• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference of the SCM activities in the general characteristics of fashion enterprises and to inquire out the general characteristics affecting the introduction of SCM. The characteristics of apparel manufactures were also compared through the cluster analysis of the SCM activity levels of apparel manufactures. Through questionnaire survey, a total af 214 data - 123 from 64 apparel manufacturers, 46 from 40 fabric suppliers and 45 from 4 retailers - were used for analysis. The analysis on the relation between the SCM activity levels and the general characteristics of fashion enterprises showed that the SCM activities were affected by product assortment pattern and SCM introduction level for fabric suppliers, production method, product assortment pattern, business type and SCM introduction level for apparel manufacturers, and SCM introduction level for retailers. The cluster characteristics related to the SCM activity levels of apparel manufacturers showed that the clusters with higher level were tending to doing business internationally and trying to manufacture in a small lot in variety. The higher level clusters also revealed relatively low in the occupation ratio of fashion goods and high in quick response ratio compared to the lower level clusters.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sprinter pattern bridging exercise using theraband on activation of lower extremity and abdominal muscle and to find out postures that can effectively improve abdominal and lower extremity muscle strength and increase abdominal stability. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The following research was done with applicants attending S university in Seoul to compare the difference in muscle activity between one-leg-Support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. For 48 study participants, we first measured their MVC. Then, we applied one-leg-support bridging exercise and sprinter-pattern bridging exercise at random order. These data were expressed as the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC).Electromyography analysis was performed by measuring the external obliques, internal obliques, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus. Results: There was a statistically significant increment of muscle activity in external and internal oblique muscle(p<0.001)by sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband. On the lower body, statistically significant increment of muscle activity in biceps femoris and gluteus maximus was found(p<0.05). On the other hand, on erector spinae, there was statistically significant decrease in muscle activity(p<0.05). Conclusions: Efficient treatment is expected when sprinter-pattern bridging exercise using theraband is applied clinically.For patients with chronic knee and ankle pain who have difficulty bearing weight, including low back pain and internal rotation of the femur, starting with a low weight bearing, we think it will be helpful in planning systematic training aimed at progressively strengthening the lower extremities.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.107-138
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• 2002

In general, women's labor force participation follows a M-curve pattern because women's state of economic activity usually changes by their life course stage. This research attentions that the effect of sequence of life course as well as the effects of‘marriage bar’, or‘maternity leave’is very important in understanding women's chaning economic activity status. First, this research hypothesizes that women's four patterns of job career such as‘continuous pattern’,‘discontinuous pattern’,‘non-economic activity pattern’,‘marriage leave pattern’result a significant difference in social and demographic variables. Second, this research analyzes the effect of ordering and timing of life events on women's work transition. This research investigates labor market dynamics to conceptualize labor market behaviors using longitudinal data and sequence analysis and event history analysis. We find that four patterns of job career vary by age, educational attainment, having a certificate or not, their parents’human capital and health status. And we find that the ordering and timing of‘participation in labor market’and‘marriage’determine the pattern of women's work transition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.40-42
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• 1999

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing image according to gender, coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 16 color pictures, in which the gender(male, female), interval(0.5cm, 1.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm), and coloration(WR: white+red, WY: white+yellow, WB: white+Blue, WP: white+purple) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of clothing image. Data were obtained from 192 male college students and 192 female college students living in Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, Jinju, and Changwon on March 2010. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; Clothing image according to coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern consisted of six dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Gender showed an independent effect on attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, and cuteness. Interval showed an independent effect on attractiveness. Coloration showed an independent effect on appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Also, interaction effects of gender and coloration on freshness and cuteness were found.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2010

In this study, monoclonal antibodies against lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) of a salamander, Hynobius leechii, were used to determine the spatial and temporal expression of the LAP in the regenerating limbs. The Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis in the limb regeneration revealed that LAP was highly expressed at the dedifferentiation stage, especially in the wound epidermis and dedifferentiating limb tissues such as muscle and cartilage. With RA treatment, the LAP expression became upregulated in terms of both level and duration in the wound epidermis, blastemal cell and dedifferentiating limb tissues. In addition, in situ activity staining of LAP showed a similar result to that of immunohistochemistry. Thus, the activity profile of LAP activity coincides well with the expression profile of LAP during the dedifferentiation period. Furthermore, to examine the effects of lysosomal enzymes including LAP on salamander limb regeneration, lysosome extract was microinjected into limb regenerates. Interestingly, when the lysosome extract was microinjected into limb regenerates with a low dose of RA($50\;{\mu}g/g$ body wt.), skeletal pattern duplication occurred frequently in the proximodistal and transverse axes. Therefore, lysosomal enzymes might cause the regenerative environment and RA plays dual roles in the modification of positional value as well as evocation of extensive dedifferentiation for pattern duplication. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that dedifferentiation is a crucial event in the process of limb regeneration and RA-evoked pattern duplication, and lysosomal enzymes may play important role(s) in this process.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1995

