• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1653-1660
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• 2016

Drought is a reoccurring worldwide natural hazard that affects not only food production but also economics, health, and infrastructure. Drought monitoring is usually performed with precipitation-based indices without consideration of the actual state and amount of the land surface properties. A drought index based on the actual evapotranspiration can overcome these shortcomings. The severity of a drought can be quantified by making a spatial map. The procedure for estimating actual evapotranspiration is costly and complicated, and requires land surface information. The possibility of utilizing drone-driven remotely sensed data for actual evapotranspiration estimation was analyzed in this study. A drone collected data was used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The spatial resolution was 10 m with a grid of $404{\times}395$. The collected data were applied and parameterized to an actual evapotranspiration estimation. The result shows that drone-based data is useful for estimating actual evapotranspiration and the corresponding drought indices.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Purpose: We investigated the effects of physical practice, mental practice, and cross education using serial reaction time (SRT). We recruited 21 right-handed healthy males and females who gave consent and had no clinical history for their upper limbs. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; actual practice (n=7), mental practice (n=7), and controls (n=7), who performed actual training, mental training, or no intervention respectively for three weeks. Super lab 4.0 displayed four symbols on the monitor and subjects pushed on the matching button, with reaction time assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Reaction time was significantly lower after actual or mental practice (p<0.05). Actual practice also decreased left hand reaction time. Conclusion: Actual practice and mental practice can improve motor learning, but mental practice is not sufficient for cross education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1977

The improvement of civil registration reguires continuous study rather than periodic efforts. More and better statistics, however, are urgently required to formulate development programs and planning. Data obtainable from the civil registration are usually marred by errors of omission which are difficult to correct. This study aimed at finding out the problems occuring when a set of crude birth registration data in a rural area is used. Data Sources of this study are: 1) For birth registration: government birth registration records obtained from myun office and other government offices. 2) For the actual number of births: birth and child records from the Kang Wha Community Health Project The study area is Sunwon Myun and Naega Myun in Kang Wha Gun, Gyunggido. The referrance period for the accumulated data is one full year: Jan. 1st 1975-Dec. 31st 1975 Major findings are as follows: If the number of registered births is compared with the actual number of births which occured in the target area, the former is far greater than the latter. The general assumption usually is, that the actual number of births exceeds the registered number of birth in Korea. The observation from this specific study in this specific target area, shows the opporsite trend. The number of births which were registered is 550. This is more than two times as much as the number of births which actually occured during the year of 1975 in the study area namely 256. The difference comes mainly from the fact that many cases of births from other areas were registered in the target area. In other words birth is not registered where it occured but where the permanent residence adress is. Among 550 births registered in the target area 66% did not occur in the target area. Only one third of all registered births were registered within the legal period for birth registration which is 2 weeks. 34% of the registered births actually occured in 1974, but were registered in 1975. In 55% of the cases a difference was observed between the actual date of birth and the registered date of birth. From the 256 births which occured in the target area, only 153 births (59%) were registered at the myun office and the remaining 130 births (41%) were not resistered there in the year of study. 6% of the 550 cases listed as registered have no seperate registration sheets. Nevertheless, they definitly have been registered in the birth list at the myun office. 3% of the 550 cases are not recorded in this list but have a separate registration sheet at the myun office. In conclusion, birth registration data have many errors and problems. Their usefulness as. a source for vital and other statistics should be reconsidered. A series of sound methological studies will be necessary to establish their actual usefulness. A continuous and permanent compulsory system of birth recording is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

