• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.882-887
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• 2008

In this paper, the dependency of energy efficiency on the walking/running pattern and the walking/running period is analyzed though simulations of walk, trot and gallop. A quadruped animal has its own original features in the walking pattern and the walking period for adaptation to the environment. The robot model used in the simulations has three active joints and one passive spring-loaded joint at each leg, which is based on the actual quadruped robot, HUNTER (Hanyang UNiversity TEtrapod Robot), developed in the lab. Also included is the dependency of energy efficiency on the walking period in trot.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.156-165
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an histogram weighted centroid based Siamese region proposal network for object tracking. The original Siamese region proposal network uses two identical artificial neural networks which take two different images as the inputs and decide whether the same object exist in both input images based on a similarity measure. However, as the Siamese network is pre-trained offline, it experiences many difficulties in the adaptation to various online environments. Therefore, in this paper we propose to incorporate the histogram weighted centroid feature into the Siamese network method to enhance the accuracy of the object tracking. The proposed method uses both the histogram information and the weighted centroid location of the top 10 color regions to decide which of the proposed region should become the next predicted object region.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제16권3E호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1997

One fo the major problems in speech recognition is the mismatch between training and testing environments. Recently, SNR normalization technique, which normalizes the dynamic range of frequency channels in mel-scaled filterbank, was proposed[1]. While it showed improved robustness against additive noise, it requires a reliable speech detection mechanism and several adaptation parameters to be optimized. In this paper, we propose a modified SNR normalization technique. In this technique, we take simply the maximum of filterbank output and predetermined masking constant for each frequency band. According to the speaker-independent isolated word recognition in car noise environments, proposed modification yields better recognition performance that the original SNR normalization method, with rather reduced complexity.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.1843-1846
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• 2003

In MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework, Digital Item (DI) is the minimum unit fur processing and delivering the multimedia contents. So how to process, manipulate and represent DI is a very important problem in the standpoint of interoperability for each terminal and provide., and Digital Item Processing (DIP) regarding this issue. This paper suggests technologies which are concerning how DIP should interact with other parts of MPEG-21 (Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), etc.). For this concept, this paper uses the video summary contents which can describe the hierarchical structures of original multimedia contents. In MPEG-21 environment, the usage of this summary video is very useful delivery and consumption way in view of network burden, efficient accessing to contents.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

In this paper we propose a new algorithm which resolves the inconsistency problems occurring when DNS severs are employed as elements of PKI. The inconsistency may take place between primary name servers and secondary name servers and between cached certificate and original certificate. The former can be removed by adapting RFC 1996 NOTIFY opcode for DNS. In order to eliminate the latter type of inconsistency we develope a new algorithm which is implemented with two additional RR(Resource Record). The present algorithm is designed such that DNS contacts the destination DNS prior to returning public key to users. Therefore the inconsistency problem occurring when DNS is operated as PKI can be eliminated by using the proposed adaptation and algorithm.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.830-833
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• 2009

