• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.355-365
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• 2017

This study investigatedwhether occupational therapeutic craft activity improves cognitive function and hand function in patients with acute stroke, with the hope of providing clinically useful results for further studies. From March 2016 to November 2016, thirty acute patients with stroke at A general hospital and B rehabilitation hospital in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with occupational therapeutic craft activity,and the other general exercise. The subjects performed each activity for 30 minutestwice weekly, for four weeks. To test the effect of intervention, hand function was tested with the Box & Block Test and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test.Cognitive function measures were the NCSE and Trail-Making Test. Over the four weeks of treatment activities, in the occupational therapeutic craft activity group, hand function measures(p<.05) increased significantly,as did cognitive function measures(p<.05). This study shows that occupational therapeutic craft activity improves hand function and cognitive function effectively in patients with acute stroke. Occupational therapeutic craft activity programscan be based on this study to prepare intervention programs for further studies with acute stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2004

Objective : The effect Saenggitang (GT), which has been used for amnesia, in Oriental Medicine, on memory and learning ability, was investigated. Methods : Hot water extracts (HWE) of SGT were used for the studies. In passive avoidance performances (step through test), active avoidance performances (lever press test), Motor activity, pentobarbital-induced sleep, 20 and 50 mg/100g of SGT-HWE ameliorated the memory retrieval deficit induced by 40% ethanol. Results : The SGT-HWE did not affect the ambulatory activity of normal mice in normal condition. 20 and 50 mg/100g of SGT-HWE enhanced contextual fear memory, but not cued fear memory in a fear conditioning task, which requires the activation of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartase) receptor. SGT-HWE did not affect the motor activity measured by the titling type ambulometer test performed immediately and 24 hr after the administration. SGT-HWE prolonged the sleeping time induced by 50 mg/kg pentobarbital in mice and decreased SMA (spontaneous motor activity) in active avoidance performances (lever press test). Conclusion : These results indicate that the SGT-HWE have an improving effect on the memory retrieval disability induced by ethanol and may act as a stimulating factor for activating the NMDA receptor. and the SGT-HWE has a tranquilizing and anti-anxiety action.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1997

Analgesic effect of DA-5018, a new capsaicin derivative, was evaluated in various rat models of experimentally induced acute pain. DA-5018(0.2∼10.0 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid or phenol-p-benzoquinone(PBQ). It increased the pain threshold of inflamed paw when tested by the Randall-Selitto method at the dose of 2.0∼20.0 mg/kg by oral administration. And also it showed antinociceptive activities in tail-pinch(1.0∼20.0 mg/kg, p.o.) and tail-flick test(5.0∼50.0 mg/kg, p.o.). the potency and efficacy of DA-5018 were comparable to morphine · HCI in all the models mentioned above. Acetaminophen exhibited the inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing syndromes and also analgesic activity in Randall-Selitto test, but it showed the limited efficacy in tail-pinch and tail-flick test. These results mean that DA-5018 has a broader analgesic activity profile than acetaminophen. And we found out that the analgesic activity of DA-5018 was 100 times more potent when administered centrally than administered orally in tail-flick test. These results suggest that DA-5018 has an orally active analgesic activity, and central nervous system may be involved in the action of DA-5018.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.49-64
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• 2009

Objectives : The water and methanol extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli(Aconiti Tuber Preparat) were investigated for their anti-depressant effects. Methods : In this study, reserpine-induced hypothermia test, tail suspension test and hot plate test. Additionally, the brain monoamine oxidase activity was determined in vivo. Results: In the reserpine-induced hypothermia test, both extracts suppressed the fall of body temperature compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the inhibition on hypothermia. In the tail suspension test, the methanol extract dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility by 28.4% at a dose of 1 g/kg compared to control group, which is more effective than the water extract. In the hot plate test, the water extract and methanol extract increased the jump latency time compared to the control group, showing the inhibition rate of 198% and 182%, respectively, at a dose of 1 g/kg. Methanol extracts potently inhibited the brain monoamine oxidase activity in an in vivo assay compared to the control group, showing 84.6% inhibition, but the water extract revealed very weak activity. Conclusions : Above results suggested that the extract of Aconitum carmichaeli can be useful for the prevention and treatment of depression.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2004

Antigenotoxicity test (SOS chromotest), antimutagenecity test (Ames test), and antioxidant test (NBT method and xanthine-xanthine oxidase method) were carried out using water-soluble and methanolic extracts from Puerariae Flos. Against the mutagens MNNG and NQO, antigenotoxic activity of methanolic extracts were much more effective than that of water-soluble ones. When the methanolic extract was added to the certain concentration $(100{\mu}{\ell}/tube)$, antigenotoxic acivity against the mutagen MNNG was enhanced. Contrary to the water-soluble extract, the methanolic extract showed high antigenotoxicity against the mutagen NQO with increment of the extract. Against the mutagen MNNG with Ames test, antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract at $300{\mu}{\ell}/tube$ was 96% as an inhibition ratio of revertant forming CFU/plate. The antioxidant activity of water-soluble extract was comparatively higher than that of the methanolic one.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.1 s.132
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• pp.80-85
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• 2003