This study analyzed the accidents and researched on risk of the actual condition in roof works. This study revealed that 68% of accidents in roof works occurred on small sized construction sites. And 79% of accidents are caused by fall. It is simply because most laborers do not wear the safety harness and the mounted equipment is not properly installed. According to our research, we realize that most of roof works have some risk of the fall accidents. Most of roof working sites have the danger of falling at ladder and temporary walkway. In oder to prevent accidents in roof works, the basic rule such as wearing the safety harness must be followed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.60-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study if to prevent dangerous accident of the overthrow of the tower crane in summer's hurricane. We develop the SMS in order to give automatic alarm system to operator within the dangerous range and to give a information of the exactly slope in the real time. The slope value of the tower crane is compose of direction, pitch by the front and rear, roll by the right and left and synthesis by the its pitch and roll. Especially, the synthesis eliminate the effect of the wall tie or wire bracing. So, this value should correctly indicate the actual slope. In this study, more applying field test should be applied with the SMS. In the future, a more measurement device can be applied to, and be able to feed more alarm criteria for the review of the risk in the field.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective school dental health education for dental caries prevention， relation knowledge of class, feeding practice and snack intake preference actual conditions, food and caries executed investigation by own recording way using questionnaire consisted of dental health education awareness to some business world man high school locating in Kyonggi Province. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence The obtain result were as follows 1. Results about habit of breakfast was the most by 36.1% a student who have breakfast every day, and a student who hardly eat dominated 32.9%. Second-year student hardly had breakfast (p<.01). 2. A student who answer that snack kind that often eat was cookies and snack kind was the most by 37.2%, and a student who answer that symbol drink was a carbonated drink was the most by 50.9%. 3. Relation knowledge degree appeared grand mean among 18 points perfect score by 12.36 with food and caries. Third-year student knowledge degree was the highest, and second-year student was the lowest knowledge degree by class (p<.01). 4. Existence and nonexistence of experience of dental health education appeared a student who experience that take dental health education does not exist by 57.1%. There was experience that take dental health education as class is low by class, and as class is high, experience did not exists (p<.05). 5. Time that take dental health education for the first time was the most by 56.7% a student who respond 'Babyhood', grade in school is low by class 'Babyhood', and is high by class responded 'Middle school'(p<.05). 6. Awareness of dental health education necessity 'may educate dental health and does not' a student 56.3%, half was looked attitude which students who exceed are insincere about dental health education necessity. 7. When educate dental health, contents was the most by 44.6% 'brushing and mouth article directions' to be educated importantly, and was expose by caries 31.2%, gum disease 10.1%, scaling 9.0%, prosthetic dentistry and implant 5.1% period of ten days, third-year student 50.8% said that 'brushing and mouth article directions' is important (p<.05). Dental health education is practiced during life, and is a teaching that should be remembered. Need to develop epoch-making and interesting education program that is correct in subject to do as quickly as possible, and should be achieved major road of dental hygienist. Dental hygienist will have to settle as quickly as possible as expert of prevention that is natural business and education and help in dental health education development under effort between country and dental association effective.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.921-932
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of the this study was to obtain necessary source data for development of oral health improvement and promotion programs for the elderly by investigating the actual situations of oral health education related experience and needs that senior citizens had in Korea. Methods : In this study, convenience sampling was conducted in 430 senior citizens aged 65 years who lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do in Korea, for about six months from December 2011 to May 2012. For data collection, the structured questionnaire was used. Community-based senior citizens' welfare facilities and centres, as well as nearby churches were visited to inform them of the information on this study. Then, the senior citizens who agreed to participate in this study were given the questionnaire sheets. Excluding 33 copies of inadequately completed questionnaire sheets, 397 copies (92.3% of the entire collected data) were analyzed. Results : 1. In terms of the experience with oral health education, the number of elderly respondents who have not received oral health education was 202 (50.9%), whereas the number of those who have received oral health education was 195 (49.1%), which indicates that the latter shows a slightly higher proportion. 2. Examining the necessity for oral health education, the overall mean was 3.67 points based on 5 points as full marks, which suggests that senior citizens have high awareness of the necessity for oral health education. 3. Regarding the willingness to participate in oral health education, the number of those who answered that if any opportunity to receive oral health education is given, they would be willing to receive such the education was 211 (53.1%). Conclusions : Based upon the results mentioned above, we conclude that it is required to develop more systematic and sustained, life-long oral health education programs at the levels of senior citizen's welfare facilities and centres, in order to guide senior citizens to desirable oral health care practice.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to present improvement strategy and the problems of the nursing fee in national health insurance system. Methods: A total of 23 nursing activities performed by nurses were selected. Data were collected the relative value score and criteria of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Agency. Sixty clinical nursing experts panels were composed and nursing time surveyed self-reported method. The actual fee was calculated through the nursing time, relative value score and actual labor costs. Nextly, the labor costs analyzed was compared with that in the national health insurance. Results: Although the practices were mainly performed by the nurse, other occupations have been recorded as main practitioners and the time of the nursing activity is partially improperly reflected. Additionally, although the nurse practiced mainly in glucose (semi-quantitative) test, it was confirmed that the principal practitioner was described as a clinical pathologist. The the labor cost gap was estimated that is 9.3 times (median) and 11.9 times (average) in this analysis. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to legislate a policy that can improve the quality of clinical nursing by reinforcing the appropriateness and improving nursing fee through reflection of the actual time spent for nursing care.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Background: The use of computed tomography (CT) device has increased in the past few decades in Japan. Dose optimization is strongly required in pediatric CT examinations, since there is concern that an unreasonably excessive medical radiation exposure might increase the risk of brain cancer and leukemia. To accelerate the process of dose optimization, continual assessment of the dose levels in actual hospitals and medical facilities is necessary. This study presents organ dose estimation using pediatric cerebral CT scans in the Kyushu region, Japan in 2012 and the web-based calculator, WAZA-ARI (https://waza-ari.nirs.qst.go.jp). Materials and Methods: We collected actual patient information and CT scan parameters from hospitals and medical facilities with more than 200 beds that perform pediatric CT in the Kyushu region, Japan through a questionnaire survey. To estimate the actual organ dose (brain dose, bone marrow dose, thyroid dose, lens dose), we divided the pediatric population into five age groups (0, 1, 5, 10, 15) based on body size, and inputted CT scan parameters into WAZA-ARI. Results and Discussion: Organ doses for each age group were obtained using WAZA-ARI. The brain dose, thyroid dose, and lens dose were the highest in the Age 0 group among the age groups, and the bone marrow and thyroid doses tended to decrease with increasing age groups. All organ doses showed differences among facilities, and this tendency was remarkable in the young group, especially in the Age 0 group. This study confirmed a difference of more than 10-fold in organ doses depending on the facility and CT scan parameters, even when the same CT device was used in the same age group. Conclusion: This study indicated that organ doses varied widely by age group, and also suggested that CT scan parameters are not optimized for children in some hospitals and medical facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

Occupational illness analyses are used to identify common factors contributing to occupational illness and to give recommendations for illness prevention. We discuss safety and health management policies based on the present status of MSDS(Musculoskeletal Disorders) characteristics and the actual safety and health problems. These results can be used to develop more effective occupational safety and health management policies for the prevention of MSDS.