• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.205-216
• /
• 2017

Carbonaceous aerosols such as the equivalent black carbon (eBC), the elemental carbon (EC) and the organic carbon (OC) were monitored at the Seoul Olympic Park site ($37.521^{\circ}N$, $127.124^{\circ}E$) during the KORUS-AQ 2016 campaign using a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and an OCEC Analyzer. Averaged mass concentrations of eBC, EC and OC were presented as $2.46{\pm}1.52{\mu}g/m^3$, $1.01{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/m^3$ and $4.85{\pm}2.60{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. OC/EC ratio and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of light absorbing aerosols were calculated as 2.32 and $14.8m^2/g$, respectively. Diesel OC concentrations were estimated from a source profile of diesel vehicles as well. eBC mass concentrations measured from May $26^{th}$ to May $27^{th}$, 2016 showed 40% higher than averaged eBC mass concentrations during campaign period. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations measured in this period were also higher than average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. High eBC concentrations were observed from May $29^{th}$ to May $31^{st}$, 2016 and from June $9^{th}$ to June $11^{th}$, 2016, possibly due to morning rush hour and the effect of temperature inversion at night. Diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC showed a typical pattern of metropolitan area. In the weekend, however, diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC mass concentrations were different from those measured in the weekday. It is expected that this study can help to understand the relationship between carbonaceous aerosols in a metropolitan area.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the independent factors associated with the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between March and December 2013 at the academic ED at the tertiary urban hospital. During the study period, the pre-designed registry was recorded. The variables examined included the following: patients' demographic data (Sex, age, address, type of insurance, marital status, level of education, and history of previous psychiatric disease), suicide-related data (suicidal methods, combined drink of alcohol and number of previous attempts), and management-related data (disposition at ED, physician's training level, etc.). Univariated and multivariated logistic regression analyses were performed for identification of factors affecting the registration rate for the community-based post suicidal care program. Results: A total of 163 suicides were included during the study period. Of these, 33 (20.2%) patients were registered in the post-suicide care program. Factors including a patient's address (OR: 14.92, 95% CI: 3.606-61.711), immediate intervention by psychiatric healthcare center (OR: 5.05, CI: 1.688-15.134), admissions in hospital (OR: 3.69, CI: 1.286-10.605), and history of previous psychiatric disease (OR: 3.52, CI: 1.216-10.201) showed significant association with registration for the program. Conclusion: The community-based post-suicidal care program, which is available 24 hours a day, should be operated in each district in order to increase the registration rate. Emergency physicians should actively consider the inpatient treatment program for suicidal patients and strongly recommend registration to the program, particularly for patients without previous history of psychiatric disease.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.25-41
• /
• 2014

최근 스마트 기기를 통해 소셜미디어에 참여하는 사용자가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 빅데이터 분석에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 최근 포털 사이트에서 검색어로 자주 입력되거나 다양한 소셜미디어에서 자주 언급되는 단어에 대한 분석을 통해 사회적 이슈를 파악하기 위한 시도가 이루어 지고 있다. 이처럼 다량의 텍스트를 통해 도출된 사회적 이슈의 기간별 추이를 비교하는 분석을 이슈 트래킹이라 한다. 하지만 기존의 이슈 트래킹은 두 가지 한계를 가지고 있다. 첫째, 전통적 방식의 이슈 트래킹은 전체 기간의 문서에 대해 일괄 토픽 분석을 실시하고 각 토픽의 기간별 분포를 파악하는 방식으로 이루어지므로, 새로운 기간의 문서가 추가되었을 때 추가된 문서에 대해서만 분석을 추가 실시하는 것이 아니라 전체 기간의 문서에 대한 분석을 다시 실시해야 한다는 실용성 측면의 한계를 갖고 있다. 둘째, 이슈는 끊임 없이 생성되고 소멸될 뿐 아니라, 때로는 하나의 이슈가 둘 이상의 이슈로 분화하고 둘 이상의 이슈가 하나로 통합되기도 한다. 즉, 이슈는 생성, 변화(병합, 분화), 그리고 소멸의 생명주기를 갖게 되는데, 전통적 이슈 트래킹은 이러한 이슈의 가변성을 다루지 않았다는 한계를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 대상 기간 전체의 문서를 한꺼번에 분석하는 방식이 아닌 세부 기간별 문서에 대해 독립적인 분석을 수행하고 이를 통합할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 새로운 이슈가 생성되고 변화하며 소멸되는 전체 과정을 규명하였다. 또한 실제 인터넷 뉴스에 대해 제안 방법론을 적용함으로써, 제안 방법론의 실무 적용 가능성을 분석하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.355-360
• /
• 2006

