• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 1992

The technicals of KC-7079, isoprothiolane, perfluidone and tricyclazole were granulated with a mixture of inorganic carrier and oil-soluble binder, that is, stearly alcohol or ethyl cellulose. The concentration of the released active ingredient from the granules was analyzed at several days intervals after immersion of these granules in water at $25^{\circ}C$. At the content of stearyl alcohol less than $80g\;kg^{-1}$, the granule kneaded with stearyl alcohol mixture and water disintegrated in water. But the granule kneaded with methanol disintegrated in water at the content of stearyl alcohol less than $30g\;kg^{-1}$. The less the KC-7079-stearyl alcohol granule disintegrated, the slower the release rate of KC-7079 was. No matter how was increased the stearyl alcohol content, the release rate of KC-7079 granule which did not disintegrate was not significantly changed. The sustained releasing effect of the granules was little in the other three pesticides of which the water solubility was higher than of KC-7079(21 ppm). The granule made of ethyl cellulose did not disintegrate even at $5g\;kg^{-1}$ of ethyl cellulose. With the increase of ethyl cellulose content and the decrease of active ingredient in the granules, the sustaining effect of the granules on releasing acitive ingredient was increased. The lower the water solubility of pesticide was, the release rate tended to be sustained except perfluidone.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2013

Although the quantity of dredged soils has increased owing to recent new harbor construction, sea course management, polluted sediment dredging, and four-river project, the reuse or recycling of those dredged soils has not done properly in Korea. To develop measures to utilize them in various ways for reuse or recycling, the biophysicochemical properties of dredged soils and sediment were assessed in this study. Samples were classified according to their sources-river and sea-by location, and as dredged soil and sediment depending on storage time. The results showed that dredged materials from the sea have high clay content and can be used for making bricks, tiles, and lightweight backfill materials, while dredged materials from the river have high sand content and can be used in sand aggregates. Separation procedures, depending on the intended application, should be carried out because all dredged materials are poorly sorted. All dredged soils and sediments have high salinity, and hence, salts should be removed before use for cultivation. Since dredged materials from the sea have adequate concentrations of nutrients, except phosphate, they can be used for creating and restoring coastal habitats without carrying out any additional removal processes. The high overall microbial activities in dredged materials from the river suggested that active degradation of organic matter, circulation of nutrients, and provision of nutrients may occur if these dredged materials are used for cultivation purpose.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2015

The carbon cycle came into the spotlight due to the climate change and forests are well-known for their capacity to store carbon amongst other terrestrial ecosystems. The annual organic carbon of litter production, forest floor litter layer, soil, aboveground and belowground part of plant, standing biomass, net primary production, uptake of organic carbon, soil respiration, etc. were measured in Mt. Worak in order to understand the production and carbon budget of Quercus serrata forest that are widely spread in the central and southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The total amount of organic carbon of Q. serrata forest during the study period (2010-2013) was 130.745 ton C ha^-1. The aboveground part of plant, belowground part of plant, forest floor litter layer, and organic carbon in soil was 50.041, 12.510, 4.075, and 64.119 ton C ha^-1, respectively. The total average of carbon fixation in plants from photosynthesis was 4.935 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1 and organic carbon released from soil respiration to microbial respiration was 3.972 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. As a result, the net ecosystem production of Q. serrata forest estimated from carbon fixation and soil respiration was 0.963 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Therefore, it seems that Q. serrata forest can act as a sink that absorbs carbon from the atmosphere. The carbon uptake of Q. serrata forest was highest in stem of the plant and the research site had young forest which had many trees with small diameter at breast height (DBH). Consequentially, it seems that active matter production and vigorous carbon dioxide assimilation occurred in Q. serrata forest and these results have proven to be effective for Q. serrata forest to play a role as carbon storage and NEP.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals that are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadways. Personal exposures to VOCs and $PM_{10}$ were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops. According to the questionnaire, hairdressers complained of sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as physical symptoms. The measured mean concentrations of respiratory particulates were $30.5ng/m^3$ in indoor, $30.5ng/m^3$ in outdoor and $44.0ng/m^3$ on personal levels. The personal concentration was found higher than indoor and outdoor concentrations. The heavy metals mean concentrations were shown as indoor (Na>Zn>Cr), outdoor (Cr>Zn>Pb), and personal (Na>Cr>Zn) levels. Conclusively, customers as well as workers in the beauty shops might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper management should be taken to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shops.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.225-244
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• 2005

This study aims to find the direction of subject-divisional plan and the change of composition factors in university Library. To confront new information environment, change of service providing environment, academic characteristics of universities. and users' information needs, the collection and service of university libraries are needed to be restructured based on subject-divisional plan. To adopt subject divisional plan effectively. it is necessary to recognize necessity and reasonability of subject - divisional plan by analyzing a change of physical, intellectual, human, and user factors in the libraries from the aspect of subject-divisional plan. That is, the collection and service of university libraries should be reorganized according to the subjects along with such changes as below. First, people came to consider convenience of space and path of building inside more than past. Second, collection becomes constructed and materials are located based on effectiveness rather than logicality. Third, subject oriented service of library became active through developing the subject abilities of librarians. Fourth, users have tendency to visit libraries lot a special subject matter.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.261-271
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• 2009

