• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2005

Background : Over the last thirty years, majority of researches on clinical effectiveness of acupuncture have been explanatory (or experimental) randomized controlled trial. The benefits of acupuncture in clinical trials are still controversial and most studies concluded that further control studies were required. Standardized combinations of acupuncture points for all the experimental subjects in various past studies have been criticized because such treatments do not reflect current routine clinical treatment. Objective : This paper aims to review pragmatic clinical trials on the effect of acupuncture treatment and to develop the ideal clinical research methodology of acupuncture study. Method : Clinical studies of acupuncture relevant with pragmatic or individualized trials were searched mainly in Pubmed and Science direct databases. All articles were fully reviewed by researchers, and data were evaluated by usage of a standardized form. Results & Suggestion : Pragmatic acupuncture researches were tried for various symptoms (eg. low back pain, hypertension, depression during pregnancy, sleep quality in HIV disease, chronic poststroke leg spasticity, headache, etc). Individualized acupuncture treatments based on oriental disease pattern diagnosis reflexes practical treatments which is more effective than unified and fixed acupuncture treatments without any theoretical basis of oriental medical philosophy. Conclusion : To overcome the controversies and limitations of past explanatory acupuncture trials, more individualized and tailored acupuncture trials with the theoretical basis of oriental medical diagnosis is highly recommended. Also clear definition and categorization of pattern identification should be established for further active clinical researches and applications of acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.24-41
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• 2003

Objective: Dopamine activity in thenucleus accumbens is an important neuropharmacological component of morphine reinforcement. In this nucleus a shell and core have been distinguished on the basis of anatomical and neurochemical criteria. Although acupuncture has been standard intervention in many detoxication programs worldwide, the central mechanism by which morphine acts to reinforce behavior remain elusive. The present in vivo microdialysis study was conducted, in freely moving rats, to detect the effects of acupuncture on extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received acupuncture for 1 min after injection of morphine hydrochloride (5mg/kg, s.c.). The employed acupuncture needle points corresponded to bilateral Neiguan(PC6) on the pericardium channel, which has been used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. Extracellular dopamine and its metabolites were measured every 20 mins for 3 hrs following the subcutaneous morphine injection. Results: Results showed that acupuncture at PC6 significantly attenuated increases in dopamine levels induced by a single acute morphine injection in the nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. Conclusions: These results provided strong evidence for acupuncture-mediated reduction in morphine-induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of SAAM-Acupuncture and GamigungguitangGaNokyong(GMGGTN) on Ankle Fracture. Methods : SAAM-Acupuncture was administered once daily. The following points were selected: $SP_3$(太白), $LU_9$(太淵), $LI_{11}$(曲池). After short leg casting, GMGGTN was taken 3 times per a day from March 28th to April 30th. We evaluated the patient using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Ankle Range of Motion(ROM). Results : After about 3 weeks of treatment, the patient's short leg cast was removed a week earlier than expected and the patient could walk without crutches and physical therapy. Their VAS changed from 10 to 1. And after added treatment for 2 weeks, there was no pain and limitation of ROM. Conclusions : According to the results, SAAM-Acupuncture and GMGGTN may have rapid effects on ankle fractures. But further studies are required to confirm this effect.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

The acupuncture procedures in Hwangjenaekyung (黃帝內經) was different to modern ones in many aspects. Especially, the role of pulse diagnosis in acupuncture was totally different and the pulse diagnosis was essential part in acupuncture therapy in Hwangjenaekyung era. We found four noteworthy features on the pulse diagnosis before and after acupuncture in Hwangjenaekyung : (1) Pulse diagnosis was a mandatory process in acupuncture (2) Doctors who used pulse diagnosis in 12 meridians (十二經脈遍診脈法), pulse diagnosis in 9 points of 3 body parts (三部九候脈法), and comparative pulse diagnosis between radial artery and carotid artery (人迎寸口對比脈法) followed the former rule ((1)). (3) The major pulse features to detect before and after acupuncture were conversion between the vacuous pulse (虛脈) and the replete pulse (實脈), and conversion between slippery pulse (滑脈) and rough pulse (澁脈). (4) Deukki (得氣, Deqi) was synonym of Kiji (氣至), and it referred to the changes of arterial pulse, not the sensation followed by acupuncture manipulation.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su (B18) and Ki-mun (Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical observation. The following results were obstained : 1. At 6 hours, cell organelles induced by radix aconiti toxicity prominently destructed in control and aqua-acupuncture treatment groups. 2. At 12 hours, cell organelles, destruction was some similarities between control group and aqua-acupuncture treatment group. 3. At 24 hours, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex comparatively developed in aqua-acupuncture group treatment as compared with control group. 4. At 48 hours, cell organelles, destruction was recovered in aqua-acupuncture treatment group as compared with the control group and it was similiar normal findings. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to collect and analyze studies on acupuncture therapies for treatment of voiding difficulty in stroke patients and to suggest methods of study for acupuncture therapies. Methods: Electronic searches were performed on search sites including NDSL, 국회도서관, RISS4U, DBPIA, KISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, 한국전통지식포탈, OASIS, Pubmed, CNKI, using the search words ‘중풍’, ‘뇌졸중’, ‘stroke’, ‘배뇨장애’, ‘voiding’, ‘urinary’, ‘incontinence’, ‘retention’, ‘ ’, ‘침치료’, and ‘acupuncture’ as single or combined keywords, from January 1990 to August 2013 with language limitation, Korean, English, Chinese. Also, quality of the studies were evaluated using Jadad score. Results: The searches identified 16 studies for selection and analysis. In the present study, voiding difficulty includes urinary incontinence and urinary retention. The acupuncture points CV4, SP6, and CV3 were the most frequently used. Treatments were most frequently applied daily. The times and terms of acupuncture treatment, were most frequently 30 minutes per treatment for 4 weeks Conclusions: The acupuncture therapies were effective in the treatment of voiding difficulty in stroke patients, but the study of acupuncture therapy as a treatment for this issue in stroke patients needs to be standardized and high-quality study models should be introduced.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2001

