• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.205-215
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• 2006

Purpose : To identify factors related to the severity and frequency of hot flush of postmenopausal women who participated in a clinical trial. Methods : A cross-section study of 34 postmenopausal women between 40 and 60 years of age was done. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to evaluate the hot flush degree. Statistical analysis was performed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results : Hot flush VAS was proportional to the percent body fat with 1.467 regression coefficient (p-value= 0.010). It implies that the symptom of hot flush becomes worse as the percent body fat increases. Some hormones also have effects on hot flush. We found that LH might cause increment of hot flush VAS(i.e., the corresponding regression coefficient is 0.912). Sasang constitution was not relevant to the hot flush degree. Hot flush VAS seemed to increase as the vascular aging degree by SA-2000 getting worse, but it was not statistically significant (p-value= 0.594). Conclusion : This study is a part of a prospective clinical trial. For more accurate result, larger-scale cross-section study or clinical trial are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.961-974
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• 1997

The ZZimzilbang is a room where many women eagerly go due to the special meaning women give to it related to their health. It is a different type of sauna room which maintains low degree of temperature, consisting of an Ondol room(Korean under-floor heating system, hypocaust) built with mineral stone radiating ultrared rays. Even though many women mention that they utilize it for health, there is no precise evidence of the effects on their health. This ethnographic study sought to define the phenomenon from the perspective of the women who experienced the ZZimzilbang. A convenience sample of 27 women was interviewed during a 15 month period from December 1995 to July 1997 in 12 ZZimzilbangs located in Seoul, Korea. The mean ages of the women 57.3 years ; seventeen women were housekeeper and only eight women had job : twenty women were married and three women among them were widows. The main reasons women patronize the place are : for mitigation and healing of physical signs and symptoms : composure ; safe lodging and boarding : control of outward appearance : control of health ; meeting and fellowship with friends : and custom. The outcomes of the utilization of the place were : mitigation of physical signs and symptoms : psychological tranquility : cosmetic and diet ; good use of spare time : and utilization of services provided there. Most women who visited ZZimzilbang for relief of physical signs and symptoms strongly mentioned a correlation to inadequate Sanhujori, the traditional postpartal and postabortal care for woman. Some of specific kinds of services provided in that place were alternative therapy such as acupuncture, negative cupping, finger-pressure, mugwort steam and various kinds of massage including massage of blood vessels that are influenced by Oriental medicine ; health education of breathing such as abdominal breathing or Danjeon(단전호흡) : and selling of many things including health foods, drugs for osteoporosis, and eutrophics. This study suggests that professional caregivers should further study this phenomenon for the development of adequate care of women with a resulting important in their quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to review case studies on interventions of Korean medicine for hip pain. Methods We searched seven electronic databases for relevant studies up to Oct 2016. Case studies of Korean medicine interventions for hip pain were included and analysed. Results 15 case studies were included (Korean databases; n=15) and Total number of patients was 17 cases. A total of 13 types of interventions were reported, of which acupuncture (93.3%), herbal medicine (80.0%) and pharmacopuncture (40.0%) were the most frequently used. GB30 (66.7%), LR3 (41.7%), BL36 (33.3%) and ST31 (33.3%) were used in at least 4 papers. Cheongpa-jeon (25.0%) and symptom change (46.7%) were most frequently used in herbal medicine and outcome measure respectively. Conclusions Clinical studies, especially double-blinded randomized controlled trials, of Korean medicine interventions for hip pain must be conducted to obtain definite conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find a relation between hospitalization time and the overall outcome of treatment, and suggest an optimal hospitalization date. Methods We analyzed the medical records of patients who received admission treatment at Mokhuri Neck and Back Hospital in April, 2018. Results By analyzing the difference in visual analog scale (VAS) scores according to the hospitalization date, it was shown in this study that when hospitalization was held out by the fourth day of accident there was a significant difference in the improvement of symptoms than any other day. There were no statistically significant differences in initial VAS scores and admission periods. Conclusions It is the most effective for a traffic accident patient to receive hospitalization within the first four days of accident for the most effective reduction in overall pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

Ischemia that causes stroke induces inflammation of brain cells and apoptosis and as a result, it influences much on the functional part of a man. The needle electrode electrical stimulation (NEES) that combines acupuncture of oriental medicine with electric therapy of western medicine relieves inflammation of cells and has effect on regrowth of nerve tissues. This study was conducted to verify the influence of NEES on the occurrence of c-Fos of cerebrum after applying NEES to the meridian point, Zusanli (ST 36) of a rats with induced ischemia. Global ischemia was induced by using ligation method on common carotid artery of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The ligation was maintained for 5 minutes and then suture was removed for blood reperfusion. After inducing global ischemia, NEES was done to the left and right meridian points of Joksamri of a rat for 30 minutes after 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The findings were as follows. 1. In the result of immunohistochemical method, the number of c-Fos immune response cells significantly decreased (P<.05) in NEES group than the control group (GI) that did not get NEES. 2. In the result of western blotting, the occurrence of c-Fos after 24 hours from the inducement of ischemia significantly decreased (P<.05) in NEES group than the control group (GI) that did not get NEES. Therefore, as the effect of NEES was shown highest after 24 hours from the ischemia, it is suspected that NEES would take important role in early treatment after cerebral stroke.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.83-99
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• 2004

