• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.1206-1212
• /
• 2023

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in regulating various cellular behaviors, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation [1-3]. The intracellular β-catenin level, which is regulated by a proteasomal degradation pathway, is critical to Wnt/β-catenin pathway control [4]. Normally, casein kinase 1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which form a complex with the scaffolding protein Axin and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), phosphorylate β-catenin at Ser45, Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 [5, 6]. Phosphorylated β-catenin is ubiquitinated by the β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and ubiquitinated β-catenin is degraded via a proteasome pathway [7, 8]. Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Abnormal up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a major pathological event in intestinal epithelial cells during human colorectal cancer oncogenesis [9]. Genetic mutations in the APC gene are observed in familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) and sporadic colorectal cancers [10]. In addition, mutations in the N-terminal phosphorylation motif of the β-catenin gene were found in patients with colorectal cancer [11]. These mutations cause β-catenin to accumulate in the nucleus, where it forms complexes with transcription factors of the T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family to stimulate the expression of β-catenin responsive genes, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, which leads to colorectal tumorigenesis [12-14]. Therefore, downregulating β-catenin response transcription (CRT) is a potential strategy for preventing and treating colorectal cancer. Plant cytokinins are N⁶-substituted purine derivatives; they promote cell division in plants and regulate developmental pathways. Natural cytokinins are classified as isoprenoid (isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and dihydrozeatin), aromatic (benzyladenine, topolin, and methoxytopolin), or furfural (kinetin and kinetin riboside), depending on their structure [15, 16]. Kinetin riboside was identified in coconut water and is a naturally produced cytokinin that induces apoptosis and exhibits antiproliferative activity in several human cancer cell lines [17]. However, little attention has been paid to kinetin riboside's mode of action. In this study, we show that kinetin riboside exerts its cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting intracellular β-catenin degradation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.40-42
• /
• 2006

Riedel's thyroiditis is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by an invasive process that partially destroys the gland and extends into adjacent neck structures. Its clinical manifestation as a stonyhard, poorly defined enlargement over the thyroid gland and local compression of the trachea, esophagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve can mimic invasive thyroid carcinoma and mask the accompanied thyroid neoplasm. A case of Riedel's thyroiditis in a 59-year-old female patient, admitted with a previous diagnosis of adenomatous goiter, is reported. So, we present this case with the review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2007

A 60 years old female patient presented with $8{\times}6\;cm$ sized painless oval mass in the left parietal region. She had left lobectomy of thyroid gland 10 years ago. Cranial CT, MRI, FGD PET-CT showed a solid mass which invaded left parietal bone. After embolization, craniectomy with tumor excision was performed. Histological examination revealed metastatic follicular cancer originated thyroid gland, with vascular and dura invasion. Postoperatively, neck CT showed right thyroid multiple nodules and right level III multiple lymph node enlargement. Thyroid function test was normal, but level of thyroglobulin was high (72ng/ml). So she had right lobectomy of thyroid gland with lymph node dissection under a diagnosis of follicular carcinoma. But histological examination revealed adenomatous hyperplasia and not lymph node metastasis. After operation, she received radioiodine therapy of 150mCi and then the level of thyroglobulin normalized (8.4ng/ml). The patient is under follow-up since she had operation 4 months ago.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.1_2
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1974

The authors studied on the 5 cases of solitary thyroid nodule by T3 suppression test and TSH stimulation test. Radioiodine uptake and thyroid scan were observed after administration of dssicated thyroid and TSH. 3 of 5 cases were teated by $^{131}I$ and 2 by long-term adiministration of dessicated thyroid. Following were the results: 1. Nodular tissue was not affected by the administration of dessicated thyroid or TSH. 2. Extranodular tissue responded as normal thyroid tissue on the administration of dessicated thyroid or TSH. 3. There were many gradations from euthyroid to hyperthroid in clinical state. 4. Treatments were succesful in all cases except one case who was treated by long-term administration of dessicated thyroid.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 1988

Adenosquamous carcinoma of stomach is a mixed glandular-epidermoid tumor where both components are neoplastic. Its incidence is extremely rare. The five theories on the origin of squamous components are 1) island of ectopic squamous epithelium in the gastric mucosa, 2) squamous metaplasia of gastric epithelium, 3) squamous differentiation in a preexisting adenocarcinoma, 4) endothelial cell differentiated toward squamous elements, and 5) totipotential undifferentiated cells of the gastric mucosa. We experienced three cases of adenosquamous carcinoma. Case 1 was a 71-year-old female patient. ; an ulcerative lesion was present in the pylorus, measuring 5cm in diameter. Case 2 was a 57-year-old male patient. ; an ulcerative lesion is present in the pylorus, measuring 6 em in diameter. Case 3 was a 58-year-old female patient. ; an ulcerative lesion was present in the body and fundus, measuring 10cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a mixed malignant squamous and adenomatous component.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 1992

Ten patients with $H\"{u}rthle$ cell tumor of the thyroid gland from Dec. 1987 to Sep. 1992 were reviewed to delinate an acceptable policy of treatment. Patients varied from age 23 years to 66 and consisted of nine females and one male, most of whom had an asymptomatic solitary cold nodule. Four patients had benign neoplasm and six patients had malignant neoplasm proven by capsular or vascular invasion or nodal metastasis. Associated thyroid lesions occurred in five patients, three adenomatous goiter, one Graves' disease and one follicular cell carcinoma. Surgery consisting of lobectomy and isthmectomy in four patients, bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy in one patients, total thyroidectomy in five patients. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Only one patient was experienced transient hypocalcemia. The period of observation varied from 15 to 58 months(mean, 30.5 months). Although our case was small and short follow up period, there were no recurrences or deaths. We suggested early aggressive surgical approach was appropriate because of lower recurrence rate and fewer operation, high bilateralism, lower surgical complication.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.49 no.9
• /
• pp.455-456
• /
• 2016

