• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2013

In pattern recognition field, data classification is an essential process for extracting meaningful information from data. Adaptive boosting algorithm, known as AdaBoost algorithm, is a kind of improved boosting algorithm for applying to real data analysis. It consists of weak classifiers, such as random guessing or random forest, which performance is slightly more than 50% and weights for combining the classifiers. And a strong classifier is created with the weak classifiers and the weights. In this paper, a research is performed using AdaBoost algorithm for detecting chaff echo which has similar characteristics to precipitation echo and interrupts weather forecasting. The entire process for implementing chaff echo classifier starts spatial and temporal clustering based on similarity with weather radar data. With them, learning data set is prepared that separated chaff echo and non-chaff echo, and the AdaBoost classifier is generated as a result. For verifying the classifier, actual chaff echo appearance case is applied, and it is confirmed that the classifier can distinguish chaff echo efficiently.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.530-536
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• 1993

Acidic degreasing agent(ADA) was prepared by blending n-octanoic acid, MJU-100A, Tetronix T-701, POE(6)-2-ethylhexyl ether, Newpol PE-68, sorbitol, and phosphoric acid. The physical properties of ADA tested with aluminum specimen showed the following results; when 3wt% ADA-5 was performed at $70^{\circ}C$, the degreasing rate was 98% which is comparitively good, and the percentage of etching was 0.277% which was found to be less than that of commercialized product. When 20wt% of ADA-5 was added at $65^{\circ}C$, the percentage of derusting was 93% and the good defoaming effect proved by following low foaming power tests respectively : Ross and Miles, and Ross and Clark methods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1997

Modified starches were used as additives to make tomato ketchup, and their effects on the rheological properties, serum separation and sensory characteristics of the tomato ketchup were examined. The magnitudes of the yield stress and the consistency index of the tomato ketchup with the additives, regarded as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid, were found to be in the order of ADA(acetylated distarch adipate)>SA(starch acetate) >HDP(hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate)>RCS(raw corn starch)>NS(no starch). The flow behavior indices of SA added ketchup and HDP added one were nearly constant regardless of the additive concentrations, whereas those of ADA and RCS increased with the additive concentration. In the serum separation test centrifugation, the ADA added ketchup showed the highest stability against separation, being fol-lowed by SA>HDP>RCS>NS. In the sensory evaluation, the magnitudes of the acceptance of the ketchup with the additives were as ADA(2%)>SA(2%)>RCS(2%)>NS>HDP(2%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.669-675
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• 2000

Background: Tuberculous pleurisy is the leading cause of pleural effusion in Korea. And differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy with other cause is clinically very important. Traditional diagnostic methods such as routine analysis of pleural fluid, staining for acid-fast bacilli or pleural biopsy have major inherent limitaion. This study was designed to evaluate the significance of pleural fluid polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in early diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Material and Method: Between March 1996 and July 1997, 198 patients with pleural effusion reviewed retrospectively. The study group included 112 cases with tuberculous effusion and 86 cases with non-tuberculous effusions, whose diagnoses were confirmed by pleural biopsy, microbiological methods, or cytology. We compared the results of PCR and pleural fluid levels of ADA between tuberculous and non-tuberculous effusions. Result: Mean age was 47.54$\pm$19.52 years(range 2 to 85 years). The positive rate of PCR was significantly higher in tuberculous group than non-tuberculous group(p<0.05). The sensitivty, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), and negative predictive value(NPV) for PCR were 31.7, 90.9, 83.0, and 48.8%, respectively. Mean ADA activity was significantly higher in tuberculous group than non-tuberculous group(83.2 U/L vs 49.8 U/L)(p<0.05). With diagnostic thresholds of 40 U/L, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of ADA for tuberculosis were 75.9, 70.9, 77.3, and 69.3% respectively. At a level of 70 U/L, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of ADA for tuberculosis were 70.1, 75.9, 82.9, and 60.3% respectively. Conclusion: PCR is very highly specific, but less sensitive methods in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. But ADA level of pleural fluid has acceptable sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. ADA activity is more useful test in the evaluation of pleural effusions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 1995

The development of selectable markers for transformation has been a major factor in the successful genetic manipulation of plant. We established a new selectable marker system for tobacco transformation using chimeric adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene, which confers resistance to cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 9-$\beta$-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine(Ara-A) and cordycepin. The transformants with the chimeric ADA gene in tobacco grew in the presence of normally lethal level of cytotoxic adenosine analogues, 100 $\mu$M Ara-A and 50 $\mu$M cordycepin. We successfully distinguished transformed shoot from non-transformed shoot on the same selectable media with cytotoxic adenosine analogues. In this selectable media, we were able to select seeds with/ without ADA gene from transgenic tobacco seeds. Theses results show that the mammalian ADA gene may serve as a new selectable marker for tobacco transformation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.46.2-46.2
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• 2009

