• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.2 no.6
• /
• pp.612-622
• /
• 2018

In wave-front-sensor-less adaptive optics (WFS-less AO) systems, the Jacopo Antonello (JA) method belongs to the model-based class and requires few iterations to achieve acceptable distortion correction. However, this method needs a lot of measurements, especially when it deals with moderate or severe aberration, which is undesired in free-space optical communication (FSOC). On the contrary, the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm only requires three time measurements in each iteration, and is widely applied in WFS-less AO systems, even though plenty of iterations are necessary. For better and faster compensation, we propose a WFS-less hybrid approach, borrowing from the JA method to compensate for low-order wave front and from the SPGD algorithm to compensate for residual low-order wave front and high-order wave front. The correction results for this proposed method are provided by simulations to show its superior performance, through comparison of both the Strehl ratio and the convergence speed of the WFS-less hybrid approach to those of the JA method and SPGD algorithm.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2024

Optical imaging systems that operate through atmospheric pathways often suffer from image degradation, mainly caused by the distortion of light waves due to turbulence in the atmosphere. Adaptive optics technology can be used to correct the image distortion caused by atmospheric disturbances. However, there are challenges in conducting experiments with strong atmospheric conditions. An optical phase plate (OPP) is a device that can simulate real atmospheric conditions in a lab setting. We suggest a novel two-step process to fabricate an OPP capable of simulating the effects of atmospheric turbulence. The proposed fabrication method simplifies the process by eliminating additional activities such as phase-screen design and phase simulation. This enables an efficient and economical fabrication of the OPP. We conducted our analysis using the statistical fluctuations of the refractive index and applied modal expansion using Kolmogorov's theory. The experiment aims to fabricate an OPP with parameters D/r₀ ≈ 30 and r₀ ≈ 5 cm. The objective is defined with the strong atmospheric conditions. Finally, we have fabricated an OPP that satisfied the desired objectives. The OPP closely simulate turbulence to real atmospheric conditions.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.382-390
• /
• 2024

Laser propagation through atmospheric disturbances is vital for applications such as laser optical communication, satellite laser ranging (SLR), laser guide stars (LGS) for adaptive optics (AO), and laser energy transmission systems. Beam degradation, including energy loss and pointing errors caused by atmospheric turbulence, requires thorough numerical analysis. This paper investigates the impact of laser beam parameters on ground-to-space laser propagation up to an altitude of 100 km using vertical atmospheric disturbance profiles from the Geochang SLR Observatory in South Korea. The analysis is confined to 100 km since sodium LGS forms at this altitude, and beyond this point, beam propagation can be considered free space due to the absence of optical disturbances. Focusing on a 100-watt class laser, this study examines parameters such as laser wavelengths, beam size (diameter), beam jitter, and beam quality (M²). Findings reveal that jitter, with an influence exceeding 70%, is the most critical parameter for long-exposure radius and pointing error. Conversely, M², with an influence over 45%, is most significant for short-exposure radius and scintillation.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2000.02a
• /
• pp.188-189
• /
• 2000

원자력 산업에서는 레이저진동측정기와 같은 원격/비접촉 측정기술이 많이 사용된다. 가동 중인 연구용 원자로의 핵연료 진동측정 같은 경우도 이러한 원격측정기술이 요구되고 있으나, 측정 대상체가 유동하는 유체 안에 있으므로 입사한 레이저의 파면이 변형되어 레이저진동측정기의 적용이 어렵다. 적응광학계(adaptive optics system; 또는 능동광학계)는 유동 층에서 변형된 파면을 파면측정 센서로 측정하고, 변형거울(deformable mirror)등의 파면보정 장치를 사용하여 파면을 보정하는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 Shack-Hartmann 파면측정센서를 개발하고, 변형거울과 파면측정센서를 컴퓨터에 연결하여 레이저 파면의 왜곡상태를 폐회로(closed-loop)로 보정하는 장치를 개발하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2006