Mutations of APC and KRAS are frequently observed in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and the Wnt/β-catenin and Ras pathways are consequently activated in a significant proportion of CRC patients. Mutations in these two genes are also known to synergistically induce progression of CRCs. Through a series of studies, we have demonstrated that inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway negatively regulates Ras stability, therefore, Ras abundance is increased together with β-catenin in both mice and human CRCs harboring adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations. In a recent study, we identified KY1220, a small molecule that simultaneously degrades β-catenin and Ras by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and obtained its derivative KYA1797K, which has improved activity and solubility. We found that KYA1797K binds the RGS domain of axin and enhances the binding affinity of β-catenin or Ras with the β-catenin destruction complex components, leading to simultaneous destabilization of β-catenin and Ras via GSK3β activation. By using both in vitro and in vivo studies, we showed that KYA1797K suppressed the growth of CRCs harboring APC and KRAS mutations through destabilization of β-catenin and Ras. Therefore, our findings indicate that the simultaneous destabilization of β-catenin and Ras via targeting axin may serve as an effective strategy for inhibition of CRCs.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1987.05a
• /
• pp.23.1-23
• /
• 1987

1985년 1월부터 1986년 12월까지 전북의대 부속병원 이비인후과에 입원하여 수술치료를 받은 34예의 갑상선 결절을 가진 환자를 대상으로 임상분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 34례중 32례(94.1%)가 양성, 그리고 2례(5.9%)가 악성 결절이었다. 2) 성비는 33 : 1로 여성에서 월등히 많았다. 3) 20-40대가 25명(73.5%)였고, 40대가 11명(32.4%)로 가장 많았다. 4) 이병기간은 3개월 이내가 14명(41.1%)으로 가장 많았다. 5) 임상증상에서 결절 촉진 34례(100%), 피로감 6례(18%) 심계항진 5례(15%)순이었다. 6) 발생부위에서는 우엽 21례(62%), 좌엽 10례(29%), 양엽 2례(6%) isthmus 1례(3%)순이었다. 7) $I^{131}$섭취검사에서 73.9%가 정상범위였으며, 갑상선주사소견에서는 cold결절이 91.3%였다. 8) 병리조직학적 분류를 보면 양성에서는 adenema 24례(75%), adenomatous goiter 5례(16%), cyst 3례(9%)순이었고 악성 2례는 papillary earcinoma 였다. 9) 수술방법은 일측성 편엽절제술이 22례(64.7%)로 가장 많았다. 10) 수술후 합병증은 경도의 출혈이 5례(14.7%)였고, 다음이 일시적 사성 3례(8.8%)이었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 1969

Researches to determine the infectious status on the pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum(Janson 1889) Looss, 1907, were made into several slaughter hauses at four different districts through seven years from 1963 to 1969. The infection rate showed 2962 positive of 5974 heads (49.6%) of cattle at the Seoul first slaughter hause in Seoul, 881 positive of 1021 heads (86.3%) in Cheju, and six(6) positive of 56 heads (11.1%) at Suwon, 58 positive of 306 heads(19.0%)at Joenju. The infection rate 53.1%, (2907 positive heads of total 7357 heads exammed) is the representative infection rate at the cattle eurytremiasis in Korea. It showed little variation through a year and was increased as compared with those of the past period, from 1915 to 1945. Fecal examinations in order to find out the local distribution of the pancreatic fluke were conducted on cattle, sheep, and goats raised in four districts, showing two(2) of 269 heads (0.7%) in Kyonggi-do, 41 of 212 heads (19.3%) in Cheju-do, and negative in both Chungnam-do and Joenbuk-do. When an artificial infection wss performed on rabbits and goats with metacercaria of the pancreatic fluke, Parenchyma of their pancreas were degenerated and the ducts were dilated. When cattle and sheep were infected naturally, the pancreatic ducts were also dilated, the wall was thickened, and adenomatous and epithelial hyperplasia was appeared. The conclusion, putting the foregoing pathological changes, has been arrived at chronic hyperplastic pancreatitis in the eurytremiasis of cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2004

A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary behavioral factors associated with colorectal cancer risks. Data were collected from 128 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 129 controls regarding stages of dietary behavioral change, perceived barrier, self efficacy, nutrition knowledge, social support and food availability as well as body mass index and overall dietary quality. Cases showed less desirable behaviors with respect to fat reduction and vegetable intake compared with controls based on the analyses of the stages of dietary change. After adjustment of relevant covariates (age, gender and smoking), significant trends of increasing risk with higher level emerged for perceived barriers resulted from environmental conditions (OR = 1.6 - 2.0) and self-efficacy (OR = 2.2-2.3). No such relationships were found for nutrition knowledge and social support. The risk of colorectal cancer was associated with the kinds of foods available at home showing a borderline protective relation with milk (OR = 0.6) and respective significant and borderline direct associations for fresh meat (OR = 2.1) and soft drinks (OR = 0.6 when reversely scored). Within-group analyses presented best predictors of overall dietary quality as food availability for the case and self-efficacy and social support for the control. The findings of this study suggested a need for focusing on motivational and reinforcing factors in the development of nutrition education programs for colorectal cancer prevention.