Deblocking Filter (DF) is newly introduced into H.264/AVC to remove blocky artifacts. It improves the picture quality and the improved picture is set to the frame buffer for motion compensation. As a result, higher coding efficiency is achieved by DF. However, if the original image has heavily-slanted patterns, DF removes the edges to be kept because it is applied only perpendicularly to the block boundaries. In this paper, we propose Edge Adaptive Deblocking Filter (EADF) which is applied not only for the perpendicular but also for several slanted directions to deal with the problem. Simulation results showed us that EADF was especially effective for the sequence "Foreman" with PSNR gain of 0.04 dB.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 20-day litter weight on behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) of piglets under stress. Methods: Forty four original litters were categorized as high litter weight (HW) litters (n = 22) and low litter weight (LW) litters (n = 22) by 20-day litter weight. From each original HW litter, three males and three females were randomly selected after weaning and the 12 piglets from two original litters with similar age of days were regrouped into one new high litter weight (NHW) litter (11 NHW litters in total). The original LW litters were treated with a same program, so that there were 11 new low litter weight (NLW) litters as well. The latencies to first fighting, fighting frequencies and duration within three hours were recorded after regrouping and the lesions on body surface within 48 hours were scored. Besides, HR (heart rate, bpm, beats per minute) and activity count (ACT), time domain indexes and frequency domain indexes of the piglets were measured in an isolation trial to analyze the discrepancy in coping with stress between the original HW and LW litters. Results: The results exhibited that piglets from the HW litters launched fighting sooner and got statistically higher skin lesion score than those from the LW litters (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Regarding the HRV detection, compared with the HW litters, the LW litters exhibited a lower mean HR (p<0.05). In the isolation test, a highly significant higher ACT value was observed between the HW litters, compared to the LW litters (p<0.01). Significant differences were observed in standard deviation of R-R intervals, standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals, and most frequency-domain indicators: very low-frequency, low-frequency, and high frequency between the HW and LW litters as well. The difference in LF:HF was not significant (p = 0.779). Conclusion: This study suggests that compared with litters of low 20-day litter weights, litters with higher 20-day litter weight take more positive strategies to cope with stress and have stronger HRV regulation capacity; HW litters demonstrate better anti-stress and adaptation capacity in the case of regrouping and isolation.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2009

本文为执行官提供了他们在处理日常业务问题和市场机会时如何阐述自己思考过程的培训. 本研究建立在Schank提出的教学基础上, 包括: (1)经验学习和最好的指导提供给学习者从诸如全球背景, 团队项目和专家经历等的互动的故事提炼知识和技能的机会. (2) 告诉不会导致学习, 因为在学习需要的行动训练环境中, 应强调积极使用故事, 案例和项目. 每个培训案例包括执行官解释自己的决策系统分析(DSA, 还需要执行官做DSA简报. 在训练时要求执行官写DSA简报. 在执行官学员写书面报告的说明中包括(1) DSA路线图的本质的细节(2) 警告和机会的陈述, 读者的行政地图及图内的DSA解释. 该报告的最大长度为500字, 其规则就是使行政人员培训课程行之有效. 引言之后是第二部分文献综述, 简要地总结了有关人们在对问题和机会的背景下的想法及文献. 第三部分通过使用对不同的贴牌生产客户定价相同的化学产品的培训练习来解释DSA的起源和过程, 第四部分展示一个炼油设备公司订价决策的培训练习. 第五部分提供一个商业客户办公家具采购的市场策略案例. 第六部分是结论和建议. 这些建议是关于使用培训课程和发展其他培训课程来磨练执行官制定决策的能力. 文章引导读者利用工具箱研究综合的报告, (DSA)路线图根据生态合理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 这三个案例的研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. Todd and Gigerenzer 提出人们使用简单启发式,因为他们在自然的决策环境中通过探索信息的结构使适应性行为有可能产生. "简单是一种美德, 而不是诅咒", 有限理性理论强调了西蒙的命题中心, "人类理性的行为仿佛一把剪刀, 其刀片则是任务环境的结构和执行者的计算能力". Gigerenzer的观点和西蒙的环境的危害相关, 也和本文中三个环境结构的案例相关. "环境这个词, 在这里, 并不是指总的物理和生理的环境, 而只是指被给予需要和目标的重要有机体 本文关注了结合任务环境的结构和使用适应的工具箱启发的报告. (DSA)路线图根据生态理性理论将战略与环境相匹配. 渴望适应理论是这一方针的核心. 渴望适应理论将决策制定作为一个没有把目标整合的多目标问题模拟成一个把所有决策选项进行完全的优先顺序化. 这三个案例研究让学习者在意愿层面征求建议来作出决策. 渴望适应用一系列的调整步骤的形式. 一个调整步骤通过仅一个目标变量的变化就可以改变在渴望网格上邻近点当前的渴望水平. 上调步骤是目标变量的提高, 下调步骤是目标变量的下降. 创造和使用渴望适应水平是对有限理性理论的整合. 文章通过提供学习者经验和实践环节增加了意愿采纳和有限合理性的理解和特点. 利用DSA图排列CTSs和撰写TOP可以清晰和深化Selten的观点 "清晰, 意愿采纳必须作为研究的解决方案整合到整个蓝图中". 这些有限理性的研究许可了在现实生活中为什么, 如何作决策的理论和在自然的环境中利用启发式的学习训练两方面的发展. 本文中的练习鼓励根据不同使用目的学习快速而简洁的启发式技巧和原则. 这也正回应了Schank的思想 "从本质上来看, 教育不是让学生们知道发生了什么, 而是让他们感受到所发生的事情. 这不容易做到. 在如今的学校教育是没有情感的, 这是一个很大的问题". 这三个案例和附加的练习问题遵守了Schank的观点. "这种教育过程最好是通过参与他们其中来实现, 也可以这样认为, 精神层面的积极讨论".

