• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Objectives : The acupoint-meridian relationship of an acupoint is one of important features of the acupoint. It has also shown evolutionary development over the history of medicine. This study analyzed the prototype kind of information on acupoint-meridian relationships in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(the Classic) of 2c BCE. Methods : The acupoint-meridian relationship of all the acupoints listed in the Classic was counted and reviewed in comparison with the information in the contemporary standard texts. Results : In comparison with the contemporary standard of 361 meridian points, the Classic listed 349(97%) acupoints. Of contemporary standard 361 points, 287(81%) acupoints still maintain the same acupoint-meridian relationship as in the Classic. Conclusions : Acupoint-meridian relationship in the Classic has largely been maintained throughout the history and still comprises a major proportion of the contemporary body of knowledge on acupoint-meridian relationship.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

Objective : This paper introduces a unique meridian theory developed by Japanese philosopher Yuasa Yasuo. Method : His meridian theory is well organized in his philosophy, so we systematically review his major works and philosophy from which we systematize his meridian theory. And we critically examine it with current studies. Results and Conclusions : He tried to overcome Cartesian mind-body dualism by Eastern thought and newly developing neurophysiology. He articulated "body scheme" from human information systems, primarily nervous system and meridian system, which regulate physiological functions. It consists of 1st external sensory motor circuit, 2nd circuit of coenesthesis, 3rd emotion-instinct circuit and 4th circuit of unconscious quasi-body. Meridian system is the 4th circuit, through which he thought various affect(emotion) flows. Based on the relationship of emotion-autonomic nervous system- meridian-skin, he tried to confirm the existence of meridian system. His theory illuminates mind-body problem and emotion-meridian relationship in traditional East Asian medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2020

Objectives : Mast cells, the multifunctional immune cells which can be activated by various stimulations, have been in the limelight recently at the fields of acupuncture research. This study aimed to investigate the association between the distribution of mast cell and acupoint specificity. We focused on the characteristics of mast cell distribution of acupoints in normal, pathologically sensitized, and acupoint-stimulated state. Methods : Literature searches were performed on PubMed and EMBASE for dates ranging to February 2019, by using terms "acupuncture", "moxibustion", "acupoint", "mast cell". Finally, 18 papers were collected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess the quality of included studies, modified SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies was used. Results : Overall, the studies showed that the number of the mast cells was higher in acupoints than non-acupoints. After pathological sensitization, increasing tendency towards the mast cell number was reported in acupoints. The increase of mast cells was also observed after acupuncture or moxibustion. However, when the acupoint stimulation was repeated for several days in pathological models, the results did not show consistent tendency. In quality assessments, most of the studies showed unclear risk of bias. Conclusions : The studies showed a consistent trend about the association with mast cell distribution and acupoint specificity. However, we could not certainly affirm the relationship due to insufficient qualities of included studies. Not only the distribution but also the functions should be considered in further researches to identify the relationship between mast cells and acupuncture effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the correlation between fear-avoidance beliefs and neck pain/neck disability caused by traffic accidents. Methods : We surveyed 52 patients who were injured in traffic accidents. The patients completed baseline measures of pain, disability, fear-avoidance beliefs according to the visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) and a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). At the end of medical treatment, VAS and NDI were reassessed. In order to determine the relationship between FABQ(including its subscales), change of VAS and NDI, Pearson correlation coefficients were used. To examine the accuracy of previously reported cut-off scores, we classified the patients into low and high groups and analyzed the change of VAS and NDI. The relationship was measured by Mann-Whitney U-test and a student's T-test. Results : FABQ and its subscales(total, physical activity and work) were significantly correlated with final VAS and NDI. FABQ-T showed low significant negative correlation with change of NDI. Previously reported cut-off scores did not show a statistical significance in this study Conclusions : This study suggests that screening for fear-avoidance beliefs may be useful for identifying patients at risk of prolonged pain after traffic accidents.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot three yang meridian-muscle' and 'muscular system'. Methods : We have researched some of the literatures on Meridian-muscle theory, anatomical muscular system, myofascial pain syndrome and anatomy trains. And especially we have compared myofascial pain syndrome to anatomy trains and researched what kind of relationship is exist between them. Results : It is considered that Foot taeyang meridian-muscle includes Abductor digiti minimi m., Gastrocnemius m., Biceps femoris m., Longissimus m., Omohyoid m., Occipital m., Frontal m., Orbicularis oculi m., Trapezius m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Sternohyoid m., Zygomaticus m. Foot soyang meridian-muscle includes Dorsal interosseus m., Tendon of extensor digitorum longus m., Extensor digitorum longus m., Iliotibial band, Vastus lateralis m., Piriformis m., Tensor fasciae latae m., Internal abdominal oblique m., External abdominal oblique m,, Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Pectoralis major m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Posterior auricular m., Temporal m., Masseter m., Orbicularis oculi m. Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle includes Extensor digitorum longus m., Vastus lateralis m., Iliotibial band, Iliopsoas m., Anterior tibial m., Rectus femoris m., Sartorius m., Rectus abdominis m., Pectoralis major m., Internal intercostal m., External intercostal m., Sternocleidomastoid m., Masseter m., Levator labii superioris m., Zygomatic major m., Zygomatic minor m., Orbicularis oculi m., Buccinator m. and the symptoms of Foot three yang meridian-muscle are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome. Superficial back line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot taeyang meridian-muscle. Lateral Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot soyang meridian-muscle. Superficial Front Arm Line in anatomy trains is similar to the pathway of Foot yangmyung meridian-muscle. Conclusions : There is some difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian-muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscular system in the view of integrated organism. More studies are needed in anatomy and physiology to support the integration of muscular system of Foot three yang meridian-muscle in aspect of anatomy trains.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shinmun-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy (ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Shinmun acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction (迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads I, II and III in ECG. Results : In lead I , acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead II, during the acupuncture treated group by inserting the needle in the opposite direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of T wave duration, and after the acupuncture group by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of PR interval. In lead III, acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of ST duration, PR interval and QT interval. Conclusions : These results suggested that Shinmun acupuncture stimulation plays an important role on the activities of ECG.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2005