The following results were obtained. 1. The Urticaria is similar to the korean medical name of yeun-jin, yum-leu, pung-jin-geu(風疹槐), Pung-sa, Pung-so-yeunjin. 2. The most part of the causes that induce Urticaria are like that, the sup-yeul(濕熱) that caused by the sa-gi(邪氣)'s invasion, food and behavior's fault, is gathering in the gastrointestinal tract. 3. The symptomes are like that, the severe pruritic blisters are spread on the whole body, and the color of the blisters is red or white, and nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, chest discomfort are induced with the Urticaria. 4. The Su-Chok yangmyong Kyong(手 足陽明經), Chok taeum Kyong(足太陰經) and Chok taeyang Kyong(足太陽經) are used for the acupuncture therapy of Urticaria. 5. The acupuncture points of the Kokchi(曲池), Hyolhae(血海), Chok-Samni(足三里), Samumgyo(三陰交), Hapkok(合谷) are used for the acupuncture therapy of Urticaria. 6. the Pye-area(肺區), Shinmun(神門), dammajin-area(蕁麻疹區), Shinsangsun(腎上腺), Chimbu(枕部) are used for the acupuncture therapy of Urticaria in the ear-acupuncture therapy of Urticaria.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

Backgrounds and Purpose: Hypertension is a common origin for stroke, heart disease, etc. Clinical management is needed to prevent these diseases. It has been said that auricular acupuncture treatment can be used for the control of hypertension. In this study, we studied the effects of auricular acupuncture on mild hypertension. Materials and Methods: Clinical study was performed on 22 stroke patients who didn't take the antihypertensive drugs. They were admitted in Kyunghee University, Hospital of Oriental Medicine. We checked patients' 24-hour blood pressure by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor and did auricular acupuncture treatment for one day and rechecked blood pressure for 24-hours. We compared the blood pressure between, before, and after auricular acupuncture treatment by Wilcoxon test. The acupuncture points were KOHYOLABJUM, NAEBUNBI, SHINMUN, SHIM, KANGABJUM. They were all on the auricular. Results: After auricular acupuncture treatment, systolic and diastolic hypertension decreased significantly(p<0.05), but heart rates didn't change significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that Auricular acupuncture treatment may be used for antihypertensive purpose. About the efficacy and safety, further study is needed.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the trends of acupuncture treatment on lateral epicondylitis. Methods : We investigated the recent clinical studies of acupuncture treatment for lateral epicondylitis via searching PubMed from 2007.1.1. to 2016.1.1. This study examined published years, the authors, journals, countries, types of study and classified articles by techniques of acupuncture. Results : 20 theses out of 38 were included, excluding papers duplicated or whose texts are not identified or not satisfying both acupuncture and lateral epicondylitis simultaneously. The theses were constantly published every year. Analyzed by journal, the most published journal was Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. The studies of China had the greatest number of the searched theses. The types of study were reviews, case series, and study protocol. The acupuncture technique used were Hwachim(burning acupuncture therapy), sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture, percutaneous needle electrolysis, electroacupuncture, small needle-knife, combination with local points and Tianzong(SI11), and anti-ashi-point. Conclusions : In order to develop acupuncture treatment of lateral epicondylitis, clinical studies on high level with objective evaluation scale are needed.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 1999

Background: The vasoreactivity of cerebral artery is currently the subject of increasing interest Transcranial Doppler The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture in a model of neuropathic pain produced by segmental spinal nerve injury (SSI) in rats. The left L5 and L6 spinal nerves of Sprague-Dawley rats were tightly ligated, and one week later, manual or electro-acupuncture was applied for 30 minutes to the contralateral hindlimb (right side) while the animal was lightly anesthetized with halothane. The mechanical threshold of the paw for ipsilateral (left side) hind limb flinching was determined prior to and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours after termination of acupuncture. The mechanical threshold for flinching was significantly elevated for about 4 hours after manual acupuncture applied to the BL. 60 (Kunlun) point or electro-acupuncture to the BL. 60 and BL. 40 (Weizhong) points. However, manual acupuncture applied to the ST. 36 (Zusanli) point was not effective. Furthermore, systemic naloxone pretreatment had no effect on the acupuncture induced threshold elevation. These data suggests that acupuncture produces a point specific, naloxone independent analgesia in a rat neuropathic pain model. ※ This paper is supported by a grant from the '1996 Jusan Foundation of Wonkwang university.)