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), due to Leishmania major, is endemic in different parts of Iran and has long been recognized in most provinces of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of childhood leishmaniasis in 3 areas at the southeast of Kashan, A descriptive study was carried out on all children referred to central laboratories during a 3-year period. Initial information including age, sex, sites of ulcer on the body, number of lesions, address, and the place of the disease was obtained. The study gathered 117 children, and the results showed a prevalence of 7.2% in patients with lesions among the population and 4.2% of people displayed lesion and scar. The ages of subjects were from 6 to 15 years (average 9.75 years). The boy: girl ratio was 1.2. All of our patients lived in an endemic area. The face was affected in 47.0% of cases. The encountered forms of leishmaniasis are as follows: papulonodular 27.4%, ulcer 60.7%, sporotrichoid 6%, impetiginous 2.5%, and erysipeloid 3.4%. Treatment with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate 20-30 mg/kg/day was done for 93 patients. Meglumine antimoniate treatment was tolerated with no side effects. All leishmaniasis lesions healed within an average period of 2-14 months. Hyperpigmented scars were formed in 25.6% of the patients, atrophic scars in 4.3%, and hypopigmented scars were in 3.4%, respectively The findings of this study indicate increased prevalence of CL in the villages at the area of Kashan and Aran-Bidgol. The clinical finding patterns belonged to different endemic strains of L. major in Isfahan, which indicates the possible transmission of infection from Isfahan to this area.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제38C권8호
• /
• pp.683-691
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 IEEE 802.15.4 기반 메쉬 센서 네트워크 환경에서 인접 코디네이터 간 발생할 수 있는 패킷 충돌 문제를 완화하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존 연구에서는 센서 노드의 backoff period (BP)를 적절하게 조절하여 재전송 횟수를 줄이거나, 트래픽 부하에 따라 채널 활용도롤 효율적으로 높임으로써 불필요한 에너지 소모를 줄이고자 하였다. 기존 연구와 달리 제안 기법에서는 인접 코디네이터 사이의 경쟁을 회피하여 센서 노드의 에너지 효율성을 향상시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 제안하는 기법에서는 인접 코디네이터들의 경쟁 구간 시작 시점을 분산시켜 코디네이터 간에 발생하는 경쟁 및 패킷 충돌을 완화하였다. 시뮬레이션을 이용한 성능 평가를 통해 제안하는 기법이 에너지 소모 측면에서 보다 효율적일 뿐만 아니라 충돌 발생 정도, hroughput, 전송 지연 등 다양한 측면에서 그 성능이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2014

교류형 플라즈마 디스플레이(AC PDP)의 유지기간 동안 강방전과 약방전을 발생시킬 수 있는 파형을 인가하여 계조의 선형성을 향상시키기 위한 새로운 유지 구동파형과 그의 구현 방법이 제안된다. AC PDP의 계조를 표현하기 위한 구동방법은 하나의 TV 프레임 내에 여러 개의 서브필드를 조합하는 것이며 각 서브필드 내의 휘도는 유지 펄스 개수의 차이에 의해 결정된다. 유지기간 동안 유지 펄스들이 인가되면 똑같은 크기의 강한 플라즈마 방전만 발생하므로 이상적으로 선형적 계조 표현이 용이해 보이지만, 각 서브필드 내에는 계조 표현과 상관없는 기입 방전과 첫 번째 유지 방전이 매번 발생하기 때문에 사실상 선형적 계조 표현이 어려워진다. 그러므로 유지기간 동안 유지 파형의 모양을 변형시켜서 강방전 대신 일부분 약방전도 발생시키는 새로운 유지 구동 파형을 적용하여 계조 표현을 선형에 가깝도록 개선하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

Cognitive Radio는 비어있는 주파수 대역을 적절하게 사용하여 주파수 자원 부족의 문제를 완화하는데 효과적인 방법이다. 우선 사용자 시스템의 간섭 없는 데이터 전송을 보장하기 위해서는 휴지기간(quite period)동안의 스펙트럼 센싱이 제안되어왔다. 그러나 CR시스템에서 우선 사용자(우선 사용자 : Primary User)는 예상치 못한 시간에 나타날 수 있기 때문에 우선 사용자에 대한 간섭을 막기에는 충분하지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 기존 스펙트럼 센싱방법의 한계에 대해 설명하고 실시간으로 우선 사용자를 검출하기 위해 이를 모니터링하는 블록을 갖는 새로운 CR 수신기를 제안한다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 2개의 문턱값으로 우선 사용자를 검출하는 고유치값 기반의 검출방법을 검증한다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2020