Objectives : Daeganghwal-Tang(DGHT) is one of the prescriptions used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in oriental medicine. The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of DGHT on a rat model of CFA-induced arthritis, and the relations between DGHT-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS. Methods : CFA-induced arthritis model used to test the effect of DGHT was chronic pain model. After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 18 days. the reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee. DGHT dissolved in water was orally administrated. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 hours. Results : DGHT produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 2 hours. DGHT produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by DGHT administration. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that DGHT produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and 2) that DGHT-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Objectives : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea(合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians(WSBTM) will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials of 13 patients with Arthroncus of Knee(슬안풍<膝眼風>, AK), to find out the characteristic of meridian system in patients with AK. Methods : Electric potentials of well and sea points in the meridians in twenty one patients with the pain in the lion diagnosed as AK were repeatedly measured by physiograph(PowerLab). Measurements of those electric potentials were analyzed by factor analysis. Results : Their electric potentials at the left and right side were factors which are different from each side. In the left side, Factor 1 included Small Intestine, Pericardium, Spleen, Kidney meridian, and Factor 2 included Heart, Tripple Energizer, Bladder, Liver meridian. Factor 3 included Large Intestine, Stomach, Gall bladder meridian, and Factor 4 included Lung meridian. In the right side, Factor 1 included Heart, Pericardium, Tripple Energizer, Spleen, Bladder meridian and Factor 2 included Lung, Liver, Gall bladder meridian. Factor 3 included Small Intestine, Stomach, Kidney meridian and Factor 4 included Large Intestine Meridian. Conclusions : The electric potentials of AK differ from those of normal bodies as well as of bodies with other diseases-shoulder lesions, waist lesions, Lumbago due to Strain and Contusion-. Thus electric potentials of well and sea points might be the representative meridian to show their characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.102-113
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• 2016

Objectives : This study is aimed at developing and discussing the prediction model of blood stasis pattern of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) using machine learning algorithms: multiple logistic regression and decision tree model. Methods : First, we reviewed the blood stasis(BS) questionnaires of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese version to make a integrated BS questionnaire of patient-reported outcomes. Through a human subject research, patients-reported BS symptoms data were acquired. Next, experts decisions of 5 Korean medicine doctor were also acquired, and supervised learning models were developed using multiple logistic regression and decision tree. Results : Integrated BS questionnaire with 24 items was developed. Multiple logistic regression models with accuracy of 0.92(male) and 0.95(female) validated by 10-folds cross-validation were constructed. By decision tree modeling methods, male model with 8 decision node and female model with 6 decision node were made. In the both models, symptoms of 'recent physical trauma', 'chest pain', 'numbness', and 'menstrual disorder(female only)' were considered as important factors. Conclusions : Because machine learning, especially supervised learning, can reveal and suggest important or essential factors among the very various symptoms making up a pattern identification, it can be a very useful tool in researching diagnostics of TKM. With a proper patient-reported outcomes or well-structured database, it can also be applied to a pre-screening solutions of healthcare system in Mibyoung stage.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2016

Objectives : Recently, people who have normal brachial blood pressure(BP) are being threatened by high-risk disease such as stroke. The aim of this study is to suggest that new method to assess systemic circulation. It can be performed by analyzing optimal blood pulse wave on 3 sites belonging to subjects that have normal BP. Methods : We respectively extracted main peaks(h1) of optimal blood pulse wave on left/right temporal artery(LR1=h1), radial artery(LR2=h1) and dorsalis pedis artery(LR3=h1). We obtained h1 from 30 subjects who are discreetly chosen and have normal BP. Main peak(h1) can be extracted by using 3D pulse imaging analyser(DMP-1000+, DAEYOMEDI Co., Korea) that has 5-level pressure method. We analyzed the ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2]. Results : In the case of male group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.7100.177] and [LR3/LR2=0.9290.317]. In the case of female group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.6680.121] and [LR3/LR2=0.7050.195]. Especially, it is statistically verified that the result of ratio [LR3/LR2] is much higher in male group than in female group(p<0.05). Conclusions : We suggested the standard ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2] for normal subjects, respectively. It can be adopted as a new method to evaluate the systemic circulation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was purposed to investigate the possibility of traction therapy as treatment method of scoliosis, of which occurrence rate was increasing with teenagers in Korea. Methods : 63 literatures, history, classification, and effectiveness of traction therapy were reviewed and the occurrences rate of scoliosis with teenagers in Korea was investigated. Results : Traction therapy as a treatment method on scoliosis, was originally developed by Hippocrates(460~385 BC), based on the historical record. Traction therapy is classified according to the tools engaged, the postures, the traction methods, and the areas for traction. The opinions on the effect of traction as treatment method were different depending on whether it is in Korea or outside of the country. Within the country, 75% of reports were positive on the effects of traction therapy, while outside of the country, about 74% of reports were negative. On the other hand, the occurrence rates of scoliosis with teenagers in Korea were increasing from 1.46%(1977) to 11.08%(2008). Conclusions : Unfortunately the effects of traction therapy on scoliosis were unclear but it seems to be different in the effects of manipulative therapy and mechanical or apparatus traction therapy. Systematic studies on traction therapy are needed, because of the increasing rate of scoliosis in Korea with teenagers.