The information obtained from the analysis of respiratory muscle elecromyographic (EMG) activities provides a mean for studying muscular activity in relation to the ventilatory process. Thus, in order to comprehend the airflow pattern and its brain control, signal processing is required to characterize respiratory muscle activity. This paper presents a computerized method for the analysis of the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles of premature lambs, and focuses upon the automatic determination of respiratory timing points such as onset and cessation points of the burst activity. Based on experimental results, reliable timing points can be obtained using the proposed methodology.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.177-195
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of ankle joints and EMG signal of the lower limbs muscle activity for the different walking speed. The subjects were 6 males of twenties. It was classified into three different walking speed-0.75m/s, 1.25m/s, 1.75m/s. The walking performances were filmed by high speed video camera and EMG signal was gained by ME3000P8 Measurement Unit. Tibialis anterior(TA), Gastrocnemius medial head(GM), Gastrocnemius lateral head(GL), Ssoleus(SO) were selected for the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle joint. The result of this study were as follows: 1. In the gait cycle, The time parameters for the phases were showed significant difference without the terminal stance phase and terminal swing phase for the different walking speed. 2. The angle of ankle joint was no significant difference for each time point and MDF, MPF but increasing walking speed the angle had the increasing pattern slightly. 3. The angular velocity of ankle joint was showed the significant difference for LHC, RTO, RKC, LHU, MPF and MDF point along the walking speed. 4. TA was showed about 2-3 times muscle activity at the 1.75m/s than 1.25m/s in some phases. And it was showed the similar muscle activity between the 0.75m/s and 1.25m/s but, showed a little much muscle activity in the 0.75m/s. GM was showed about 2-3 times muscle activity in the 1.75m/s than 1.25m/s, and even much muscle activity at the 0.75m/s than 1.25m/s in some phases. GL was showed increasing pattern of muscle activity specially in the initial swing phase as the walking speed increased. SO was showed about 3 times muscle activity in the 1.75m/s than 1.25m/s during the plantarflexion of ankle joint. It was showed the similar muscle activity between the 0.75m/s and 1.25m/s but, showed a little much muscle activity in the 1.25m/s.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2017

Objectives: Exposure to hazardous air pollutants could be affected by sociodemographic factors such as age, gender and more. Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role in exposure assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exposure pathways which influence personal exposure through time-activity patterns and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A total of 379 subjects were collected from the second term of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. A questionnaire survey in relation to sociodemographic factors and a time-activity diary were carried out for personal exposure to toluene. Focusing on personal exposure to toluene, factors affecting personal exposure were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Participants spent their time in an indoor house for $16.8{\pm}4.0hr$, workplace or school $2.3{\pm}3.5hr$, and other indoor $2.1{\pm}2.2hr$. Sociodemographic factors were significantly different among each personal exposure and microenvironment. Time of staying at an office turned out to be a main factor from point of exposure in exposure pathway using multiple regression analysis. As a result, this means that exposure may be different according to the time of staying in each microenvironment. Conclusions: Personal exposure to air pollutants might be decided by time-activity pattern indicating when, where, and which activities people pursue, as well as individual sociodemographic factors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.353-364
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• 2016

Objectives: Determining the time activity patterns of urban populations is critical when performing an exposure assessment. The purposes of this study were to classify urban populations in Korea by their time activity patterns and to identify factors that influence these patterns. Methods: The time activity patterns of 31,634 and 20,263 individuals were obtained from two national databases collected in 2004 and 2009, respectively. The two largest metropolitan cities in Korea, Seoul and Busan, were selected for this analysis. For each city, multivariate linear regressions were performed to determine factors affecting the time spent in a residence and in transit. We also used cluster analysis to classify each urban population by activity pattern. Results: Nine distinctive activity patterns were identified in the Seoul and Busan populations, respectively, and the resulting classified population groups had specific characteristics. The identified patterns were similar for Seoul and Busan. The most significant factors affecting time spent in a residence were employment status, age, marriage status, education, and gender. Gender, education, employment status, and monthly income were significant factors affecting time spent in transit. Conclusion: These results indicate that, in addition to region, exposure scientists in Korea should consider classifying populations based on age, gender, and occupation.