Unmet healthcare needs lead to increased disease severity, increased likelihood of complications, and worse disease prognosis. To examine the latest status of unmet healthcare needs in South Korea, the four different data configured with nationally representative sample of South Korean population were used: the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNAHANES, 2007-2018), the Community Health Survey (CHS, 2008-2018), the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, 2011-2016), and the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS, 2006-2018). The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were 7.8% (KNHANES, 2018), 8.8% (CHS), and 10.8% (KHP, 2016). Annual percentage change which characterizes trend for the follow-up period was -9.1%, -3.2%, and -6.8%, respectively. The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs due to cost were 1.2% (KNAHANES, 2018), 1.2% (CHS, 2018), 2.5% (KHP, 2016), and 0.5% (KOWEPS, 2018). Annual percentage change which characterizes trend for the follow-up period was -10.3%, -12.0%, -11.3%, and -18.8, respectively. The low-income population and the elderly population were vulnerable groups reporting the highest rate of unmet health care needs. The rate of unmet healthcare needs has been declining since the past decade, still, the disparity between different income groups and age groups suggests that there are many challenges to address.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.243-243
• /
• 2015

Low-flow simulation and forecasting is one of the emerging issues in hydrology due to the increasing demand of water in dry periods. Even though low-flow simulation and forecasting remains a difficult issue for hydrologists better simulation and earlier prediction of low flows are crucial for efficient water management. The UN has never stated that South Korea is in a water shortage. However, a recent study by MOLIT indicates that Korea will probably lack water by 4.3 billion m3 in 2020 due to several factors, including land cover and climate change impacts. The two main situations that generate low-flow events are an extended dry period (summer low-flow) and an extended period of low temperature (winter low-flow). This situation demands the hydrologists to concentrate more on low-flow hydrology. Korea's annual average precipitation is about 127.6 billion m3 where runoff into rivers and losses accounts 57% and 43% respectively and from 57% runoff discharge to the ocean is accounts 31% and total water use is about 26%. So, saving 6% of the runoff will solve the water shortage problem mentioned above. The main objective of this study is to present the hydrological modelling approach for low-flow simulation and forecasting using a model that have a capacity to represent the real hydrological behavior of the catchment and to address the water management of summer as well as winter low-flow. Two lumped hydrological models (GR4J and CAT) will be applied to calibrate and simulate the streamflow. The models will be applied to Seolmacheon catchment using daily streamflow data at Jeonjeokbigyo station, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies will be calculated to check the model performance. The expected result will be summarized in a different ways so as to provide decision makers with the probabilistic forecasts and the associated risks of low flows. Finally, the results will be presented and the capacity of the models to provide useful information for efficient water management practice will be discussed.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.191-215
• /
• 2011

This paper aims at investigating Dorothy Wordsworth's later conversation poetry, which has not been the focus of critical discussions on her literary works. While many critics have been emphasizing Dorothy Wordsworth's journals and the tendency of self-effacement in her prose, this paper argues that her later poetry often reveals acute self-consciousness about the circumstances that condition this self-annihilation and searches for a creative way to endorse her own identity. In "Lines Intended for My Niece's Album," she expresses anxiety and uncertainty about the inclusion of her poetic piece in Dora Wordsworth's album, which contains poems by prominent male writers of the contemporary period. "Irregular Verses" presents Dorothy Wordsworth's self-conscious narrative of her girlhood and shows how her own ambition to become a "Poet" has been stifled by external circumstances, including the ideology that instills the idea of proper womanhood into aspiring girls. While these poems examine contemporary gender discourse and the frustrated poethood resulting from it, other poems activate conversations with William Wordsworth's poems and thereby provide a revisionary re-writing of her brother's texts. For example, in "Lines Addressed to Joanna H." Dorothy Wordsworth becomes "a woman addressed who herself addresses others." Her scrupulous approach to her own addressee refuses to subordinate the other to the self's will, and through this revision of "Tintern Abbey," Dorothy Wordsworth vicariously liberates her own self confined in her brother's poems. "Thoughts on My Sick-Bed," which echoes "Tintern Abbey" through borrowed phrases and direct address to William Wordsworth, foregrounds her own poetic identity in the form of the first-person pronoun "I." Dorothy Wordsworth's continual illness during this period of her life paradoxically allows her the time for personal reflection formerly denied to her in her busy life constantly occupied by physical and spiritual labor for others. Instead of earning satisfaction from the subsumption of her creative energy under William Wordsworth's poetical endeavor, Dorothy Wordsworth finally starts to affirm her own poetic identity that can properly express her inner vision and artistic talent. Although this final affirmation remains largely incomplete due to her later mental collapse bordering on madness, it powerfully conveys the hidden literary aspiration of the formerly frustrated female poet.