesity. So, preadipocytes and adipocytes were performed on cell cultures with using Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with 0.01-1mg/ml cultivated wild ginseng extract. Result At all concentrations, cultivated wild ginseng extract wasn't show the suppress proliferation of preadipocytes significantly and failed to show effects on decomposition of adipocytes except high dosage. Conclusion Based on these findings, cultivated wild ginseng is not a suitable choice for the treatment of localized obesity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1994

Hypoglycemic mechanism of brazilin was investigated in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Plasma glucose levels of diabetic rats were significantly ame]iorated by the treatment of brazilin, but there were no changes in plasma insulin levels. Brazilin increased insulin binding capacity to epididymal adipocytes, and Scatchard analysis revealed that this increase in insulin binding was not due to the increase of insulin binding sites but that of binding affinity. 2-Deoxyglucose uptake of epididymal adipocytes was significantly augmented by the intraperitoneal administration of brazilin and the same result was obtained in in vitro study. Glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in epididymal adipocytes were significantly enhanced by the treatment of bracilin.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.542-547
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• 1998

The main function of adipocytes in various species is to store nutrient energy in the form of triglycerides, and this function may he closely related with hormonal signaling through the plasma membrane of adipocytes. Using SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and a membrane biotinylation technique, we have identified a 55KDa protein (55K protein) from the plasma membrane fraction of adipocytes, with an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.1-8.3. However, this 55K protein was not observed with a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis carried out on plasma membrane fractions prepared from the liver, heart, and kidney tissues. An analysis of the 12 amino acids sequence at the N-terminal of the 55K protein showed that it has a similar sequence to that of bovine serum albumin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2008

In order to develop a functionally improved kochujang with antiobesity effects, garlic-added kochujang was prepared with freeze-dried garlic powder and followed by fermentation for 60 days at $30^{\circ}C$. Antiobesity effect of the garlic-added kochujang was investigated by measuring the leptin secretions and mRNA expression levels of obesity-related gene such as TNF${\alpha}$, PPAR${\gamma}$, C/EBP${\alpha}$, and SREBP1c, in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fermentation of garlic-added kochujang led to decreased levels of leptin secretions and reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF${\alpha}$, PPAR${\gamma}$, C/EBP${\alpha}$, and SREBP1c in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Accordingly, these results suggest that the addition of garlic to kochujang has a potential as a valuable functional food for controlling obesity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

Animals possess a highly sophisticated mechanism of storing energy in adipose tissue inside their bodies. However, in humans it has been clarified that adipocyte (fat cell), which composes the body fat (adipose) tissues, development and the extent of subsequent fat accumulation are closely associated with the occurrence and advancement of various common diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension) resulting from obesity. Recent exciting progress in clinical and biochemical studies of adipocytes has rapidly clarified the functions of adipocytes and adipose tissue. Interesting findings are the function of white adipocytes as "secreting cells" and the molecular mechanism undelying adipocyte differentiation at the transcriptional level in relation to nuclear receptors. Consequently, the adipose tissue is being targeted for the prevention or treatment of many common diseases. In this review, I will focus on recent information on characteristics of adipocytes and the relationship between obesity and common obesity-related diseases. diseases.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.855-862
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• 2012

Resveratrol (RVT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) individually inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The objective was to examine the possibility of interaction between RVT and EGCG, resulting in enhanced inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with RVT and EGCG individually at 6.25 or $25{\mu}M$ (RVT6.25 or RVT25) and 12.5 or $50{\mu}M$ (EGCG12.5 or EGCG50) and in combination (RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50). RVT25 as an individual compound decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 24%, and RVT25 + EGCG50 further decreased lipid accumulation by 77%. In addition, exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50 combinations resulted in an enhanced increase of adiponectin release and inhibition of leptin release. Quantitative analysis revealed that the combination of tested materials (RVT6.25 + EGCG12.5 and RVT25 + EGCG50) decreased the expression levels of C/EBP${\alpha}$, PPAR${\gamma}2$, and aP2. These results indicate that the combined treatments with RVT and EGCG produce synergistic effects on inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The overall results suggested that the combining RVT and EGCG might be more capable of exerting antiobesity effects than each individual compound by itself.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2005

Due to its safety and softness, autologous fat transplantation has been commonly performed for soft tissue correction. However, the injected fat is absorbed resulting in the reduction of volume of the graft by 40-60% within a few months. Thus, there was an attempt to use adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes in vitro for transplantation. Differentiated adipocytes were biocompatible and matured with gradual volume increase at transplantation site in clinical study(unpublished data). In addition, they did not induce immune rejection in response to nonself lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR)(unpublished data). The purpose of this study is to differentiate mouse preadipocytes following labeling into adipocytes to establish an animal model for allogenic transplantation. Preadipocytes isolated from inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad of C57BL/6 mice were proliferated with growth medium by passage 3 and differentiated into adipocytes with different culture conditions after labeled with BrdU. At most suitable conditions, above 90% of preadipocytes were differentiated and BrdU labeling did not affect differentiation rate and function of differentiated adipocytes. These results demonstrate that BrdU-labeled adipocytes resulting from this in vitro differentiation protocol are useful for allogenic transplantation study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean (FS) extract on adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with FS and nonfermented soybean (NFS) extract during differentiation for 10 days in vitro. Oil red O staining was performed and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was measured for analysis of fat accumulation. Expressions of adipogenic genes were measured. RESULTS: Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 contained higher levels of low-molecular-weight protein than conventional soybean protein did. FS extract ($50{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 10 days in vitro. Significantly lower GPDH activity was observed in differentiated adipocytes treated with the FS extract than those treated with NFS extract. Treatment with FS extract resulted in decreased expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and adipogenin genes, which are associated with adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: This report is the first to demonstrate that the water-soluble extract from FS inhibits fat accumulation and lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the soybean extract fermented with A. oryzae GB107 could be used to control lipid accumulation in adipocytes.