We are studying the application of an adaptive optics system to upgrade the beam quality of a laser. The adaptive optics (AO) system consists of a bimorph deformable mirror, a Shack-Hartmann sensor and a control system. In most AO applications, the beam aperture is considered to be circular. However, in some cases such as laser beams from unstable resonators, the beam apertures are annulus or a holed-rectangle. In this paper, we investigate how well a bimorph deformable mirror of ${\Phi}120\;mm$ clear aperture can compensate phase distortions for three different beam configurations; 1) ${\Phi}120\;mm$ circular aperture, 2) ${\Phi}100\;mm$ annulus aperture with a ${\Phi}20\;mm$ hole and 3) $70\;mm{\times}70\;mm$ square aperture with a hole of $30\;mm{\times}30\;mm$. This study concludes that the bimorph mirror, which might be considered as a modal controller, can compensate tilt, defocus, coma and astigmatism, and spherical aberration for all three beams.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2006

Adaptive optics (AO) has been applied in various fields including astronomy, ophthalmology and high power laser systems. An adaptive optics system for a high power laser is not significantly different from other AO systems in the point of configuration except that high energy absorbed by the deformable mirror distorts the deformable mirror surface and so degrades system performance. Currently we are researching a bimorph deformable mirror for beam cleaning of a high power class laser. The bimorph mirror was considered to have 99% reflective coating and 1% absorption. So this paper first presents the temperature profiles and corresponding thermal distortions of the bimorph mirror faceplate when the mirror is under a high power lasing for 10 seconds. The analysis was accomplished by the use of finite difference and finite element computer programs to generate the element arrays, calculate the temperature profiles, and determine the structural deformations. Then this paper proposes an 'embedded wafer' type water-cooling system with derived cooling parameters.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.67.1-67.1
• /
• 2020

Adaptive Optics (AO) is the technology for ground-based telescopes to overcome the interference caused by atmospheric turbulence. We are developing an AO system for the 1-m telescope at Seoul National University Observatory (SNUO). The seeing size of the SNUO is 2 arcseconds on average, and 0.85 arcseconds at best condition. Our system is based on MEMS deformable mirror and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We developed the wavefront sensor using a cheap CMOS camera, and measured phase disturbance at SNUO. To verify the performance of the AO system, we designed an artificial phase disturber that produces similar scale phase error, measured at SNUO. We carried out laboratory tests in which the AO system measures and corrects the wavefront using the phase disturber and an F/6 light source, the same as that of SNUO telescope. The control system was developed in C++. The system performs closed-loop PI correction up to 100 Hz at a consumer-grade PC.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.29 no.spc1
• /
• pp.371-374
• /
• 1996

An updated project status review of the Japan 8m telescope, Subaru, scheduled for its first light in the second quater of 1998 atop Mauna Kea is given.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we presented the development results of high speed wavefront sensor which is used in diagnosing the beam quality of He-Ne laser for adaptive optics system. The beam quality information of laser in AO system is necessarily required for diagnosing the optical components or correcting the distorted wavefront afterward. According to system requirements, normally, it is requested that there are high precision of measurement and real time processing speed. The developed wavefront sensor in this paper achieved maximum 30Hz of measurement rate and ${\lambda}/20(\;{@}\;{\lambda}=0.6328{\mu}m)$ of measurement precision in RMS. We also applied the developed into an experimental adaptive system and verified the performance of it by correcting the aberrated wavefront with a rate of 30Hz and $\lambda$/20 precision using the combination of the developed and PID control algorithm.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.132.2-132.2
• /
• 2011

We are developing Adaptive Optics (AO) system for astronomical use. The He-Ne laser works as an artificial light source. The tip-tilt correction servo is added to our AO system. The tip-tilt term, among the Zernike terms, is the biggest contributor of wavefront deformation caused by atmospheric turbulence at small telescopes. The tip-tilt correction servo consists of a Piezo tip-tilt platform with a mirror, a quadrant photodiode as a tip-tilt sensor, and controllers. The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor measures the residual wavefront errors and they are corrected by the MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) deformable mirror. The MEMS deformable mirror allows the compact size at low cost compare to adaptive secondary mirror and other deformable mirrors. As the frame rates of the MEMS deformable mirror is about tens of kHz, the frame rates of the detector in wavefront sensor is the bottleneck of the wavefront correction speed. For faster performance, we replaced a CCD which provides frame rates only 70 Hz with a CMOS with frame rates up to 450 Hz.