Objectives & Methods : This study aims to investigate the application of the principle of the mutual communication between organ and bowel(臟腑相通) on Tong's acupuncture. We classified the frequently used Tong's acupuncture points according to the principle of the mutual communication between organ and bowel. Results & Conclusions : Considering the locations and indications of the most frequently used points among the 740 master Tong's acupuncture points, we could reach the following conclusions; 1. The chief virtues of 66 master Tong's acupuncture points could be explained by the principle of mutual communication between organ and bowel. 2. Among the relationships of mutual communication between organ and bowel, the most frequently applied relationship was relationship which applied to 16 master Tong's acupuncture points, and the , , , , and followed. 3. Considering the body regions, 13 out of 66 master Tong's acupuncture points which the relationship of mutual communication between organ and bowel was applied to, were located at the 1-1 region, and the same number at the U region, the others were at the 7-7, 3-3, 2-2, 4-4, 10-10, 6-6, 5-5 regions in the order of the number of the points, and none at the 9-9 region.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

In this thesis, we discuss on three theories about abdominal line of Penetration Meridian[衝脈] and focused on the text of several related chapters of "Naegyeong(內經)". Therefore, we can get the conclusion as follows. Penetration Meridian[衝脈] is the same root of the Foot Soeum Meridian[定少陰經; KI, Kidney Meridian] and its circulation course is also at one with the Foot Soeum Meridian[足少陰經]. "Naegyeong" presents two kinds of channel of Penetration Meridian at the trunk portion-abdominal and dorsal channels. And their inter-relationship would be described as relationship between the roots[本] and the manifestation[標] or meridian[line] and acupoint[point].

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.522-527
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Naegwan-Acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy(EGG). For this purpose, 11 normal volunteers were acupunctured at Naegwan acupoint using the method of Young-Su-Bo-Sa. Then, we measured and observed the change of augmented unipolar limb leads aVR, aVL and aVF in EGG. In aVR, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In aVL, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of R wave amplitude, PR interval and PR segment. In aVF, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of S wave amplitude and PR interval. These results suggested that Naegwan acupuncture stimulation play an important role to the activities of EGG.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Naegwan-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy(ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Naegwan acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction(迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ in ECG. Results : In lead Ⅰ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead Ⅱ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval. In lead Ⅲ, Naegwan acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of R wave duration, S wave amplitude, ST segment onset, ST segment midpoint, ST segment 80ms and ST segment endpoint. Conclusions : These results suggested that Naegwan acupuncture stimulation plays an important role to the activities of ECG.