• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 경락의 실체를 객관화하기 위한 방법으로서, 경락과 비경락을 음향 자극하고 인체의 임피던스 변화를 분석하였으며, 인체 에너지에 대한 고전 동양의학 이론인 경락순행통로 학설의 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 경락지하수 학설을 제안하였다. 현대의학의 주장과 같이 경락은 그 존재를 증명할 만한 채널이나 파이프 형태의 해부학적 실체를 가지고 있지 않다. 그러나 생체에너지는 인체 안에서 관상구조없이 지하를 흐르는 지하수 흐름과 유사하게 경락을 따라 흐른다. 이러한 모델의 반응특성을 확인하기 위하여, 인체의 경락을 지하수가 흐르는 관로로 보고 지하수를 탐지하는 산업용 음향탐사기법을 적용하기 위하여, 피부와 청각을 구분하여 음향자극하고 경혈과 대조적인 비경혈에서의 인체 임피던스 반응을 분석하였다. 특히 자극 음향과 12경락과의 주파수 상관성을 추출하기 위하여, 5개의 특정 음으로 자극하고 측정전류의 평균치와 변화율을 처리하였다. 분석결과 전류 변화율은 족궐음간경(宮), 수소음심경(商) 30.6%, 족소음신경(角) 33.1%, 족태음비경(徵) 33.9%, 수태음폐경(羽) 30.7%로 대조점과 구별되는 특성을 가지고 있어서, 경락은 비경락과 구별되는 채널 특성을 나타내고 있으며 5개 경락은 5개의 특정 음과 상관성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2015

Purpose: Bell's palsy is a nerve paralysis disease that causes functional impairments and affects psychological and aesthetical parts. This study aimed to examine whether acupressure massage had positive effects on facial paralysis, subjective symptoms, and depression in Bell's palsy patients. Methods: This study was conducted by a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 60 patients with Bell's palsy. 30 patients were assigned to the experimental group and the remaining 30 patients were assigned to the control group. The period of the study was from October 1, 2008 to July 30, 2009. Acupressure massage was offered to the experimental group for 20 minutes per day for two weeks (a total of six times). A SPSS/Win 12.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: A difference in Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI) between affected and unaffected sides was less in the experimental group having acupressure massage than in the control group and the score of the recovery of facial paralysis was also increased in the experimental group. The Facial Nerve Grade Systems by Brackmann score that is a more objective index showed a significant difference between two groups (F=26.81, p<.001). Subjective symptom and depression scores were more decreased in the acupressure massage group than in the control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is considered that acupressure massage can be applied to Bell's palsy patients as an alternative therapy. It can be used as an evidence-based East-West nursing intervention to improve patients' physical and mental functions.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the pain relief effect of moxibustion therapy in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS). Methods : A male with type I CRPS, 48-year-old, who suffered from severe pain and paresthesia on his legs despite of treatments of oral medications and spinal cord stimulation was treated by indirect moxibustion following Korean medicine dianosis. Total 20 moxibustion treatments(once daily, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks) were given on the 4 acupoints(both side) where known to be effective fro the CRPS. Visual analogue scale(VAS), digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), Beck depression index(BDI) were evaluated before and after the treatments. Pain relief, thermal changes on affected legs, and improvement of depression scale were observed after the treatments. Results : As for DITI, right thigh showed low temperature compared with left on before the treatments. While after the treatments, DITI showed similar temperature in both legs at discharge day. Conclusions : Though it is a case report, moxibustion therapy might have pain relief effect. Further rigorous case series and controlled trials are warranted.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of stimulation on different sites of the body on MBP(mean blood pressure) and HR(heart rate). Methods : Six healthy men have participated in this study. Before and after 10 min, exercise on a running machine of l0km/hr, acupressure, plain acupuncture and electroacupuncture(50Hz) stimulation was practiced on GV20, LI4, ST36, BL40 and non-acupoints on T4 and T10 respectively for 20 min. and in a control group without any treatment. The changes of MBP and HR after exercise have been observed for 20 min. at 5 minute intervals. Results : Compared with control, no significant difference was observed in research of the blood pressure measurement regardless of methods nor sites of stimulation. But there were trends of reduction in the heart rates in all experimental groups. Especially, in the group of acupressure on T10 before exercise, GV20, T10 after exercise and electroacupuncture on GV20, LI4, BL40 after exercise there was statistically significant decreases in heart rates. Conclusion : From the present experiment, it is concluded that somatic stimulation has effect on the heart rates but not on the blood pressures, and the presence of effective sites on the decreases of heart rates suggest that this effect may depend on sites of stimulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2002