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

본 논문은 서로 다른 디스플레이 장치에서 동일한 입력 신호에 대해 일정한 색을 표현하기 위해, 디스플레이 장치의 특성화, 색 순응 모델, 색역 사상 및 확장 기법을 포함하는 색 정합 기술을 제안하였다. DTV 디스플레이 장치에서 일정한 색을 재현하기 위해서는 디스플레이 장치의 입출력 관계를 특성화하여야 하고, 기준 백색점 차이를 고려한 색 순응 모델을 적용하고, 및 각 디스플레이 장치가 표현할 수 있는 색역의 차를 보상하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 채널간의 간섭을 고려하고 모델링의 정확도를 향상하기 위해, 기존 3채널 GOG(gam, offset, gamma) 모델을 향상하여 9개 채널에 독립적인 GOG 모델을 특성화 기법으로 사용하였다. 다음으로 입력 영상은 각 디스플레이 장치의 제한적인 색역을 보상하기 위해 조정되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원 영상의 휘도와 색상을 유지하고 xy 색도도상에서 채도는 향상하기 위한 색역 사상 및 확장 기법이 수행되었다. 상대적으로 인간 시각 특성에 민감한 휘도와 색상값은 입력값과 동일하게 유지하며, 채도 향상은 입력 및 출력 색역의 비율에 따라 변하게 된다. 또한 동영상을 DTV에 나타내기 위해서는 xy 색도도가 장치의 색역 경계 설정과 연산의 복잡도를 감소하기 위해 효과적이다. 결과적으로 제안된 방법을 입력 DTV신호에 대해 LCD 및 PDP 디스플레이 장치에 적용하면 각 장치에 따른 정확한 색 재현이 가능하다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.475-488
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• 2011

Purpose: The aims of the study were to develop and to establish reliability in Korean versions of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(KWHODAS 2.0): 12 item-self(12-self) and 12 item-interviewer(12-interviewer) versions. Methods: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-item versions were developed in idiomatic modern Korean with a process involving independent translation, synthesis of the translations, independent back translation, and review by an expert committee to achieve equivalence with the original English. 88 participants were included in the study. 33 of participants filled the 12-self version twice to examine test-retest reliability and 55 of participants were assessed simultaneously by four interviewers using the 12-interviewer version. Intra-rater reliability was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) and inter-rater reliability was evaluated using both the ICC and k statistic. Results: Test-retest reliability for the 12-self version was excellent with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ value ranged from 0.94(CI 0.88-0.98) to 0.96(CI 0.90-0.98). Inter-rater reliability for the 12-interviewer version showed excellent agreement with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ from 0.94(CI 0.91-0.96) to 1(CI 1.0-1.0). K value was observed from 0.95 to 1. Conclusion: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-self and 12-interviewer versions were successfully translated and both scales showed excellent reliability. It is now suitable for use in clinical and research applications.