Water extract from Astragali Radix (AR) was tested for the safety using Ames, Bacillus subtilis Rec, and umu gene expression mutagenicity tests. Mutagenic activity in any assays we tested was not found. In Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA 100 were used to identify mutagenic property, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In the Recassay, Bacillus subtilis ${H-17(Rec^+)\;and\;M-45(Rec^-)}$ strains were used to test DNA damage activity. In the SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a test strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. From the results, there was no DNA damage and mutagenicity of AR. Hepatotoxicity of AR to female ICR mice was also monitored by the measurements of s-GOT, s-GPT, LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. AR was not shown any significant changes of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

Recently there is increasing interest in the use of structure activity relationships for predicting the biological activity of chemicals. The reasons for the interest include the decrease cost and time per chemical as compared with animal or cell system for identifying toxicological effects of chemicals and the reduction in the use of animals for toxicological testing. This study is to test the validity of the mutagenicity data generated from QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) program. Thirty chemicals, which had been evaluated by Ames test during 1997-1999, were assessed with TOPKAT QSAR mutagenicity prediction module. Among 30chemicals experimented, 28 were negative and 2 were positive for Ames test. On the contrary, 23 chemicals showed the high confidence level indicating high prediction rate in mutagenicity evaluation, and 7 chemicals showed the lsow to moderate confidence level indicating low prediction in mutagenicity evaluation. Overall mutagenicity prediction rate was 77% (23/30). The prediction rates for non-mutagenic chemicals were 79% (22/28) and mutagenic chemicals were 50% (1/2). QSAR could be a useful tool in providing toxicological data for newly introduced chemicals or in furnishing data for MSDS or in determining the dose in toxicity testing for chemicals with no known toxicological data.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study analyzes how different knee flexion angles affect the abdominal and pelvic muscle activity during supine bridging. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the study. We used surface electromyography (EMG) to measure how three different knee flexion angles ($100^{\circ}$, $70^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$) affected the activity of the transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), external oblique (EO), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles on the dominant side during supine bridging. The one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance of TrA/IO, EO, BF, RF and GM muscle activity and the GM/BF activity ratio. For the TrA/IO, EO, BF, and GM muscles, supine bridging with different knee flexion angles resulted in significant differences in abdominal and pelvic muscle activity. For the TrA/IO muscles, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at $40^{\circ}$ compared to $70^{\circ}$; however, there were no significant differences between $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$ or $100^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. For the EO muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased at $40^{\circ}$ compared to $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$; no significant difference was observed between angles $100^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$. For the BF muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($40^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $100^{\circ}$). For the GM muscle, the post-hoc test demonstrated that muscle activity significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($100^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $40^{\circ}$). However, for the RF muscle, there was no significant difference. Additionally, the GM/BF activity ratio significantly increased according to the knee flexion angle ($100^{\circ}$ > $70^{\circ}$ > $40^{\circ}$). From these results, we can conclude that bridging with a knee flexion of $100^{\circ}$ can strengthen the GM muscle, whereas bridging with a knee flexion of $40^{\circ}$ is recommended to strengthen the IO, EO, and BF muscles. We can also conclude that knee flexion angles should be modified during supine bridging to increase the muscle activity of different target muscles.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.52-65
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• 2020

Purpose: To examine the effects of a smartphone application-based exercise program on self-efficacy expectations (SEE) and outcome expectations regarding exercise (OEE), physical fitness, activity level, physiological indices, and health-related quality of life in a sample of hemodialysis patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental control group pre-test post-test design was used. Subjects were recruited from two university hospitals in G city. The subjects were assigned randomly by coin toss: 33 participants to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. A literature review and the self-efficacy theory were used to develop the smartphone program. Experts designed and verified the program to be userfriendly and in consideration of user interaction. Data were collected through a self-report pre-test post-test questionnaire and online medical records. Results: In the experimental group, the levels of physical fitness and physical activity were significantly improved post-test, but the scores on health-related quality of life and the physical indices did not improve. In the experimental group, the SEE and OEE post-test scores were also significantly higher than the pre-test scores, but the control group's scores did not change. Conclusion: The smartphone application-based exercise program based on self-efficacy theory significantly improved the level of physical fitness and activity, SEE, and OEE for hemodialysis patients. The use of this application-based exercise program for hemodialysis patients might be an effective nursing intervention tool for improving SEE, OEE, level of physical fitness, and physical activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

Against the mutagen MNNG and NOPD with SOS chromotest, the antigenotoxic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was much more effective than that of the water-soluble one. When the extract was added to the certain concentration, the antigenotoxic acivity was enhanced. Against the mutagen NOPD with Ames test, the antimutagenic activity of MeOH-soluble extract was better than that of the water-soluble one. The 60.4% of the inhibition ratio for the revertant colony-forming unit was shown at 5 mg of MeOH-soluble extract per plate. Antimutagenecity test with SOS chromotest and Ames test were performed using water-soluble and MeOH-soluble extracts from of Gleditsia sinensis. The antioxidant activity of MeOH-soluble extract with the NBT method was higher than that of the water-soluble one.