탑재소프트웨어는 위성의 자세, 전력, 열 제어를 담당하는 소프트웨어로서 위성의 탑재컴퓨터 상에서 실행된다. 탑재소프트웨어는 추력기, 배터리, 온도조절장치와 같은 위성의 하드웨어 장치를 자치적으로 관리한다. 지상에서 위성을 운영할 수 있도록 탑재소프트웨어는 지상으로부터 명령을 받아서 처리하고, 위성의 텔레메트리 데이터를 지상으로 전송한다. 위성의 탑재소프트웨어를 프로그래밍하기 위하여 C 언어와 ADA 언어가 주로 사용된다. 이 논문에서는 소프트웨어 디자인과 하위레벨 프로그래밍 관점에서 C 언어와 ADA 언어를 비교 분석한다. 프로그래밍언어는 소프트웨어 디자인과 불가분의 관계에 있다. 이 논문은 프로그래밍언어와 함께 다목적실용위성과 통신해양기상위성의 소프트웨어 디자인을 소개한다. 다목적실용위성의 탑재소프트웨어는 절차 지향언어인 C로 작성되었으며, 함수 호출을 기반으로 설계되었다. 통신해양기상위성의 경우, 객체지향언어인 ADA로 작성되었으며, HOOD(Hierarchical Object-Oriented Design) 기법에 따라 모델링되었다. 탑재소프트웨어 프로그래밍언어는 위성의 탑재 하드웨어와 직접적으로 상호작용하도록 요구된다. 이 논문은 C와 ADA 언어가 메모리주소 및 로우 스토리지를 다루는 방법을 보여준다.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.56-74
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• 1990

Programming-in-the-Large refers to software development environment and includes the organization and representation of a system structure, module decomposition, component dependence analysis, seperate compilation, subsystem and composition identification. The most intricate problem in this environment is the mastery of the structural complexity of large software systems. Ada programming language is tailored to the needs for building of large, integrated software systems from many program units. The visibility graph generating model presented in this paper transforms Ada source program into a visibility graph with nodes for program units and edges for visibility relations among program units. The system description in terms of program units and their visibility relations produced by this model can be utilized for some apects of Programming-in-the-Large environment and also assists designeers, programmers, integrators and maintainers in defining, understanding and exploring the structure of evolving software systems. The model designed and implemented in Ada programming language runs on PCs and will remain useful both in practice and as experimental tool.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1018-1022
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• 1996

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been utilized as the label in devising a potentiometric homogeneous assay for riboflavin and riboflavin binding protein (RBP). The proposed homogeneous assay method employs an ADA-biotin conjugate as the signal generator and an avidin-riboflavin conjugate as the signal modulator in the solution phase. The catalytic activity of the ADA-biotin conjugate is inhibited in the presence of an excess amount of the avidin-riboflavin conjugate, and the observed inhibition is reversed in an amount proportional to the concentration of RBP added. When the analyte riboflavin is added to this mixture of ADA-biotin, avidin-riboflavin and RBP, the activity of the enzyme conjugate is re-inhibited in an amount proportional to the concentration of riboflavin. Since the enzyme label used in this system is ADA, an ammonia-producing enzyme, a potentiometric rather than photometric detection scheme is used to monitor the enzymatic activity in the assay.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2011

We propose a multi-class AdaBoost algorithm for en efficient classification of multi-class data in this paper. Traditional AdaBoost algorithm is basically a binary classifier and it has limitations when applied to multi-class data problems even though multi-class versions are available. In order to overcome the problems on the AdaBoost algorithm for multi-class classification problems, we devise an AdaBoost architecture with a training algorithm that utilizes multi-class classifiers for its weak classifiers instead of series of binary classifiers. Experiments on a image classification problem using collected Caltech Image Database are preformed. The results show that the proposed AdaBoost architecture can reduce its training time while maintaining its classification accuracy competitive when compared to Adaboost.M2.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2024

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) are often difficult to differentiate owing to the overlapping clinical features. Observational studies demonstrate that the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase (LDH/ADA) is lower in TPE compared to PPE, but integrated analysis is warranted. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the LDH/ADA ratio in differentiating TPE and PPE. We explored the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies evaluating the LDH/ADA ratio in differentiating TPE and PPE. Results: From a yield of 110 studies, five were included for systematic review. The cutoff value for the LDH/ADA ratio in TPE ranged from <14.2 to <25. The studies demonstrated high heterogeneity, precluding meta-analysis. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Tool 2 assessment revealed a high risk of bias in terms of patient selection and index test. Conclusion: LDH/ADA ratio is a potentially useful parameter to differentiate between TPE and PPE. Based on the limited data, we recommend an LDH/ADA ratio cutoff value of <15 in differentiating TPE and PPE. However, more rigorous studies are needed to further validate this recommendation.