By process of trearment for case diagnosed as Oral Dyskinesia and admitted from the 3lth, July, 2001 to the 1st, September, 2001, the results are as follows. Method and Results : This patient was diagnosed as Oral Dyskinesia of Shaoyang disease with interior syndrome that was based by disorder of hepatic qi, medicated shihogayonggolmoreutang(shihujiayonggumolie-tang), gamisoyo-san(jiaweishaoyao-san) and acupun - cturetherapy was taken on proximal and disital acupoints including Yingu(B10, 陰谷), Zulingyi(G41, 足臨泣), Jianshi(P5, 間使), Shenmen(H6, 神門), Sanyinjiao(Sp6, 三陰交), Yi - ntang(Extra point, 印堂), Lianquan(CV23, 康泉), Qihai(CV6, 氣海) and Danhange(Damhangyuk, 膽寒格), Ganjeongge(ganjeonggyuk, 肝正格), Pizhengge(Bijeonggyuk, 脾正格) of Shayen - zhenfa(Shayamchimbeop, 舍岩鍼法). Conclusion : I consider that psychosomatic tremer disease including Oral Dyskinesia can improved by Oriental medical treatment and continuous research must be accumulated subsequently.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to discover the difference in stimulation effect when the volume and insertion method of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture was varied. Methods : 48 healthy people were randomly injected with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 cc of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture, perpendicularly or transversely at acupoints $LI_9$ and $LI_{10}$. The subjects noted their level of stimulation on a 100 mm visual analog scale(VAS) immediately after, 3 minutes after, and 5 minutes after the treatment. Results : There was no significant statistical difference in the stimulation strength between perpendicular injection and transverse injection pharmacopuncture. There was significant statistical difference in the stimulation strength when the volume of pharmacopuncture was varied. As the volume of pharmacopuncture increased from 0.1 cc to 0.3 cc, and to 0.5 cc, the stimulation strength increased as well. Conclusions : We found that volume of pharmacopuncture may be a controlling element for mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture. Additional study is needed for pharmacopuncture's stimulation adjusting factors.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on a patient suffering from CRPS Type 1. Methods : A 30-year-old female patient suffering from CRPS Type 1 with symptoms of intense burning pain, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, rapid hair and nail growth, allodynia, hyperalgesia and coldness of the right leg was treated with acupuncture on six acupuncture points on the leg from 13 July to 18 July of 2011. Improvement of the patient's symptoms was evaluated by Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Digital Infrared Thermographic Image(DITI). Results : After 6 days of treatment, NRS score decreased significantly and the DITI results showed moderate improvement in temperature. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture may be an effective in reducing the symptoms of CRPS. Further study is needed to evaluate the significancy of this report.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2006

Objectives : The present study was investigated the effect and pathway of heterotopic electroacupuncture (EA) on pain induced by formalin in rats. Methods : Acupoints in the right forepaws, $HT_7$ and $PC_7$, were stimulated with 3 mA, 2 ms, and 10 Hz before subcutaneously formalin injection (5%, $50{\mu}l$) to the left hind paw. Moreover, it was investigated whether the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF), as known to the descending inhibition, mediates analgesia of the heterotopic EA, and an administration of naltrexone blocks the effect of EA. Results : In the immunohistochemistry of cFos-like protein (cFL), there were inhibitory effects of EA on the increased expression of cFL in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons following formalin injection. Especially, EA inhibited the expression of cFL on the superficial laminae than that on the deep laminae at 1 hr after, but that on the deep laminae than that on the superficial laminae at 2 hr after. Also, EA suppressed the increased expression of nitric oxide (NO) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the lumbosacral spinal cord after formalin injection, but not Sham-EA. Suppressed expressions of cFL, NO and nNOS in the spinal cord were eliminated after transection of the ipsilateral DLF at $T_{10}{\sim}T_{11}$ levels. However, pretreatment of naltrexone could not prevent the suppressive expressions of cFL, NO and nNOS at the spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that the analgesia of heterotopic EA may be modulated through the DLF constituting the descending inhibition.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2011

Bee venom acupuncture (BVA), as a kind of herbal acupuncture, involved injecting diluted bee venom into acupoints and is used for pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. BVA is growing in popularity, especially in Korea, and is used primarily for pain relief in many kinds of diseases. However, the effect of bee venom anti-inflammatory related action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chondrocyte stress have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bee venom of cell viability and inflammatory cytokine in rat articular chondrocyte cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation was induced in rat chondrocytes by treatment with $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ LPS. The change of cell viability were decreased in chondrocytes after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. The cell viability revealed that BV exerted no significant cytotoxicity in the rat chondrocyte. Bee venom inhibited decreased cell viability in the presence of lipopolysaccharide ($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) in a dose dependent manner(0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and $5.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) at bee venom(p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production in the presence of lipopolysaccharide($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was also inhibited in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05 from bee venom $0.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Interleukin (IL)-6 production in the presence of lipopolysaccharide ($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was inhibited as well (p<0.05 at bee venom 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and $5.0{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively). Our results demonstrate that bee venom was a anti-inflammatory agent of chondrocytes. Bee venom may exert its anti inflammatory effects through inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 synthesis, and may then pain relief and reduce the articular destruction.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically explore the effects and safety of acupuncture treatment for upper extremity peripheral nerve injury and to review the methodology of clinical trials. Methods We searched 9 electronic databases(3 international, 1 Chinese, 5 Korean) including English, Korean and Chinese, up to December 2017 for randomized controlled trials which evaluated the effects of the acupuncture in patients with upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. We abstracted the designs of the randomized clinical trials and the method of acupuncture treatment according to the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture(STRICTA). Results A total of 8 papers were reviewed. All randomized clinical trials were conducted in China. Of them, five studies(62.5%) were electro-acupuncture as intervention. All randomized clinical trials reported favorable effects of acupuncture treatments compared to baseline or control group with outcomes of efficacy rate. However risk of bias seemed high. LI4, LI11, SI3, PC3, PC6 were most frequently used for acupoints to treat upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. Conclusions These results suggest that it is recommended to develop more detailed reporting standards for acupuncture treatment method. In the future, well designed randomized clinical trials which evaluate the effects and safety of acupuncture treatment for upper extremity peripheral nerve injury is highly needed.