Deep sea water exists at depths of over 200m under the sea. As no sunlight reaches it, photosynthesis does not take place within it, and it contains no organic matter. In addition, its temperature is maintained at a stable low level throughout the year, so it does not get mixed with the sea water on the surface. It contains a large amount of nutritious salts, whose cleanness is maintained. It is a marine resource that has matured for a long period of time. Research into deep sea water, which started in the 1970s, has been made around the whole world, including the USA and Japan. In Korea, research has been active in this area since 2000. As there has been a good amount of research into industrial applications for deep sea water, since 1993, patents for the relevant technologies have been applied. This paper intends to provide a resource to researchers of deep sea water, by summarizing of all domestic deep sea water-related patents applied with Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1993 to 2008. This research was conducted using a computer and KIPRIS Database owned by the Korea Institute of Patent Information. 'Deep sea water' was used as the search keyword. A total of 222 Korean patents relating to deep sea water have been registered on the basis of IPC. Of these, 126 patents relate to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages(A23L), while 50 patents relate to the production for medical, dental, or cosmetic purposes(A61K). 38 patents relate to water purification, treatment of wastewater, sewage and sludge (C02F), while 8 patents relate to fishery and farming(A01K). In summary, it was found that studies for the practical use of deep sea water have been conducted in relation to the manufacturing and the treatment of foods, foodstuffs, beverages, and cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2003

This study presents a design of Teachable Agent(TA) and its theoretical background. TA is an intelligent agent to which students as tutors teach, pose questions, and provide feedbacks using a concept map. TA consists of four independent Modules, Teach Module, Q&A Module, Test Module, and Resource Module. In Teach Module, students teach TA by constructing concept map. In Q&A Module, both students and TA ask questions and answer questions each other through an interactive window. To assess TA's knowledge and provide feedback to students, Test Module consists of a set of predetermined questions which TA should pass. From Resource Module, students can search and look up important information to teach, ask questions, and provide feedbacks whenever they want. It is expected that TA should provide student tutors with an active role in learning and positive attitude toward the subject matter by enhancing their cognition as well as motivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1392-1402
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• 2010

This research studied the development of high functional wear that reflects the various needs of an aged population. A survey of the life style, body functions and body changes, cognition, and preference of high functional wear with a subject group of 342 women aged 50's-60's was conducted. The results show that these women showed a high interest in clothing, challenged to new tasks, and enjoyed social meetings. Women aged 50's and 60's showed a relatively vibrant and active tendency, with no difference between them. They had the most interest in health and diet. The development of various clothing items and designs for women in their fifties and sixties are required because exercise was the most favored leisure activity. Meanwhile, they showed indisposition according to body type changes and the decrease in body functions. There was also some discomfort due to changes in visual power and trouble in controlling the body temperature. Therefore, the need to develop high quality smart wear that can help improve these problems was raised. Women aged 50's to 60's did not fully understand smart clothing; however, they showed some interest in high quality smart wear designed to improve health conditions after they heard detailed explanations about the clothing. They perceived the matter of laundry or managing he clothing more important than the price or rejection to mechanical device in regards to smart wear.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.169-190
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• 2014

This research aims to provide alternative policy guidelines and suggestions to enhance reading culture in the country. Analyzing "Reading Culture Promotion Act", which is the keystone legal frame to promote readership in Korea, followed by major foreign policies, this study identified three main policy areas including 'Reading infrastructure', 'Tax support', and 'Public Campaign'. In addition, the study conducted Delphi survey of experts' assessments of how much is the recognition of, contribution to, pubic support of, and actual applicability to the reading promotion for the readers. Through the survey along with the Focus Group Interviews of different age groups, this study could develop useful guidelines and suggestions to strengthen existing reading promotion policies. The findings also suggest that the society should realize that reading is not just educational purpose but 'enjoyment' itself and for that matter, the government needs more careful and active public campaigns.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

One of the innate immune reactions in invertebrates is the pro-phenoloxidase (pro-PO) activation system that is involved in the generation of superoxide, melanin synthesis, and the subsequent sequestration of foreign matter entering the hemocoel of the invertebrates. However, the molecular mechanism of this biological reaction is still obscure. To expand our understanding of the biological roles of the pro-PO activation system in invertebrates, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening by using three regions of pro-PO as bait and a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library from Tenebrio molitor larvae as prey We isolated a novel partial cDNA clone that encodes a glycine-rich protein that interacted with the active phenoloxidase (termed phenoloxidase interacting protein, POIP). POIP consists of two domains: One is an N-terminal unique domain and the other is a C-terminal glycine-rich domain. The C-terminal glycine-rich domain showed sequential homology with those of insect antifungal proteins. Also, the yeast two-hybrid screen in a reverse orientation (using POIP as bait) yielded PO, suggesting that the PO-POIP interaction is specific. By using a 315 bP PCR fragment of the N-terminal unique region of POIP, we cloned the full-length cDNA of POIP from the Tenebruo cDNA library constructed by using E. coli injected larvae. The interaction analysis between PO, and a truncated fragment lacking the N-terminal unique region of POIP, indicated that the N-terminal unique region is necessary for interaction between PO and POIP. The expression level of the POIP mRNA is increased by bacterial injection into T. molitor larvae. This suggests that POIP might be engaged in the humoral defense reaction.